A 100
foot (approximately 30.
Read in Principles of Transmission Lines ↗Reference index / Glossary
Reference tool
Technical glossary
Definitions collected from the published source material. Search by term or concept, then jump to the chapter where it appears.
A 12
gauge wire has a diameter of 80.
Read in Electrical Conductors ↗A 5
megahertz wave travels through space at the same velocity as a 10-megahertz wave.
Read in Radio Wave Propagation ↗A Band
REJECT FILTER will reject a certain band of frequencies and pass all others.
Read in Tuned Circuits ↗A Common
BASE TRANSISTOR CLAMPER clamps the collector voltage to a reference level.
Read in Wave Shaping ↗A Corner
REFLECTOR ANTENNA is a half-wave radiator with a reflector.
Read in Antennas ↗A Frequency
RESPONSE CURVE will enable you to determine the BANDWIDTH and the UPPER and LOWER FREQUENCY LIMITS of an amplifier.
Read in Video and RF Amplifiers ↗A Half
WAVE ANTENNA (Hertz) consists of two lengths of rod or tubing, each a quarter-wave long at a certain frequency, which radiates a doughnut pattern.
Read in Antennas ↗A High
PASS FILTER passes high frequencies and attenuates low frequencies.
Read in Tuned Circuits ↗A Hook
ON TYPE VOLTAMETER allows you to measure current safely and easily (with no need to disconnect the wiring of the circuit).
Read in Circuit Measurement ↗A Light
EMITTING DIODE is a diode which, when forward biased, produces visible light.
Read in Special Devices ↗A Long
WIRE ANTENNA is an antenna that is a wavelength or longer at the operating frequency.
Read in Antennas ↗A Low
PASS filter can be used to pass on lower-frequency components.
Read in Tuned Circuits ↗A Nontrip
FREE circuit breaker can be bypassed by holding the operating mechanism ON.
Read in Circuit Protection Devices ↗A P
TYPE SEMICONDUCTOR is one which is doped with a P-TYPE or acceptor impurity (an impurity that reduces the number of free electrons causing more holes).
Read in Semiconductor Diodes ↗A Parallel
RESONANT circuit has the following characteristics: • At resonance the impedance appears as a very high resistance.
Read in Principles of Transmission Lines ↗A Pn
junction diode that operates in the reverse-bias breakdown region 2.
Read in Module 7 Index ↗A Push
PULL AMPLIFIER uses two transistors whose output signals are added together to provide a larger gain (usually a power gain) than a single transistor could provide.
Read in Amplifiers ↗A Quarter
WAVE ANTENNA (Marconi) is a half-wave antenna cut in half with one end grounded.
Read in Antennas ↗A Radio
FREQUENCY (RF) AMPLIFIER uses FREQUENCY-DETERMINING NETWORKS to provide the required response at a given frequency.
Read in Video and RF Amplifiers ↗A Saturable
CORE REACTOR works upon the principle that increasing the current through a coil decreases the permeability of the core; the decreased permeability decreases the inductance of the coil which causes an increase in current (power) through the load.
Read in Special Amplifiers ↗A Series
FED, TUNED-COLLECTOR ARMSTRONG OSCILLATOR is illustrated in figure 2-9 , view (A).
Read in Oscillator circuits ↗A Short
CIRCUITED line affects voltage change differently from the way an open- circuited line affects it.
Read in Principles of Transmission Lines ↗A Snap
ACTING switch is a switch in which the movement of the switch mechanism (contacts) is relatively independent of the activating mechanism movement.
Read in Circuit Control Devices ↗A Solid
STATE DEVICE is nothing more than an electronic device, which operates by virtue of the movement of electrons within a solid piece of semiconductor material.
Read in Semiconductor Diodes ↗A Thermal
MAGNETIC TRIP ELEMENT combines the thermal and magnetic trip elements into a single unit.
Read in Circuit Protection Devices ↗A Trip
FREE circuit breaker will trip (open) even if the operating mechanism is held in the ON position.
Read in Circuit Protection Devices ↗A Watt
HOUR METER is basically a small motor whose instantaneous speed is proportional to the power through the motor.
Read in Circuit Measurement ↗Above
RESONANCE FREQUENCY WILL CAUSE THE CIRCUIT CHARACTERISTICS IN THE QUESTIONS TO RESPOND WHEN COMPARED TO THEIR VALUES AT RESONANCE.
Read in Module 9 Index ↗Acceptor Impurity
An impurity which, when added to a semiconductor, accepts one electron from a neighboring atom and creates a hole in the lattice structure of the crystal.
Read in Glossary ↗Accurate Snap
ACTING SWITCH is a snap-acting switch in which the operating point is pre-set and very accurately known.
Read in Circuit Control Devices ↗Actuator
The part of a switch that is acted upon to cause the switch to change contact connections; e.
Read in Glossary ↗Aii
1 APPENDIX II LAWS OF EXPONENTS The International Symbols Committee has adopted prefixes for denoting decimal multiples of units.
Read in Laws of Exponents ↗Alloyed Junction
A junction formed by recrystallization of a molten region of P-type material on an N-type substrate, or vice versa.
Read in Glossary ↗Alpha
The emitter-to-collector current gain in a common-base circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Aluminum Creep
The movement of aluminum wire away from a point where pressure is applied.
Read in Glossary ↗Ambient Temperature
The "surrounding temperature" - as the temperature surrounding a conductor in a compartment or within a piece of equipment.
Read in Glossary ↗American Wire Gauge (Awg)
The standards adopted in the United States for the measurement of wire sizes.
Read in Glossary ↗Ammeter
A meter used to measure current.
Read in Glossary ↗Ampere-Turn
The magnetomotive force developed by one ampere of current flowing through a coil of one turn.
Read in Glossary ↗Amplification
The ratio of output magnitude to input magnitude in a device that is intended to produce an output that is an enlarged reproduction of its input.
Read in Glossary ↗Amplification Factor
The voltage of an amplifier with no load on the output.
Read in Glossary ↗Amplifier
The device that provides amplification (the increase in current, voltage, or power of a signal) without appreciably altering the original signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Amplitude
The size of a signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Amplitude Distortion
Distortion that is present in an amplifier when the amplitude of the output signal fails to follow exactly any increase or decrease in the amplitude of the input signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Amplitude Stability
Amplitude stability refers to the ability of the oscillator to maintain a constant amplitude in the output waveform.
Read in Glossary ↗Anode
A positive electrode of an electrochemical device (such as a primary or secondary electric cell) toward which the negative ions are drawn.
Read in Glossary ↗Antiseize Compound
A silicon-based, high-temperature lubricant applied to threaded components to facilitate their removal after being subjected to rapid heating and cooling.
Read in Glossary ↗Arc Extinguisher
The part of a circuit breaker that confines and divides the arc that occurs when the contacts of the circuit breaker open.
Read in Glossary ↗Armature
In a relay, the movable portion of the relay.
Read in Glossary ↗Arsonval Meter Movement
A name used for the permanent-magnet moving-coil movement used in most meters.
Read in Glossary ↗Asbestos
A fiber-like mineral, noncombustible and nonconductive, used as an insulating material.
Read in Glossary ↗Assume The Flip
FLOP IS INITIALLY IN THE CLEAR STATE.
Read in Module 9 Index ↗Astable Multivibrator
A multivibrator which has no stable state.
Read in Glossary ↗Attenuation
The ability of a filter circuit to reduce the amplitude of unwanted frequencies to a level below that of the desired output frequency.
Read in Glossary ↗Audio Amplifier
An amplifier designed to amplify frequencies between 15 hertz (15 Hz) and 20 kilohertz (20 kHz).
Read in Glossary ↗Avalanche Effect
A reverse breakdown effect in diodes that occurs at reverse voltage beyond 5 volts.
Read in Glossary ↗B 2 2 2 3 1 Out
3 TOGGLE 150Vdc 5A C 2 2 1 3 1 OUT-3 ROCKER 115Vdc 10A D 1 2 1 3 1 OUT-3 TOGGLE 115Vdc 5A E 2 2 1 3 — OUT-3 ROCKER 150Vdc 10A F 2 2 1 3 1 OUT-3 TOGGLE 150Vdc 10A G 2 2 1 3 1 IN-3 TOGGLE 115Vdc 10A H 2 2 1 3 1 OUT-3 ROCKER 115Vdc 3A I 2 2 1 3 1 OUT-3 ROCKER 28Vdc 5A Table 3-1.
Read in Circuit Control Devices ↗Band
REJECT filters can be constructed.
Read in Tuned Circuits ↗Band-Reject Filter
Rejects the passage of current for a small band of frequencies.
Read in Glossary ↗Bandpass Filter
A filter which allows a narrow band of frequencies to pass through the circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Bandwidth
The difference between the highest usable frequency of a device (upper frequency limit) and the lowest usable frequency of the device (lower frequency limit)—measured at the half- power points.
Read in Glossary ↗Base
The element in a transistor that controls the flow of current carriers.
Read in Glossary ↗Base-To
COLLECTOR TEST /g3 /g21/g16/g22/g25/g3 Figure 2-19C.
Read in Transistors ↗Beta
The ratio of a change in collector current to a corresponding change in base current, when the collector voltage is constant in a common-emitter circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Bistable Multivibrator
A multivibrator that has two stable states.
Read in Glossary ↗Block Diagram
A diagram in which the major components of a piece of equipment or of a system are represented by squares, rectangles, or other geometric figures, and the normal flow of a signal or current is represented by lines.
Read in Glossary ↗Braid
The weaving of metal or cloth material as an outer coating to a cable; prevents cable damage from moisture and rough treatment.
Read in Glossary ↗Branch
An individual current path in a parallel circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Break
In a switch, the number of breaks refers to the number of points at which the switch opens the circuit; e.
Read in Glossary ↗Breakdown
The phenomenon occurring in a reverse-biased semiconductor diode.
Read in Glossary ↗Buffer Amplifier
An amplifier which isolates one circuit from another.
Read in Glossary ↗Burnishing Tool
A tool used to clean and polish contacts on a relay.
Read in Glossary ↗Bus Bar
A heavy cooper strap or bar used to connect several circuits together when a large current-carrying capacity is required.
Read in Glossary ↗Bypass Capacitor
A capacitor used to transfer unwanted signals out of a circuit; e.
Read in Glossary ↗C)
22 V dc; (D) 600 V ac; (E) 1.
Read in Circuit Measurement ↗Cable
Either a stranded conductor (single-conductor cable) or a combination of conductors insulated from one another (multiple-conductor cable).
Read in Glossary ↗Cable- And Wire
MARKING SYSTEMS Cables and wires are marked to give the technician a means of tracing them when troubleshooting and repairing electrical and electronic systems.
Read in Schematic Reading ↗Capacitive Reactance
The opposition, expressed in ohms, offered to the flow of an alternating current by capacitance.
Read in Glossary ↗Capacitor Filter
This filter is used on extremely high-voltage, low current power supplies and also where the ripple frequency is not critical.
Read in Glossary ↗Cathode
The negative terminal of a forward-biased semiconductor diode that is the source of the electrons.
Read in Glossary ↗Cb1
long time delay; CB2, CB3-short time delay; CB4 through CB10-instantaneous.
Read in Circuit Protection Devices ↗Center
FEED or CURRENT-FEED method.
Read in Antennas ↗Centimeter Cube
A unit of volume for large rectangular or square conductors.
Read in Glossary ↗Choke
An inductor used to impede the flow of pulsating dc or ac by means of self-inductance.
Read in Glossary ↗Circular Mil
The area of a circle having a diameter of 1 mil.
Read in Glossary ↗Circular-Mil-Foot
A unit of volume of a conductor having a cross-sectional area of 1 circular mil and a length of 1 foot.
Read in Glossary ↗Clamper
A circuit in which either the upper or lower extremity of a waveform is fixed at a desired value.
Read in Glossary ↗Class A Amplifier Operation
The amplifier is biased so that variations in input signal polarities occur within the limits of cutoff and saturation.
Read in Glossary ↗Class Ab Amplifier Operation
The amplifier is biased so that collector current is cut off for a portion of the alternation of the input signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Class B Amplifier Operation
The amplifier is biased so that collector current is cut off for one-half of the input signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Class C Amplifier Operation
The amplifier is biased so that collector current is cut off for more than one-half of the input signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Clip
TYPE FUSEHOLDER The clip-type fuseholder is used for cartridge fuses.
Read in Circuit Protection Devices ↗Closed
LOOP OPERATION OF AN OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER Operational amplifiers can have either a closed-loop operation or an open-loop operation.
Read in Special Amplifiers ↗Coaxial Cable
A cable made up of a center conductor separated from an outer conductor by a dielectric material.
Read in Glossary ↗Code-Graded Rubber
Code-graded rubber is the standard that the National Electrical Code (NEC) has adopted as the minimum requirements for rubber insulation as specified by Underwriters' Laboratories.
Read in Electrical Conductors ↗Collector
The element in a transistor which collects the current carriers.
Read in Glossary ↗Collector-To
EMITTER TEST Figure 2-19B.
Read in Transistors ↗Combination Peaking
A technique in which a combination of peaking coils in series and parallel (shunt) with the output signal path is used to improve high-frequency response.
Read in Glossary ↗Common
EMITTER configuration of a transistor amplifier has MEDIUM INPUT and MEDIUM OUTPUT IMPEDANCE.
Read in Amplifiers ↗Common Base
A transistor circuit in which the base electrode is the common element to both input and output circuits.
Read in Glossary ↗Common Collector
A transistor circuit configuration in which the collector is the common element to the input circuit and to the output circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Common Emitter
Circuit configuration in which the emitter is the element common to both the input and the output circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Compensation
The process of overcoming the problems associated with frequencies in an amplifier.
Read in Glossary ↗Complex Wave
A waveform other than a sine wave.
Read in Glossary ↗Compressed Air/Nitrogen Heating Tool
A portable source of heat for use with heat-shrinkable products.
Read in Glossary ↗Conductance
The ability of a material to conduct or carry an electric current.
Read in Glossary ↗Conduction Band
A partially filled energy band in which electrons can move freely.
Read in Glossary ↗Conduit
A tubular raceway, usually metal or plastic, for enclosing wires or cables.
Read in Glossary ↗Continuity
An uninterrupted, complete path for current.
Read in Glossary ↗Conventional Full
WAVE RECTIFIER Figure 4-9B.
Read in Solid-State Power Supplies ↗Copper-Versus
ALUMINUM CONDUCTORS Although silver is the best conductor, its cost limits its use to special circuits.
Read in Electrical Conductors ↗Corona
The discharge of electricity from a conductor with a high potential.
Read in Glossary ↗Counter
A circuit which counts input pulses.
Read in Glossary ↗Coupling
The process of transferring energy from one point in a circuit to another point or from one circuit to another.
Read in Glossary ↗Coupling Capacitor
A capacitor used to couple signals.
Read in Glossary ↗Covalent Bond
A type of linkage between atoms.
Read in Glossary ↗Crystal
CONTROLLED OSCILLATOR.
Read in Oscillators ↗Crystal Oven
Closed oven maintained at a constant temperature in which a crystal and its holder are enclosed to reduce frequency drift.
Read in Glossary ↗Current Rating
The safe current-carrying capacity of a wire or cable on a continuous basis.
Read in Glossary ↗Current Regulator
A circuit that provides a constant current output.
Read in Glossary ↗Damaged Resistors Or Capacitors
A resistor that is discolored or charred has been subjected to an overload.
Read in Solid-State Power Supplies ↗Damped Wave
A sinusoidal wave in which the amplitude steadily decreases with time.
Read in Glossary ↗Damping
The process of smoothing out oscillations.
Read in Glossary ↗Decoupling Capacitor
A capacitor used to transfer unwanted signals out of a circuit; e.
Read in Glossary ↗Degeneration
The process whereby a part of the output signal of an amplifying device is returned to its input circuit in such a manner that it tends to cancel part of the input.
Read in Glossary ↗Degenerative Feedback
Feedback in which the feedback signal is out of phase with the input signal, also called NEGATIVE FEEDBACK.
Read in Glossary ↗Depletion Region
The region in a semiconductor where essentially all free electrons and holes have been swept out by the electrostatic field that exists there.
Read in Glossary ↗Dielectric Strength
The ability of an insulator to withstand a potential difference without breaking down.
Read in Glossary ↗Differential
INPUT, DIFFERENTIAL-OUTPUT, DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER When a differential amplifier is connected with a differential input and a differential output, the full potential of the circuit is used.
Read in Special Amplifiers ↗Differential Amplifier
An amplifier with an output which is determined by the difference between two input signals and which can provide up to two output signals.
Read in Glossary ↗Diode
A two element solid-state device made of either germanium or silicon.
Read in Glossary ↗Direct
CURRENT RESTORER or a BASE-LINE STABILIZER.
Read in Wave Shaping ↗Direct Short
A connection between two points in a circuit, such as between a component and ground.
Read in Glossary ↗Discolored Or Leaking Transformer
This is a sure sign that there is a short somewhere.
Read in Solid-State Power Supplies ↗Distortion
Any unwanted change between an input signal and an output signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Donor
An impurity that can make a semiconductor material an N-type by donating extra "free" electrons to the conduction band.
Read in Glossary ↗Donor Impurity
See PENTAVALENT IMPURITY.
Read in Glossary ↗Doping
The process of adding impurities to semiconductor crystals to increase the number of free charges that can be moved by an external, applied voltage.
Read in Glossary ↗Driver
An electronic circuit that supplies the input to another circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Dual
DIODE LIMITER The last type of limiter to be discussed in this chapter is the DUAL-DIODE LIMITER, shown in figure 4-15, view (A).
Read in Wave Shaping ↗Dual-Gate Mosfet
A two-gate MOSFET in which either gate can control the conductor independently, a fact which makes this MOSFET very versatile.
Read in Glossary ↗Ductile
Easily drawn out-as to form filaments or wires.
Read in Glossary ↗Eccles
JORDAN circuit and, more commonly, the FLIP-FLOP circuit (figure 3-18).
Read in Waveforms and Wave Generators ↗Efficiency
The ratio of output-signal power compared to the total input power.
Read in Glossary ↗Electrical Symbols
Graphic symbols used to illustrate the various electrical or electronic components of a circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Electrodynamic Meter Movement
A meter movement using fixed field coils and a moving coil; usually used in wattmeters.
Read in Glossary ↗Electrolysis
The process of changing the chemical composition of a material by passing an electric current through it.
Read in Glossary ↗Electromagnetism
The relationship between magnetism and electricity.
Read in Glossary ↗Electrostatic Meter Movement
A meter movement that uses the electrostatic repulsion of two sets of charged plates (one fixed and the other movable).
Read in Glossary ↗Electrostatic Stress
The force exerted on an insulator by the voltage in a conductor.
Read in Glossary ↗Emitter
The element in a transistor that emits current carriers (electrons or holes).
Read in Glossary ↗Enamel
Synthetic compound of cellulose acetate (wood pulp and magnesium).
Read in Glossary ↗End
FEED or VOLTAGE-FEED method.
Read in Antennas ↗Extrinsic
A semiconductor in which impurities have been added to create certain charge carrier concentrations.
Read in Glossary ↗Extruded Polytetrafluoroethylene
A high-temperature insulation used extensively in aircraft and equipment installations.
Read in Glossary ↗Failure Analysis Of The Resistor
CAPACITOR (RC) FILTER.
Read in Solid-State Power Supplies ↗Feedback
The process of sending part of an output signal of an amplifier back to the input of the amplifier.
Read in Glossary ↗Ferrules
The cylindrical metallic ends of a cartridge fuse.
Read in Glossary ↗Fibrous Braid
An outer covering used to protect the insulating material of a conductor.
Read in Glossary ↗Fidelity
The faithful reproduction of a signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Field
EFFECT TRANSISTOR (FET).
Read in Special Devices ↗Field-Effect Transistor (Fet)
A transistor consisting of a source, a gate, and a drain.
Read in Glossary ↗Filter Circuit
Network of resistors, inductors, and/or capacitors which offers opposition to certain frequencies.
Read in Glossary ↗Fixed Bias
A constant value of bias voltage.
Read in Glossary ↗Flux
A material that removes oxides from surfaces to be joined by soldering or welding.
Read in Glossary ↗Flywheel Effect
The ability of a resonant circuit to operate continuously because of stored energy or energy pulses.
Read in Glossary ↗Forbidden Band
The energy band in an atom lying between the conduction band and the valence band.
Read in Glossary ↗Forward Bias
An external voltage that is applied to a PN junction in the conducting direction so that the junction offers only minimum resistance to the flow of current.
Read in Glossary ↗Four
ELEMENT ARRAY, and so on.
Read in Antennas ↗Free
RUNNING MULTIVIBRATOR.
Read in Waveforms and Wave Generators ↗Free Charges
Those electrons that can be moved by an externally applied voltage.
Read in Glossary ↗Frequency
DETERMINING DEVICE Figure 2-10C.
Read in Oscillator circuits ↗Frequency Cutoff
The frequency at which the filter circuit changes from an action of rejecting the unwanted frequencies to an action of passing the desired frequencies.
Read in Glossary ↗Frequency Meter
A meter used to measure the frequency of an ac signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Frequency Stability
Refers to the ability of an oscillator to accurately maintain its operating frequency.
Read in Glossary ↗Frequency-Determining Network
A circuit that provides the desired response (maximum or minimum impedance) at a specific frequency.
Read in Glossary ↗Frequency-Response Curve
A curve showing the output of an amplifier (or any other device) in terms of voltage or current plotted against frequency with a fixed-amplitude input signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Front-To
BACK RATIO is the ratio of the energy radiated in the principal direction compared to the energy radiated in the opposite direction for a given antenna.
Read in Antennas ↗Full
WAVE BRIDGE RECTIFIER Q11.
Read in Solid-State Power Supplies ↗Full-Wave Rectifier
A circuit that uses both positive and negative alternations in an alternating current to produce direct current.
Read in Glossary ↗Full-Wave Voltage Doubler
Consists of two full-wave voltage rectifiers and is used to reduce the output ripple frequency.
Read in Glossary ↗Fused
ALLOY junction, and is one of the most commonly used junctions.
Read in Semiconductor Diodes ↗Fused-Alloy Junction
See ALLOYED-JUNCTION.
Read in Glossary ↗Gain
BANDWIDTH PRODUCT (GAIN · BANDWIDTH = UNITY GAIN POINT).
Read in Special Amplifiers ↗Gain-Bandwidth Product
The number that results when the gain of a circuit is multiplied by the bandwidth of that circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Galena
A crystalline form of lead sulfide used in early radio receivers.
Read in Glossary ↗Galvanometer
A meter used to measure small values of current by electromagnetic or electrodynamics means.
Read in Glossary ↗Gamma
The emitter-to-base current ratio in a common-collector configuration.
Read in Glossary ↗Germanium
A grayish-white metal having semiconductor properties.
Read in Glossary ↗Grown Junction
A method of mixing P-type and N-type impurities into a single crystal while the crystal is being grown.
Read in Glossary ↗Half
WAVE RECTIFIER 4-5 Figure 4-3B.
Read in Solid-State Power Supplies ↗Half-Power Point
Point on either side of resonance curve at which the power is approximately 70 percent of the maximum value.
Read in Glossary ↗Half-Power Points
The points on a frequency-response curve at which the output power is one- half of the maximum power out.
Read in Glossary ↗Half-Wave Rectifier
A rectifier using only one-half of each cycle to change ac to pulsating dc.
Read in Glossary ↗Half-Wave Voltage Doubler
Consists of two half-wave voltage rectifiers.
Read in Glossary ↗Harmonic
Integral multiples of a fundamental frequency.
Read in Glossary ↗Heat Shunt
A device (preferably a clip-on type) used to absorb heat and protect heat-sensitive components during soldering.
Read in Glossary ↗Heat-Shrinkable Tubing
A plastic tube that, when heated, shrinks to encapsulate, protect, or insulate connections, splices, terminations, and other configurations.
Read in Glossary ↗High
FREQUENCY COMPENSATION—See peaking coil.
Read in Glossary ↗High-Pass Filter
A filter that passes a majority of the high frequencies on to the next circuit and rejects, or attenuates, the lower frequencies.
Read in Glossary ↗Hole Flow
In the valence band, a process of conduction in which electrons move into holes, thereby creating other holes that appear to move toward a negative potential.
Read in Glossary ↗Hook
ON TYPE VOLTAMMETER The hook-on ac ammeter consists essentially of a current transformer with a split core and a rectifier- type instrument connected to the secondary.
Read in Circuit Measurement ↗Hot
WIRE AND THERMOCOUPLE METER MOVEMENTS Hot-wire and thermocouple meter movements both use the heating effect of current flowing through a resistance to cause meter deflection.
Read in Circuit Measurement ↗Hot Wire Meter Movement
A meter movement that uses the expansion of a heated wire to move the pointer of a meter; measures dc or ac.
Read in Glossary ↗Hybrid Circuit
A circuit where passive components (resistors, capacitors) are deposited onto a substrate made of glass, ceramic, or other insulating material.
Read in Glossary ↗Ideal Series-Resonant Circuit
a circuit that really doesn't exist except for our purposes here.
Read in Tuned Circuits ↗Igfet
Any field-effect transistor that has an insulated gate.
Read in Glossary ↗Impedance
Total opposition to alternating current flow.
Read in Glossary ↗In A Parallel
LC CIRCUIT impedance is maximum and current is minimum.
Read in Tuned Circuits ↗In A Series
LC CIRCUIT impedance is minimum and current is maximum.
Read in Tuned Circuits ↗In Answering Question 1
6, REFER TO FIGURE 1A.
Read in Assignment 1 ↗In Answering Question 2
55, REFER TO FIGURE 2H.
Read in Module 8 Index ↗In Answering Question 3
26, REFER TO FIGURE 3-C.
Read in Module 7 Index ↗In Answering Question 4
16, REFER TO FIGURE 4A.
Read in Module 9 Index ↗In Answering Questions 1
4 THROUGH 1-6, REFER TO FIGURE 1-A.
Read in Module 3 Index ↗In Answering Questions 1-10 And 1
11, REFER TO FIGURE 1-B.
Read in Module 3 Index ↗In Answering Questions 1-18 And 1
19, REFER TO FIGURE 1D.
Read in Assignment 1 ↗In Answering Questions 1-23 And 1
24, REFER TO FIGURE 1-A.
Read in Module 7 Index ↗In Answering Questions 1-56 And 1
57, REFER TO FIGURE 1-C.
Read in Module 7 Index ↗In Answering Questions 2
8 THROUGH 2-13, REFER TO FIGURE 2-A.
Read in Module 3 Index ↗In Answering Questions 2-39 Through 2
45, REFER TO FIGURE 2A.
Read in Assignment 2 ↗In Answering Questions 2-46 And 2
47, REFER TO FIGURE 2B.
Read in Assignment 2 ↗In Answering Questions 3
3 THROUGH 3-5, MATCH THE SCHEMATIC SYMBOL SHOWN IN COLUMN B TO THE DEVICE LISTED IN COLUMN A.
Read in Module 3 Index ↗In Answering Questions 3-12 And 3
13, REFER TO FIGURE 3-A.
Read in Module 7 Index ↗In Answering Questions 3-36 And 3
37, REFER TO FIGURE 3-E.
Read in Module 7 Index ↗In Answering Questions 3-68 And 3
69, REFER TO FIGURE 3-G.
Read in Module 7 Index ↗In Answering Questions 4
12 AND 4-13, REFER TO FIGURE 4-A.
Read in Module 7 Index ↗In Questions 4-18 Through 4
22, MATCH THE LIMITER CIRCUIT IN COLUMN A TO THE CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION IN COLUMN B.
Read in Module 9 Index ↗In-Circuit Meter
A meter permanently installed in a circuit; used to monitor circuit operation.
Read in Glossary ↗Induced Channel Mosfet
A MOSFET in which there is no actual channel between the source and the drain.
Read in Glossary ↗Inductance
The properties of a circuit that tend to oppose any change in current flow.
Read in Glossary ↗Inductive Reactance
The opposition to the flow of an alternating current (expressed in ohms) caused by the inductance of a circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Infra
RED and ULTRA-VIOLET are invisible to the human eye.
Read in Wave Propagation ↗Insulation
Materials used to coat or wrap conductors to prevent current leakage.
Read in Glossary ↗Insulation Resistance
The resistance offered by an insulating material to current leakage.
Read in Glossary ↗Integrated Circuit
A circuit in which many elements are fabricated and interconnected by a single process (into a single chip), as opposed to a "nonintegrated" circuit in which the transistors, diodes, resistors, and other components are fabricated separately and then assembled.
Read in Glossary ↗Introduction To Solid
STATE DEVICES As you recall from previous studies in this series, semiconductors have electrical properties somewhere between those of insulators and conductors.
Read in Semiconductor Diodes ↗Isometric Diagram
A diagram showing the outline of a ship or aircraft or equipment, and the location of equipment and cable runs.
Read in Glossary ↗Junction Box
A box with a cover for joining different runs of wire or cable and for providing space for the connection and branching of the enclosed conductors.
Read in Glossary ↗Junction Diode
A two-terminal device containing a single crystal of semiconducting material, which ranges from P-type at one terminal to N-type at the other.
Read in Glossary ↗Junction Transistor
A bipolar transistor constructed from interacting PN junctions.
Read in Glossary ↗Knee Of The Curve
The point of maximum curvature.
Read in Glossary ↗Lacing Shuttle
A device upon which lacing may be wound to prevent fouling the tape or cord and facilitate the lacing process.
Read in Glossary ↗Latex Rubber
Latex rubber is a high-grade compound consisting of 90 percent unmilled grainless rubber.
Read in Electrical Conductors ↗Lc Capacitor-Input Filter
This is the most common type of filter.
Read in Glossary ↗Lc Choke-Input Filter
This filter is used in power supplies where voltage regulation is important and where the output current is relatively high and subject to varying load conditions.
Read in Glossary ↗Lead Sheath
A continuous jacket of lead molded around a single-conductor or multiple-conductor cable.
Read in Glossary ↗Light
EMITTING DIODE, FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR, etc.
Read in Semiconductor Diodes ↗Light-Emitting Diode (Led)
A PN junction diode that emits visible light when it is forward biased.
Read in Glossary ↗Limiter
A device which prevents (limits) a waveform from exceeding a specified value.
Read in Glossary ↗Linear
Having an output that varies in direct proportion to the input.
Read in Glossary ↗Loading Effect
The effect of a voltmeter upon the circuit being measured which results in an inaccurate measurement.
Read in Glossary ↗Low
PASS, HIGH-PASS, BANDPASS, AND BAND-REJECT filters.
Read in Tuned Circuits ↗Low-Pass Filter
A filter that passes a majority of the low frequencies on to the next circuit and rejects, or attenuates, the higher frequencies.
Read in Glossary ↗Lower-Frequency Cutoff
The lowest frequency a circuit will pass.
Read in Glossary ↗Lp-112
2345 UNCLASSIFIED ii UNCLASSIFIED Sailor’s Creed “I am a United States Sailor.
Read in Front Matter ↗Lp-146
0010, Bureau of Ships, Washington DC, March 1954 Electronic Installation and Maintenance Book, NAVSEA 0967-LP-000-0110, Naval Sea Systems Command, Washington, DC, September 1977.
Read in References ↗Lumped
IMPEDANCE TUNING, or LOADING.
Read in Antennas ↗Magnet Wire
Wire coated with an enamel insulation and used in coils, relays, transformers, motor windings, and so forth.
Read in Glossary ↗Magnetic Amplifier (Mag Amp)
An amplifier that uses electromagnetic effects to provide amplification of a signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Magnetic Trip Element
A circuit breaker trip element that uses the increasing magnetic attraction of a coil with increased current to open the circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Majority Carriers
The mobile charge carriers (holes or electrons) that are predominate in a semiconductor material; for example, electrons in an N-type region.
Read in Glossary ↗Megger
Common name for a megohmmeter.
Read in Glossary ↗Megohmmeter
A meter that measures very large values of resistance; usually used to check for insulation breakdown in wires.
Read in Glossary ↗Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field
EFFECT TRANSISTOR—See MOSFET.
Read in Glossary ↗Metallic Armor
A protective covering for wires or cables.
Read in Glossary ↗Metallic Rectifier
Also known as a DRY-DISC RECTIFIER.
Read in Glossary ↗Meter
A device used to measure an electrical quantity; e.
Read in Glossary ↗Meter Movement
The part of a meter that moves.
Read in Glossary ↗Microelectronics
The solid-state concept of electronics in which compact semiconductor materials are designed to function as an entire circuit or subassembly rather than as circuit components.
Read in Glossary ↗Mil
The diameter of a conductor equal to 1/1000th (.
Read in Glossary ↗Mil-Foot
A unit of measurement for conductors.
Read in Glossary ↗Mil-Std-188
112, Department of Defense, Washington, DC, August 1983.
Read in References ↗Military Specifications (Mil-Spec)
Technical requirements and standards adopted by the Department of Defense, which are to be met by vendors selling materials to DOD.
Read in Glossary ↗Minority Carriers
Either electrons or holes, whichever is the less dominant carrier in a semiconductor device.
Read in Glossary ↗Minority Current
A very small current that passes through the base-to-collector junction when this junction is reverse biased.
Read in Glossary ↗Modular Circuitry
A technique where printed circuit boards are stacked and connected together to form a module.
Read in Glossary ↗Monolithic Circuit
A circuit where all elements (resistors, transistors, etc.
Read in Glossary ↗Monostable Multivibrator
A multivibrator which has one steady state.
Read in Glossary ↗Mosfet
A semiconductor device that contains diffused source and drain regions on either side of a P- or N-channel area.
Read in Glossary ↗Moving
VANE METER MOVEMENTS The moving-vane meter movement (sometimes called the moving-iron movement) is the most commonly used movement for ac meters.
Read in Circuit Measurement ↗Moving-Iron Meter Movement
Same as moving-vane meter movement.
Read in Glossary ↗Moving-Vane Meter Movement
A meter movement that uses the magnetic repulsion of the like poles created in iron vanes by current through a coil of wire; most commonly used movement for ac meters.
Read in Glossary ↗Multiconductor
More than one conductor.
Read in Glossary ↗Multimeter
A single meter combining the functions of an ammeter, a voltmeter, and an ohmmeter.
Read in Glossary ↗Multivibrator
A form of relaxation oscillator which comprises two stages that are coupled so that the input of one is derived from the output of the other.
Read in Glossary ↗Natural Frequency
See Resonance Frequency.
Read in Glossary ↗Navair 01-1A
505, Naval Air Systems Command, Washington, DC, June 1988.
Read in References ↗Navsea 0967-Lp-000
0120, Electronics Circuits.
Read in Amplifiers ↗Neets Module 10
Wave Propagation, Transmission Lines, and Antennas UNCLASSIFIED 4-1 UNCLASSIFIED 4 ANTENNAS LEARNING OBJECTIVES After you finish this chapter, you should be able to do the following: 1.
Read in Antennas ↗Negative
DIODE CLAMPERS Figure 4-21, view (A), illustrates the circuit of a negative-diode clamper.
Read in Wave Shaping ↗Negative Clamper
The upper extremity of the output waveshape is clamped to a dc potential of 0 volts.
Read in Glossary ↗Negative Feedback
Feedback in which the feedback signal is out of phase with the input signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Negative Half
CYCLE Since practical values of C1 and RL ensure a more or less gradual decrease of the discharge voltage, a substantial charge remains on the capacitor at the time of the next half cycle of operation.
Read in Solid-State Power Supplies ↗Negative Temperature Coefficient
A characteristic of a semiconductor material, such as silver sulfide, in which resistance to electrical current flow decreases as temperature increases.
Read in Glossary ↗Neutralization
The process of counteracting or "neutralizing" the effects of interelectrode capacitance.
Read in Glossary ↗Nonlinear
Having an output that does not rise or fall directly with the input.
Read in Glossary ↗Nontrip
FREE circuit breaker would be used for emergency or essential equipment circuits.
Read in Circuit Protection Devices ↗Nontrip-Free Circuit Breaker
A circuit breaker that can be held ON during an overcurrent condition.
Read in Glossary ↗Npn
An NPN transistor is formed by introducing a thin region of P-type material between two regions of N-type material.
Read in Glossary ↗Ohmmeter
A meter used to measure resistance.
Read in Glossary ↗One
SHOT MULTIVIBRATOR) is a square- or rectangular-wave generator with just one stable condition.
Read in Waveforms and Wave Generators ↗Open
ENDED line and other times as a SHORT-CIRCUIT at the receiving end.
Read in Principles of Transmission Lines ↗Operational Amplifier (Op Amp)
An amplifier designed to perform computing or transfer operations and which has the following characteristics: (1) very high gain, (2) very high input impedance, and (3) very low out put impedance.
Read in Glossary ↗Optical Coupler
A coupler composed of an LED and a photodiode and contained in a light-conducting medium.
Read in Glossary ↗Optoelectronic Devices
Devices that either produce or use light in their operation.
Read in Glossary ↗Or Corroded Connection
Any connection that is not in good condition is a trouble spot.
Read in Solid-State Power Supplies ↗Oscillator
An oscillator is a nonrotating device which produces alternating current.
Read in Glossary ↗Out-Of
CIRCUIT METERS In troubleshooting, it is usually necessary to use a meter that can be connected to the electrical or electronic equipment at various testing points and may be moved from one piece of equipment to another.
Read in Circuit Measurement ↗Out-Of-Circuit Meter
A meter which is not permanently installed in a circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Over
COUPLING In view (A) the transformer is loosely coupled; the frequency response curve shows a narrow bandwidth.
Read in Video and RF Amplifiers ↗Overdriven
When the input signal amplitude is increased to the point that the transistor goes into saturation and cutoff.
Read in Glossary ↗Oxidation
The addition of atmospheric oxygen to metal to form rust, or to cause a breakdown in the internal construction of the metal.
Read in Glossary ↗Parallax Error
The error in meter readings that results when you look at a meter from some position other than directly in line with the pointer and meter face.
Read in Glossary ↗Parallel
LINE, TWISTED PAIR, SHIELDED PAIR, COAXIAL LINE, and WAVEGUIDES.
Read in Principles of Transmission Lines ↗Parallel Limiter
A resistor and diode connected in series with the input signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Parallel-Negative Limiter
A resistor and diode connected in series with the input signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Parallel-Positive Limiter
A resistor and diode connected in series with the input signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Parallel-Resonant Circuit
A resonant circuit in which the source voltage is connected across a parallel circuit (formed by a capacitor and an inductor) to furnish a high impedance to the frequency at which the circuit is resonant.
Read in Glossary ↗Peaking Coil
An inductor used in an amplifier to provide high-frequency compensation which extends the high-frequency response of the amplifier.
Read in Glossary ↗Pentavalent Impurity
A type of impurity which contains five valence electrons and donates one electron to the doped material.
Read in Glossary ↗Periodic Wave
A waveform that undergoes a pattern of changes, returns to its original pattern, and then repeats the same pattern of changes.
Read in Glossary ↗Permanent
MAGNET MOVING-COIL meter movement (d’ Arsonval movement) uses the interaction of magnetic fields to produce movement.
Read in Circuit Measurement ↗Permanent-Magnet Moving
COIL MOVEMENT The compass and conducting wire meter can be considered a fixed-conductor moving-magnet device since the compass is, in reality, a magnet that is allowed to move.
Read in Circuit Measurement ↗Permeability
The measure of the ability of a material to act as a path for additional magnetic lines of force.
Read in Glossary ↗Petroleum Abrasive Compound
A compound that causes a grinding action during the crimping operation and removes the oxide film from the aluminum.
Read in Glossary ↗Phase
SHIFT oscillator is shown in figure 2-17.
Read in Oscillators ↗Phase Splitter
A device that provides two output signals from a single input signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Photocell
A light-controlled variable resistor that has a light-to-dark resistance ratio of 1:1000.
Read in Glossary ↗Photodiode
A light-controlled variable resistor.
Read in Glossary ↗Phototransistor
An optoelectronic device that conducts current when exposed to light.
Read in Glossary ↗Photovoltaic Cell (Solar Cell)
A device that acts much like a battery when exposed to light and converts light energy into electrical energy.
Read in Glossary ↗Pictorial Diagram
A diagram showing pictorial sketches of the parts of a piece of equipment and the electrical connections between the parts.
Read in Glossary ↗Plug
TYPE FUSE The plug-type fuse is constructed so that it can be screwed into a socket mounted on a control panel or electrical distribution center.
Read in Circuit Protection Devices ↗Point
CONTACT type of construction is shown.
Read in Semiconductor Diodes ↗Point Bender
A tool used to adjust the contact spacing on a relay.
Read in Glossary ↗Point-Contact Transistor
A semiconductor diode that can work with and amplify the ultrahigh frequencies used in radar.
Read in Glossary ↗Polar
COORDINATE GRAPH for the same isotropic source.
Read in Antennas ↗Pole
(1) One end of a magnet.
Read in Glossary ↗Pole Piece
A piece of ferromagnetic material used to control the distribution of magnetic lines of force; i.
Read in Glossary ↗Positive
DIODE CLAMPERS Figure 4-18, view (A), illustrates the circuit of a positive-diode clamper.
Read in Wave Shaping ↗Positive Clamper
The lower extremity of the output waveshape is clamped to a dc potential of 0 volts.
Read in Glossary ↗Positive Feedback
Feedback in which the feedback signal is in phase with the input signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Positive Half
CYCLE 4-20 Figure 4-17B.
Read in Solid-State Power Supplies ↗Positive Temperature Coefficient
The characteristic of a conductor in which the resistance increases as temperature increases.
Read in Glossary ↗Post
TYPE FUSEHOLDERS Post-type fuseholders are made for cartridge fuses.
Read in Circuit Protection Devices ↗Power Amplifier
An amplifier in which the output-signal power is greater than the input-signal power.
Read in Glossary ↗Power Loss
The electrical power supplied to a circuit that does no work, usually dissipated as heat.
Read in Glossary ↗Power Supply
A unit that supplies electrical power to another unit.
Read in Glossary ↗Printed Circuit Board
A flat insulating surface upon which printed wiring and miniaturized components are connected in a predetermined design and attached to a common base.
Read in Glossary ↗Pulse
Signal characterized by a rapid rise and decay from an initial level.
Read in Glossary ↗Pulse Oscillator
A sine-wave oscillator that is turned on and off at specific times.
Read in Glossary ↗Pulse-Repetition Frequency (Prf)
The number of times in 1 second that a waveform repeats itself.
Read in Glossary ↗Pulse-Repetition Rate (Prr)
Same as Pulse-Repetition Frequency (prf).
Read in Glossary ↗Push
PULL AMPLIFIERS One use of phase splitters is to provide input signals to a single-stage amplifier that uses two transistors.
Read in Amplifiers ↗Push-Pull Amplifier
An amplifler which uses two transistors (or electron tubes) whose output signals are combined to provide a larger gain (usually a power gain) than a single transistor (or electron tube) can provide.
Read in Glossary ↗Quantum
MECHANICAL TUNNELING.
Read in Special Devices ↗Quantum-Mechanical Tunneling
When an electron is able to cross a PN junction because of tunnel effect.
Read in Glossary ↗Quarter
WAVE or Marconi antenna.
Read in Antennas ↗Quiescence
The operating condition of a circuit when no input signal is being applied to the circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Quiescent State
Time during which a tube or transistor of an electrical circuit is not performing its active function.
Read in Glossary ↗Radio
FREQUENCY AMPLIFIERS Now that you have seen the way in which a broadband, or video, amplifier can be constructed, you may be wondering about radio-frequency (rf) amplifiers.
Read in Video and RF Amplifiers ↗Ranges
The several upper limits a meter will measure as selectable by a switch or by jacks; e.
Read in Glossary ↗Rc Constant
Time constant of a resistor-capacitor circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Rc Differentiator
An RC circuit in which the output is taken from the resistor.
Read in Glossary ↗Rc Filter
This filter is used in applications where load current is low and constant, and voltage regulation is not necessary.
Read in Glossary ↗Rc Integrator
An RC circuit in which the output is taken from the capacitor.
Read in Glossary ↗Rc Network
A circuit containing resistances and capacitances arranged in a particular manner to perform a specific function.
Read in Glossary ↗Rc Oscillator
An oscillator in which the frequency is determined by resistive and capacitive elements.
Read in Glossary ↗Reading Amplifier Frequency
RESPONSE CURVES Figure 2-2 shows the frequency-response curves for four different amplifiers.
Read in Video and RF Amplifiers ↗Receiver
in this case, the human ear.
Read in Wave Propagation ↗Receptivity
The reciprocal of conductivity.
Read in Glossary ↗Rectifier
A device which, by its conduction characteristics, converts alternating current to a pulsating direct current.
Read in Glossary ↗Regenerative Feedback
Feedback in which the feedback signal is in phase with the input signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Regulator
The section in a basic power supply that maintains the output of the power supply at a constant level in spite of large changes in load current or in input line voltage.
Read in Glossary ↗Relay
An electromagnetic device with one or more sets of contacts which changes position by the magnetic attraction of a coil to an armature.
Read in Glossary ↗Reluctance
The resistance of a magnetic path to the flow of magnetic lines of force through it.
Read in Glossary ↗Resistive
CAPACITIVE (RC) FEEDBACK OSCILLATOR As mentioned earlier, resistive-capacitive (RC) networks provide regenerative feedback and determine the frequency of operation in RESISTIVE-CAPACITIVE (RC) OSCILLATORS.
Read in Oscillators ↗Resonance
The condition in a circuit containing inductance and capacitance in which the inductive reactance is equal and opposite to the capacitive reactance.
Read in Glossary ↗Resonant Circuit
A circuit that contains both inductance and capacitance and is resonant at one frequency (XL = XC).
Read in Glossary ↗Resonant Frequency
That frequency in a given resonant circuit at which the inductive and capacitive values are equal and cancel each other.
Read in Glossary ↗Reverse Bias
When an external voltage is applied to a PN junction and the junction offers a high resistance to current flow.
Read in Glossary ↗Rf (Radio Frequency) Amplifier
An amplifier designed to amplify signals with frequencies between 10 kilohertz (10 kHz) and 100,000 megahertz (100,000 MHz).
Read in Glossary ↗Rf (Radio Frequency) Transformer
A transformer specially designed for use with rf (radio frequencies).
Read in Glossary ↗Rheostat
(1) A resistor whose value can be varied.
Read in Glossary ↗Rho
Greek letter “rho” (ρ).
Read in Glossary ↗Ripple Frequency
The frequency of the ripple current.
Read in Glossary ↗Ripple Voltage
The alternating component of unidirectional voltage.
Read in Glossary ↗Rl Differentiator
An RL circuit in which the output is taken from the inductor.
Read in Glossary ↗Rl Integrator
An RL circuit in which the output is taken from the resistor.
Read in Glossary ↗Rlc
circuits at resonance is given in table 1-1.
Read in Tuned Circuits ↗Rotary Switch
A multicontact switch with contacts arranged in a circular or semi-circular manner.
Read in Glossary ↗Saturable
CORE REACTOR or SATURABLE REACTOR.
Read in Special Amplifiers ↗Saturable-Core Reactor
A coil whose reactance is controlled by changing the permeability of the core.
Read in Glossary ↗Saturation (Magnetic Core)
The condition in which a magnetic material has reached a maximum flux density and the permeability has decreased to a value of (approximately) 1.
Read in Glossary ↗Sawtooth
and TRAPEZOIDAL-WAVE GENERATORS.
Read in Waveforms and Wave Generators ↗Schematic
A diagram that shows, in graphic symbols, the electrical connections and functions of a specific circuit arrangement.
Read in Glossary ↗Selectivity
The ability of a circuit to discriminate between frequencies.
Read in Glossary ↗Selenium
A chemical element which has rectification and light-sensitive properties that make it widely used as a semiconductor material.
Read in Glossary ↗Sensitivity
(1) For an ammeter: the amount of current that will cause full-scale deflection of the meter.
Read in Glossary ↗Series
FED By modifying the circuit slightly, it becomes a SHUNT-FED, TUNED-COLLECTOR ARMSTRONG OSCILLATOR as shown in view (B).
Read in Oscillator circuits ↗Series Limiter
The diode is connected in series with the output and the output is taken across the resistor.
Read in Glossary ↗Series Peaking
A technique used to improve high-frequency response in which a peaking coil is placed in series with the output signal path.
Read in Glossary ↗Series Voltage Regulator
A regulator with a regulating device that is in series with the load resistance.
Read in Glossary ↗Series-Fed Oscillator
An oscillator in which dc power is supplied to the amplifier through the tank circuit or a portion of the tank circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Series-Negative Limiter
The diode is connected in series with the output and the output is taken across the resistor.
Read in Glossary ↗Series-Parallel Circuit
A circuit in which two or more parallel or series combinations are in series with each other.
Read in Glossary ↗Series-Positive Limiter
The diode is connected in series with the output and the output is taken across a resistor.
Read in Glossary ↗Series-Resonant Circuit
A resonant circuit in which the source voltage is connected in series with a capacitor and an inductor (also in series) to furnish a low impedance at the frequency at which the circuit is resonant.
Read in Glossary ↗Shaping Circuit
A circuit which alters the shapes of input waveforms.
Read in Glossary ↗Short
CIRCUITED line, the current is reflected back with the same amplitude, and polarity.
Read in Principles of Transmission Lines ↗Short Circuit
An unintentional current path between two components in a circuit or between a component and ground which is usually caused by a malfunction in the circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Shorts
Any terminal or connection that is close to the chassis or to any other terminal should be examined for the possibility of a short.
Read in Solid-State Power Supplies ↗Shunt
FED The function of an oscillator is to produce a sinusoidal waveshape of a specific frequency and amplitude.
Read in Oscillator circuits ↗Shunt Peaking
A technique used to improve high-frequency response in which a peaking coil is placed in parallel (shunt) with the output signal path.
Read in Glossary ↗Shunt Resistor
A resistor in parallel.
Read in Glossary ↗Shunt Voltage Regulator
A regulator whose regulating device is in parallel with the load resistance.
Read in Glossary ↗Shunt-Fed Oscillator
An oscillator which receives its dc power for the transistor or tube through a path both separate from and parallel to the tank circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Signal
A general term used to describe any a.
Read in Glossary ↗Silicon
A metallic element which, in its pure state, is used as a semiconductor.
Read in Glossary ↗Silicon-Controlled Rectifier (Scr)
A semiconductor device that functions as an electrically controlled switch.
Read in Glossary ↗Silicone
Silicone is a rubber compound that does not carry the "R" designator for many of its applications.
Read in Electrical Conductors ↗Sine
WAVE OSCILLATOR RC networks, LC tanks, and crystals may appear in sine-wave oscillator circuits.
Read in Oscillators ↗Single
STAGE AUDIO AMPLIFIERS The first single-stage audio amplifier is shown in figure 1-23.
Read in Amplifiers ↗Single-Line Diagram
A diagram that shows, in single lines and graphic symbols, the course of an electric circuit or system of circuits and the component devices or parts used in the circuit(s).
Read in Glossary ↗Smoking Parts
If any part smokes or if you hear any boiling or sputtering sounds, remove the power immediately.
Read in Solid-State Power Supplies ↗Snap-Acting
Changing position quickly with the aid of a spring.
Read in Glossary ↗Soldering
The joining of metals with a higher melting point than solder.
Read in Glossary ↗Solenoid
An electromagnetic device that changes electrical energy into mechanical motion; based upon the attraction of a movable iron plunger to the core of an electromagnet.
Read in Glossary ↗Solid
STATE LC OSCILLATORS As you have just studied, a basic oscillator can be broken down into three main sections: a frequency-determining device, an amplifier, and a feedback circuit.
Read in Oscillators ↗Solid-State Device
An electronic device which operates by the movement of electrons within a solid piece of semiconductor material.
Read in Glossary ↗Source
a bell in this illustration.
Read in Wave Propagation ↗Spaghetti Tubing
(See TRANSPARENT TUBING.
Read in Glossary ↗Sparking
Tap or shake the chassis.
Read in Solid-State Power Supplies ↗Specific Resistance
The resistance, measured in ohms, of a unit volume of a substance to the flow of electric current.
Read in Glossary ↗Splice
A joint formed by connecting two or more conductors.
Read in Glossary ↗Square Mil
The area of a square, the sides of which are each equal to 1 mil.
Read in Glossary ↗Stage
One of a series of circuits within a single device; e.
Read in Glossary ↗Standing
WAVE RATIO The measurement of standing waves on a transmission line yields information about equipment operating conditions.
Read in Principles of Transmission Lines ↗Steel Tape
A second type of metallic armor is steel tape.
Read in Electrical Conductors ↗Step
UP transformer; view B shows a STEP-DOWN transformer; and, view C shows a STEP-UP, CENTER-TAPPED transformer.
Read in Solid-State Power Supplies ↗Step-By
STEP (STEP) COUNTER is used as a voltage multiplier when a stepped voltage must be provided to any device which requires such an input.
Read in Wave Shaping ↗Step-By-Step-Counter
A counter which provides an output for each cycle of the input in one- step increments.
Read in Glossary ↗Stranded Conductor
A conductor composed of a group of wires.
Read in Glossary ↗Strands
Fine metallic filaments twisted together to form a single wire.
Read in Glossary ↗Swamping Resistor
A resistor used to increase or "broaden" the bandwidth of a circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Switch
A device used to open or close a circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗T0
T8), you will see that the output of the circuit remains at a constant zero.
Read in Special Amplifiers ↗Tank Circuit
A tuned circuit used to temporarily store energy.
Read in Glossary ↗Temperature Coefficient Of Resistance
The amount of increase in the resistance of a 1-ohm sample of a conductor per each degree of rise in temperature above 0º C.
Read in Glossary ↗Tensile Strength
The greatest stress a substance can withstand along its length without tearing apart.
Read in Glossary ↗Terminal
A point of connection for two or more conductors in an electrical circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Terminal Board
(Also called a terminal strip.
Read in Glossary ↗Terminal Diagram
A diagram of a switch, relay, terminal board, or other component showing the connections to the equipment.
Read in Glossary ↗Terminal Lug
A device attached to a conductor for connecting to a terminal.
Read in Glossary ↗Test Equipment
A general term applied to devices used to test electrical and electronic circuits.
Read in Glossary ↗The Frequency
RESPONSE CURVE FROM WHICH YOU SHOULD SELECT ANSWERS TO THE QUESTIONS.
Read in Module 9 Index ↗The Ideal Series
RESONANT CIRCUIT The ideal series-resonant circuit contains no resistance; it consists of only inductance and capacitance in series with each other and with the source voltage.
Read in Tuned Circuits ↗The Two
INPUT, SINGLE-OUTPUT, DIFFERENCE AMPLIFIER If you combine the common-base and common-emitter configurations into a single transistor amplifier, you will have a circuit like the one shown in figure 3-2.
Read in Special Amplifiers ↗Thermal
MAGNETIC TRIP ELEMENT The thermal trip element circuit breaker, like a delay fuse, will protect a circuit against a small overload that continues for a long time.
Read in Circuit Protection Devices ↗Thermal Inertia
The capacity of a soldering iron to generate and maintain a satisfactory soldering temperature while giving up heat to the material being soldered.
Read in Glossary ↗Thermal Runaway
A conduction that exists when heat causes more electron-hole pairs to be generated; which, in turn, causes more heat and may eventually cause diode destruction.
Read in Glossary ↗Thermal Trip Element
A circuit breaker trip element that uses the increased bending of a bimetallic strip caused by increased current to open a circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Thermal-Magnetic Trip Element
A single circuit breaker trip element that combines the action of a thermal and a magnetic trip element.
Read in Glossary ↗Thermistor
A semiconductor device whose resistance varies with temperature.
Read in Glossary ↗Thermocouple Meter Movement
A meter movement that uses the current induced in a thermocouple by the heating of a resistive element to measure the current in a circuit; used to measure ac or dc.
Read in Glossary ↗Thermoplastic
A synthetic mixture of rosins that is flexible and used as an insulating material.
Read in Glossary ↗Three
LEGGED and TOROIDAL saturable-core reactors solve the problem of load flux aiding and opposing control flux during alternate half cycles of the a.
Read in Special Amplifiers ↗Throw
In a switch, the number of different circuits each pole can control; e.
Read in Glossary ↗Tickler Coil
Small coil connected in series with the collector or plate circuit of a transistor or tube and inductively coupled to a base or grid-circuit coil to establish feedback or regeneration.
Read in Glossary ↗Time
BASE GENERATORS Radar sets, oscilloscopes, and computer circuits all use sawtooth (voltage or current) waveforms.
Read in Waveforms and Wave Generators ↗Time Constant
Time required for an exponential quantity to change by an amount equal to .
Read in Glossary ↗Tinning
The process of applying a thin coat of solder to materials prior to their being soldered (for example, application of a light coat of solder to the filaments of a conductor to hold the filaments in place prior to soldering the conductor).
Read in Glossary ↗To Answer Questions 1
48 THROUGH 1-50, SELECT FROM COLUMN B THE CIRCUIT WHICH DESCRIBES THE CIRCUIT OPERATION IN COLUMN A.
Read in Module 9 Index ↗To Answer Questions 1-53 And 1
54, SELECT FROM FIGURE 1G THE CIRCUIT DIAGRAM WHICH MATCHES THE CIRCUIT NAME IN EACH QUESTION.
Read in Module 9 Index ↗To Answer Questions 2
27 THROUGH 2-29, SELECT THE CONFIGURATIONS IN COLUMN B THAT MATCH THE AMPLIFIER CHARACTERISTICS IN COLUMN A.
Read in Module 9 Index ↗Toxic Vapors
Vapors emitted by a substance that can do bodily harm.
Read in Glossary ↗Transformer Secondary (Point A
POINT B) HAS AN RMS VALUE OF 480 VOLTS AC.
Read in Module 7 Index ↗Transistor
A semiconductor device with three or more elements.
Read in Glossary ↗Transparent Tubing
(Also known as spaghetti tubing.
Read in Glossary ↗Triac
A three-terminal device that is similar to two SCRs back to back with a common gate and common terminals.
Read in Glossary ↗Trigger
Short pulse, either positive or negative, which can be used to cause an electrical function to take place.
Read in Glossary ↗Trip-Element
The part of a circuit breaker that senses any overload condition and causes the circuit breaker to open the circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Trip-Free Circuit Breaker
A circuit breaker that will open a circuit even if the operating 5 mechanism is held in the ON position.
Read in Glossary ↗Trip-Free/Nontrip
FREE CIRCUIT BREAKERS Circuit breakers are classified as being trip free or nontrip free.
Read in Circuit Protection Devices ↗Trivalent Impurity
Acceptor impurities containing only three valence electrons.
Read in Glossary ↗Troubleshooting
The process of locating and repairing faults in electrical or electronic equipment.
Read in Glossary ↗Tuned Circuit
An LC circuit used as frequency-determining network.
Read in Glossary ↗Tunnel Diode
A heavily doped semiconductor device that has high gain and fast switching capabilities.
Read in Glossary ↗Two
PHASE SYSTEM WATT-HOUR METER The watt-hour meter is an instrument for measuring energy.
Read in Circuit Measurement ↗Typical Video
AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT There are many different ways in which video amplifiers can be built.
Read in Video and RF Amplifiers ↗Unijunction Transistor (Ujt)
A three-terminal, solid-state device that resembles a transistor but is stable over a wide range of temperatures and allows a reduction of components when used in place of a transistor.
Read in Glossary ↗Unit Size
The standards adopted to make comparisons between things of like value (for example, the unit size for conductors is the mil-foot).
Read in Glossary ↗Upper
FREQUENCY RESPONSE of an amplifier is limited by the inductance and capacitance of the circuit.
Read in Video and RF Amplifiers ↗Upper-Frequency Cutoff
The highest frequency a circuit can pass.
Read in Glossary ↗Varactor
A diode that behaves like a variable capacitor, with the PN junction functioning like the dielectric and the plates of a common capacitor.
Read in Glossary ↗Varnished Cambric
Cotton cloth coated with insulation varnish.
Read in Glossary ↗Video Amplifier
An amplifier designed to amplify the entire band of frequencies from 10 hertz (10 Hz) to six megahertz (6 MHz).
Read in Glossary ↗Virtual Ground
A point in a circuit which is at ground potential (0 V) but is not connected to ground.
Read in Glossary ↗Voltage Amplifier
An amplifier in which the output-signal voltage is greater than the input- signal voltage.
Read in Glossary ↗Voltage Drop
The difference in voltage between two points.
Read in Glossary ↗Voltage Gain
Ratio of voltage across a specified load.
Read in Glossary ↗Voltage Multipliers
Methods of increasing voltages used primarily where low current is required.
Read in Glossary ↗Voltmeter
A meter used to measure voltage.
Read in Glossary ↗Wafer Switch
A rotary switch in which the contacts are arranged on levels.
Read in Glossary ↗Watt-Hour Meter
A meter used to measure electrical energy.
Read in Glossary ↗Wattmeter
A meter used to measure electrical power.
Read in Glossary ↗Wide-Band Amplifier
An amplifier designed to pass an extremely wide band of frequencies, i.
Read in Glossary ↗Wire
A solid or stranded group of solid, cylindrical conductors having low resistance to current flow, with an associated insulation.
Read in Glossary ↗Wire Armor
Wire armor is a layer of wound metal wire wrapped around the cable.
Read in Electrical Conductors ↗Wire Strippers
A tool used to strip insulation from wire.
Read in Glossary ↗Wire-Braid Armor
Wire-braid armor (view A of figure 1-17 ), also known as basket-weave armor, is used when light and flexible protection is needed.
Read in Electrical Conductors ↗Wiring Diagram
A diagram that shows the connections for an installation or for its component devices or parts.
Read in Glossary ↗Zener Diode
A PN-junction diode designed to operate in the reverse-bias breakdown region.
Read in Glossary ↗Zener Effect
A reverse breakdown effect in diodes in which breakdown occurs at reverse voltages below 5 volts.
Read in Glossary ↗