A 1
in2 column of mercury, 29.
Read in Fluid Mechanics, Sound, and the Atmosphere ↗Reference index / Glossary
Reference tool
Technical glossary
Definitions collected from the published source material. Search by term or concept, then jump to the chapter where it appears.
A 10
volt alternator capable of supplying 10 amperes of current would be rated at 100 volt-amperes.
Read in Alternating Current Generators ↗A 100
hour inspection is similar in content to an annual inspection, but it can be conducted by an aircraft mechanic who holds an Airframe and Powerplant rating, but does not have an Inspection Authorization.
Read in Chapter 13 — Abnormal and Emergency Procedures — Part 3 ↗A 12
pole, 4,000 rpm alternator has a frequency of: = 400 cps12 × 4,000 120 Starter Generator Many turbine-powered aircraft use a starter generator that acts like a starter during the start of the engine and when the engine is online it acts like a Generator.
Read in Alternator Frequency, Ratings, and Maintenance ↗A 15
ppm test is available for turbine engine fuel.
Read in Fuel System Maintenance and Safety ↗A 150
watt lamp, for example, uses 150 watts when operated at the specified voltage printed on the bulb.
Read in Direct Current ↗A 2
inch strip of breather cloth is placed around the repair or part (edge breather).
Read in Composite Layups and Curing ↗A 20
mm diameter mandrel is typically used for 62.
Read in Fiber Optic Measurement Techniques ↗A 200
foot tow line hangs down behind the tow plane at a 30- to 40-degree angle.
Read in Chapter 12 — Towing — Part 2 ↗A 24
volt DC input voltage is supplied to the input receptacle of the exciter unit.
Read in Turbine Engine Ignition Systems ↗A 28
volt landing light circuit has a lamp with 4 ohms of resistance.
Read in Aircraft Electrical System Fundamentals ↗A 3
ring release handle with yellow Lolon cable needs oiling.
Read in Chapter 4 — Part 3 ↗A 3/4
hp motor operates 8 hours a day.
Read in Direct Current ↗A 360
degree rotation of a vector generating a sine wave [12].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗A 4
pole, 1800-rpm generator also has a frequency of 60 Hz.
Read in Alternating Current Generators ↗A 40
amp load might discharge the battery fully in about 10 or 15 minutes.
Read in Chapter 18 — Emergency Procedures — Part 2 ↗A 5
megahertz wave travels through space at the same velocity as a 10-megahertz wave.
Read in Radio Wave Propagation ↗A 50
percent increase in weight produces an increase of 83.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 2 ↗A 6
pole, 500-rpm generator has a frequency of A 12-pole, 4000-rpm generator has a frequency of Q17.
Read in Alternating Current Generators ↗A 7
IER AVAILABLE ‘HIGH WILL ESTABLISH PO’lh w.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 7 ↗A 70
second time constant and steady-state temperatures are attained in about 6 minutes.
Read in Quantitative Measurements ↗A 74
micron, self-bypassing screen is located under the fuel inlet fitting and provides last chance filtration of the fuel prior to the fuel nozzles.
Read in Turbine Engine Fuel Controls ↗A 75
ohm resistor may not be easily obtainable, so a network of resistors equal to 75 ohms can be used in place of R3.
Read in Direct Current ↗A 90
degree electrical 4-13 phase difference between the two windings is obtained by connecting the auxiliary winding in series with a capacitor and starting switch.
Read in Alternating Current Motors ↗A 900
lb load is being pulled a distance of 200 ft.
Read in Matter, Energy, and Basic Properties ↗A A- B B- C C
Unless otherwise specified by the aircraft manufacturer, a damaged spar may be spliced at almost any point except at wing attachment fittings, landing gear fittings, engine mount fittings, or lift-and-interplane strut fittings.
Read in Wood Wing and Spar Repairs ↗A Balanced
PHASE DETECTOR or PHASE-DISCRIMINATOR is a circuit that controls the oscillator frequency (afc).
Read in Introduction to Communications Theory ↗A Band
REJECT FILTER will reject a certain band of frequencies and pass all others.
Read in Tuned Circuits ↗A Base
INJECTION MODULATOR is used to produce low-level modulation in equipment operating at very low power levels.
Read in Amplitude Modulation ↗A Beat
FREQUENCY OSCILLATOR is an additional oscillator used in a receiver when the receiver is receiving a cw signal and provides an audible tone.
Read in Introduction to Communications Theory ↗A Cathode
RAY TUBE (CRT) is used in an oscilloscope to display the waveforms.
Read in The Oscilloscope and Spectrum Analyzer ↗A Cladding
MODE STRIPPER is a device that removes any cladding mode power from the fiber.
Read in Fiber Optic Measurement Techniques ↗A Collector
INJECTION MODULATOR is a transistorized version of the plate modulator.
Read in Amplitude Modulation ↗A Common
BASE TRANSISTOR CLAMPER clamps the collector voltage to a reference level.
Read in Wave Shaping ↗A Control
GRID MODULATOR is a low-level modulator that is used where a minimum of af modulator power is desired.
Read in Amplitude Modulation ↗A Corner
REFLECTOR ANTENNA is a half-wave radiator with a reflector.
Read in Antennas ↗A D
cell size fl ashlight with a bulb switching mechanism that can be used for white or red light is preferable.
Read in Chapter 12 — Night Operations — Part 1 ↗A Dead
ZONE fiber is placed between the test fiber and OTDR to reduce the influence of the initial pulse resulting from Fresnel reflection at the OTDR connection.
Read in Fiber Optic Measurement Techniques ↗A Dg-808B 18
meter high-performance glider in self-launch.
Read in Chapter 2 — Components and Systems ↗A Dual
TRACE OSCILLOSCOPE is designed to accept two vertical inputs at the same time.
Read in The Oscilloscope and Spectrum Analyzer ↗A Frequency
RESPONSE CURVE will enable you to determine the BANDWIDTH and the UPPER and LOWER FREQUENCY LIMITS of an amplifier.
Read in Video and RF Amplifiers ↗A G
limiter may also be incorporated into the system to prevent the pitch down generated by the stick pusher from imposing excessive loads on the aircraft.
Read in Aerodynamics of Flight — Part 5 ↗A Half
WAVE ANTENNA (Hertz) consists of two lengths of rod or tubing, each a quarter-wave long at a certain frequency, which radiates a doughnut pattern.
Read in Antennas ↗A High
SPEED RESPONSE requires short transit times and low capacitance.
Read in Optical Detectors and Fiber Optic Receivers ↗A Hook
ON TYPE VOLTAMETER allows you to measure current safely and easily (with no need to disconnect the wiring of the circuit).
Read in Circuit Measurement ↗A J
K flip-flop is a circuit used primarily in computers.
Read in Microelectronics ↗A Jk5512A-05N
10 is a 100° low profile head sleeve of aluminum alloy.
Read in Special Fasteners, Screws, and Hole Repair ↗A Light
EMITTING DIODE (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits incoherent light, through spontaneous emission, when a current is passed through it.
Read in Optical Sources and Fiber Optic Transmitters ↗A Loc
I event, especially in convection or icing conditions, could result in a fatal accident.
Read in Appendix B — Part 3 ↗A Long
WIRE ANTENNA is an antenna that is a wavelength or longer at the operating frequency.
Read in Antennas ↗A Low
LOSS MULTIMODE OPTICAL FIBER was developed in 1970.
Read in Background on Fiber Optics ↗A Nontrip
FREE circuit breaker can be bypassed by holding the operating mechanism ON.
Read in Circuit Protection Devices ↗A P
TYPE SEMICONDUCTOR is one which is doped with a P-TYPE or acceptor impurity (an impurity that reduces the number of free electrons causing more holes).
Read in Semiconductor Diodes ↗A Parallel
RESONANT circuit has the following characteristics: • At resonance the impedance appears as a very high resistance.
Read in Principles of Transmission Lines ↗A Pn
junction diode that operates in the reverse-bias breakdown region 2.
Read in Module 7 Index ↗A Push
PULL AMPLIFIER uses two transistors whose output signals are added together to provide a larger gain (usually a power gain) than a single transistor could provide.
Read in Amplifiers ↗A Quarter
WAVE ANTENNA (Marconi) is a half-wave antenna cut in half with one end grounded.
Read in Antennas ↗A Radio
FREQUENCY (RF) AMPLIFIER uses FREQUENCY-DETERMINING NETWORKS to provide the required response at a given frequency.
Read in Video and RF Amplifiers ↗A Saturable
CORE REACTOR works upon the principle that increasing the current through a coil decreases the permeability of the core; the decreased permeability decreases the inductance of the coil which causes an increase in current (power) through the load.
Read in Special Amplifiers ↗A Series
FED, TUNED-COLLECTOR ARMSTRONG OSCILLATOR is illustrated in figure 2-9 , view (A).
Read in Oscillator circuits ↗A Short
CIRCUITED line affects voltage change differently from the way an open- circuited line affects it.
Read in Principles of Transmission Lines ↗A Single Stationary
LOBE SCANNING SYSTEM is the simplest type of scanning.
Read in Radar Fundamentals ↗A Small Area Light
EMITTING DIODE (LED) was developed in 1971.
Read in Background on Fiber Optics ↗A Snap
ACTING switch is a switch in which the movement of the switch mechanism (contacts) is relatively independent of the activating mechanism movement.
Read in Circuit Control Devices ↗A Solid
STATE DEVICE is nothing more than an electronic device, which operates by virtue of the movement of electrons within a solid piece of semiconductor material.
Read in Semiconductor Diodes ↗A Step-Transmission System (Step-By
STEP SYSTEM) is similar to a synchro system, except that it is energized by direct current.
Read in Related Devices ↗A Thermal
MAGNETIC TRIP ELEMENT combines the thermal and magnetic trip elements into a single unit.
Read in Circuit Protection Devices ↗A Tone
TERMINAL set converts tty dc pulses into audio tones for modulation of a transmitter in audio-frequency tone shift transmissions.
Read in Fundamental Systems Equipment ↗A Trip
FREE circuit breaker will trip (open) even if the operating mechanism is held in the ON position.
Read in Circuit Protection Devices ↗A Two
PHASE ALTERNATOR consists of two phases whose windings are so placed around the stator that the voltages generated in them are 90º out of phase.
Read in Alternating Current Generators ↗A Viation Medical Examiner (Ame)
A medical doctor authorized to perform aviation medical exams for aviators.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗A Waas
enabled GPS receiver is required to use the wide area augmentation system.
Read in Avionics Installation and Coaxial Cable ↗A Watt
HOUR METER is basically a small motor whose instantaneous speed is proportional to the power through the motor.
Read in Circuit Measurement ↗A Xl
· -- -- - --·····- - - Sq.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 3 ↗A) Air Core (B) Soft
IRON CORE Figure 2-8.
Read in Inductance ↗A) Ma
1 pilot chute and B) high-drag pilot chute with large hole mesh.
Read in Chapter 8 — Part 2 ↗A) T
bar positive leverage device and (B) positive leverage closing device with plate.
Read in Chapter 5 — Part 2 ↗A-B
C classification of titanium alloys was established to provide a convenient and simple means of describing all titanium alloys.
Read in Metal Properties and Aircraft Alloys ↗A-Scope
A radar display on which slant range is shown as the distance along a horizontal trace [18].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗A-X(Cd)
4; A-FFS-7, 8(LTD); A-X(FS)-3; AFS-600 (2 cys); A-FAC-0(MAX) Change 1 (December 2015) TSO-C23d 6/1/94 Page 2 (v) Detailed maintenance instructions, including specific guidance on the limits of wear and damage permissible to webbing material that would warrant replacement.
Read in Chapter 5 — Part 7 ↗A/Fd
Airport/Facility Directory section of the Chart Supplement (CS).
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗A200Ct (Rc
12G) 300LW A200CT (RC-12H) B300 A200CT (RC-12K) B300C A200CT (RC-12P) B300C (MC-12W) A200CT (RC-12Q) B300C (UC-12W) B200C (C-12F) 1900 B200C (UC-12M) 1900C B200C (C-12R) 1900C (C-12J) B200C (UC-12F) 1900D B200GT B200CGT July 21, 2015 TYPE CERTIFICATE DATA SHEET NO.
Read in Type Certificates and Maintenance Data ↗A223 Panel Assy
SUBPANEL, L INBOARD CB177 L LANDING LIGHT 10A 24-53-01 W119 Wing Inspection Lights Some aircraft are equipped with wing inspection lights to illuminate the leading edge of the wings to permit observation of icing and general condition of the se areas in flight.
Read in Aircraft Lighting Systems ↗A5 15 Thru K
98 RfHREN([ DRAWINCi - 1'/G.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 8 ↗Aam
400 To obtain copies of this brochure online: https://www.
Read in Acceleration in Aviation: G-Force ↗Aam-300
12/1 FAA Civil Aerospace Medical Institute Aerospace Medical Certification Division PO Box 25082 Oklahoma City, OK 73125 SAFETY BROCHURES To view pilot and passenger safety brochures, visit the Federal Aviation Administration’s Web Site: www.
Read in FAA MedXPress Program for Pilots ↗Abandoned
Depicted for landmark value or to prevent confusion with an adjacent us- able landing area.
Read in Complete Aeronautical Chart Users' Guide — Part 2 ↗Abc D 642 -1 250 (300
1 ) ASR 7 AB 920 -1 528 (600-1 ) C 920 -1½ 528 (600-1½ ) D 920 -1¾ 528 (600-1¾ ) CIRCLIN G AB 940 -1 543 (600-1 ) C 960 -1½ 563 (600-1½ ) D 980 -2 583 (600-2 ) When control tower closed, procedure not authorized.
Read in Chapter 10 — IFR Flight — Part 3 ↗Aborted Takeoff
To terminate a replaned takeoff when it is determined that some condi- tion exists which makes takeoff or further flight dangerous.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Above
THE-BOARD TERMINATION.
Read in Miniature and Microminiature Repair Procedures ↗Abrasivity
The ability of the magnetic tape to wear the head.
Read in Glossary ↗Absolute Altitude
The act- ual distance an object is above the ground.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Absorption
(1) Dissipation of radio or sound waves as they interact with matter.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Absorption Wavemeter
A device used for measuring frequency, consisting of a tuned circuit or cavity that is loosely coupled to the frequency being measured.
Read in Glossary ↗Ac 00
45, Aviation Weather Services.
Read in Chapter 10 — IFR Flight — Part 4 ↗Ac 105
2, Sport Parachute Jumping, “the strength of the harness must always be equal to or greater than the maximum force generated by the canopy during certification tests.
Read in Chapter 4 — Part 3 ↗Ac 120
74, parts 91, 121, 125, and 135, Flight Crew Procedures During Taxi Operations Not to be used for navigation Figure 14-59.
Read in Airport Operations — Part 5 ↗Ac 150/5300
13, Airport Design, Chapter 3.
Read in Airport Operations — Part 1 ↗Ac 150/5320
12, Measurement, Construction, and Maintenance of Skid Resistant Airport Pavement Surfaces, that represents the minimum recommended wet pavement surface friction value for any turbojet aircraft engaged in LAHSO.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 8 ↗Ac 150/5390
2, Heliport Design, provides recommendations for heliport design to support non-precision, approach with vertical guidance (APV), and precision approaches to a heliport.
Read in Chapter 7 — Helicopter Instrument Procedures — Part 3 ↗Ac 20
27, Certification and Operation of Amateur-Built Aircraft • AC 20-139, Commercial Assistance During Construction of Amateur-Built Aircraft • AC 21-4, Special Flight Permits for Operation of Overweight Aircraft • AC 21-12, Application for U.
Read in Chapter 3 — Part 1 ↗Ac 21
29, Detecting and Reporting Suspected Unapproved Parts, for additional information.
Read in Operating Rules and Civil Air Regulations ↗Ac 43
16 (as revised), Aviation Maintenance Alerts, monthly on its website to provide the aviation community with a means for interchanging service difficulty information and sharing information on aviation service experiences.
Read in Chapter 10 — Part 1 ↗Ac 45
2, Identification and Registration Marking • AC 90-89, Amateur-Built Aircraft and Ultra-light Flight Testing Handbook Plane Sense Figure 3-2.
Read in Chapter 3 — Part 1 ↗Ac 60
22, Aeronautical Decision Making, provides background references, definitions, and other pertinent information about ADM training in the general aviation (GA) environment.
Read in Chapter 1 — Risk Management and Single-Pilot Resource Management — Part 3 ↗Ac 61
65, the flight instructor does not omit any required endorsement for the rating sought, which ensures standardization.
Read in Appendix C — Certificates, Ratings, and Endorsements ↗Ac 65
25, Aviation Maintenance Technician Awards Program.
Read in Chapter 8 — Aviation Instructor Responsibilities and Professionalism — Part 2 ↗Ac 70
2A, titulada “Informe sobre iluminación Láser de aeronaves”.
Read in Laser Hazards in Navigable Airspace — Spanish ↗Ac 8050
1 may be obtained from AFS-750 or your local FAA Flight Standards District Office (FSDO).
Read in Chapter 3 — Part 2 ↗Ac 9 1
67, Minimum Equipment Requirements for General Aviation Operations Under FAR Part 91.
Read in Chapter 7 — Helicopter Performance — Part 2 ↗Ac 90
89, Amateur-Built Aircraft and Ultralight Flight Testing Handbook • AC 120-27, Aircraft Weight and Balance Control • FAA-H-8083-30, Aviation Maintenance Technician Handbook—General • Order 8130.
Read in Appendix A — FAA Publications ↗Ac 91
44 also contains additional information on: • Airborne homing and alerting equipment for use with ELTs.
Read in Aircraft Maintenance Practices ↗Ac) 00
63, Use of Flight Deck Displays of Digital Weather and Aeronautical Information, contains detailed information concerning FIS-B meteorological products.
Read in Chapter 3 — Overview of Aviation Weather Information — Part 1 ↗Ac) 105
2D, Sport Parachuting explains that a parachute assembly normally, but not exclusively, consists of the following major components: a canopy, a deployment device, a pilot chute and/or drogue, risers, a stowage container, a harness, and an actuation device (ripcord).
Read in Chapter 2 ↗Ac) 120
27, Aircraft Weight and Balance Control.
Read in Chapter 1 — Weight and Balance Control — Part 1 ↗Ac) 20
161, Aircraft Onboard Weight and Balance Systems • AC 23-21, Airworthiness Compliance Checklists Used to Substantiate Major Alterations for Small Airplanes • AC 43.
Read in Appendix A — FAA Publications ↗Ac) 27
1, Certification of Normal Category Rotorcraft and AC 29-2, Certification of Transport Category Rotorcraft.
Read in Chapter 7 — Helicopter Instrument Procedures — Part 1 ↗Ac) 39
7 (as revised), Airworthi- ness Directives, provides additional guidance and information for aircraft owners and operators about their responsibilities for complying and recording ADs.
Read in Chapter 8 — Part 2 ↗Ac) 43
9 (as revised), Aircraft Maintenance Records.
Read in Chapter 8 — Part 1 ↗Ac) 43-13
1 gives general guidelines for tire inspection and repair.
Read in Tire Balancing and Servicing ↗Ac) 60
22, “Aeronautical Decision-Making,” provides background references, definitions, and other pertinent information about ADM training in the general aviation (GA) environment.
Read in Aeronautical Decision-Making — Part 1 ↗Ac) 61
65, Certification: Pilots and Flight and Ground Instructors , provides guidance for pilots, flight instructors, ground instructors, and examiners on the certification standards, knowledge test procedures, and other requirements of 14 CFR part 61.
Read in Appendix C — Certificates, Ratings, and Endorsements ↗Ac) 90
23, Aircraft Wake Turbulence.
Read in Aerodynamics of Flight — Part 1 ↗Ac) 91
44 This AC combined and updated several ACs on the subject of ELTs and receivers for airborne service.
Read in Aircraft Maintenance Practices ↗Ac00
2 also is available on the Internet at http://www.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents ↗Accelerate
STOP DISTANCE A V AILABLE− The runway plus stopway length declared available and suitable for the acceleration and deceleration of an airplane aborting a takeoff.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 7 ↗Accelerating Anode
An electrode charged several thousand volts positive and used to accelerate electrons toward the front of a cathode-ray tube [6].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Acceleration
Force involved in overcoming inertia, and which may be defined as a change in velocity per unit of time.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Acceleration Servo System
A servo system that controls the acceleration (rate of change in velocity) of a load.
Read in Glossary ↗Acceleration Servosystem
A servosystem that controls the acceleration (rate of change in velocity) of a load [15].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Accelerometer
A device that measures acceleration to which it is subjected and develops a signal proportional to it.
Read in Glossary ↗Acceptor Impurity
An impurity which, when added to a semiconductor, accepts one electron from a neighboring atom and creates a hole in the lattice structure of the crystal.
Read in Glossary ↗Accessory Gear
BOXES This figure shows a representative number of systems/subsystems for demonstration purposes only.
Read in Routine, Required, and Special Inspections ↗Accomodating Non
RNP 10 AIRCRAFT 4-7-5.
Read in Chapter 10 — Chapter 10 ↗Accurate Snap
ACTING SWITCH is a snap-acting switch in which the operating point is pre-set and very accurately known.
Read in Circuit Control Devices ↗Ace
118W phone: (316) 946-4123; fax: (316) 946-4107; e-mail: gary.
Read in Advisory Circulars and Airworthiness Directives ↗Acorn Tube
A very small tube with closely spaced electrodes and no base.
Read in Glossary ↗Acoustics
The science of sound [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Acquisition
Operational phase of a fire - control or track radar during which the radar system searches a small volume of space in a prearranged pattern.
Read in Glossary ↗Active Satellite
A satellite that amplifies the received signal and retransmits it back to earth.
Read in Glossary ↗Actuator
The part of a switch that is acted upon to cause the switch to change contact connections; e.
Read in Glossary ↗Ad)
A regulatory notice that is sent out by the FAA to the registered own- ers of aircraft informing them of the discovery of a condition that keeps their aircraft from continu- ing to meet its conditions for air- worthiness.
Read in Chapter 6 — Rotorcraft Flight Manual — Part 1 ↗Ad-Note 1 Of 2
400 1 OF 1 97471 FZE 1 ZONE 221-222 SOLID STATE FLIGHT DATA RECORDER (IF APPLICABLE) MS 31-31-00-007-002-500 (AMM 31-31-01)F1 SSFDR DATA COPY NOTE: THIS IS A DUPLICATE INSPECTION!
Read in Human Factors and Accident Patterns ↗Ada
A high -level programming language designed by the Department of Defense.
Read in Glossary ↗Additive
Any material in the coating of magnetic tape other than the oxide and binder resins.
Read in Glossary ↗Adf 200
1600 KHz NDBs 190 - 535 KHz AM broadcast 550 - 1800 KHz HF comm 2 - 30 MHz Marker beacons 75 MHz FM broadcast 88 - 108 MHz VHF NAV (VOR) 108 - 118 MHz VHF comm 118 - 137 MHz Glideslope 328 - 336 MHz DME 960 - 1215 MHz Transponder 1030 & 1090 MHz GPS 1.
Read in Navigation Systems ↗Adm
training made fewer in-flight errors than those who had Figure 2-2.
Read in Aeronautical Decision-Making — Part 1 ↗Ads
B to display traffic information.
Read in Aeromedical Factors — Part 5 ↗Ads-B)
automatically broadcasts the aircraft’s position and other aircraft specific information to air traffic control (ATC) ground facilities and nearby aircraft equipped with ADS-B In.
Read in Chapter 5 — Improvement Plans — Part 1 ↗Adv Ancing Blade
The blade moving in the same direction as the helicopter or gyroplane.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Advantages And Disadvantages Of Ac And Dc
Direct current has several disadvantages compared to alternating current.
Read in Concepts of Alternating Current ↗Aeronautical Decision Making (Adm)
A systematic approach to the mental process used by pilots to consistently determine the best course of action in response to a given set of circum- stances.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Afds
An abbreviation for the amphibious flagship data system.
Read in Glossary ↗Afm
See AIRCRAFT FLIGHT MANUAL.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Afm/Poh
recommended normal approach speed.
Read in Chapter 13 — Transition to Multiengine Airplanes — Part 3 ↗Afms
Aircraft Flight Manual Supplements.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Afr 205
1 and for the Navy in Navy Regulations, Article 1509 • .
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 1 ↗Afs
620) regarding the Maintenance Alert Program.
Read in Chapter 10 — Part 1 ↗Afs)
65 Certification: Airmen Other Than Flight Crewmembers A&P IA Repairman Parachute Rigger Dispatcher 2-8 14 CFR Part 33—Airworthiness Standards: Aircraft Engines Each of the four preceding 14 CFR regulations require that the engine used in the aircraft must be type certificated.
Read in Maintenance Authority and Part 43 ↗Afs-750-Adchg
1 (07/04) (first fold) Plane Sense Plane Sense Chapter 1: Aircraft Owner Responsibilities Figure 1-3.
Read in Chapter 4 — Part 1 ↗Aft
nose up) Control cables Power cylinder Neutral Neutral Control valves NeutralPower disconnect linkage Figure 6-2.
Read in Flight Controls — Part 1 ↗Aft Storage Tanks-'
"'-'-"''"'---____, WHILE FEEDING TRANSFER PUMP ENGINES FROM FOR- WITH RELIEF VALVE.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 7 ↗Agl
above ground level FL—flight level MSL—mean sea level Figure 1-1.
Read in Chapter 1 — The National Airspace System — Part 1 ↗Agonic Line
A line along which there is no magnetic variation.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Aii
1 APPENDIX II REFERENCE LIST CHAPTER ONE Linear Integrated Circuits, Basic Electricity and Electronics Course, Module 34, CANTRAC A-100- 0010, Naval Education and Training Program Development Center Detachment, Great Lakes, III.
Read in Glossary ↗Aileron
---- DEFLECTlON 8, V.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 6 ↗Aim 7-2
3, ICAO Cold Temperature Error Table.
Read in Chapter 4 — Approaches — Part 3 ↗Air
140 contact information is available in the FAA Contact Information appendix on pages A1–A2 of this handbook.
Read in Chapter 8 — Part 2 ↗Air 0Peed
KNOTS I ~ 0 Fuel Consumption go 4ool ~ 6ol~ C) Po Ul " ::rl 300 ·50 c:: " J4 0 ~ ,.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 6 ↗Air Density
The density of the air in terms of mass per unit volume.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Air Flow
air flow through the WAI valves in pounds per minute.
Read in Pneumatic Deicing Boots ↗Air Press
pressure downstream of the WAI valves in PSIG.
Read in Pneumatic Deicing Boots ↗Air-Control Panel
Panel that monitors the dry -air input at each user equipment.
Read in Glossary ↗Air-Core Transformer
A transformer co mposed of two or more coils, which are wound around a non-metallic core.
Read in Glossary ↗Aircraft
A device that is used or intended to be used for flight in the air.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Aircraft And Systems Description
Describes the gyroplane and its systems in a format considered by the manufacturer to be most informative.
Read in Chapter 19 — Rotorcraft Flight Manual — Gyroplane ↗Aircraft Categories
(1) As used with respect to the certification, ratings, privileges, and limitations of airmen, means a broad classification of aircraft.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Aircraft Operating Instructions
A document developed by the aircraft manufacturer and accepted by the Federal Aviation Administra- tion (FAA).
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Aircraft Pitch
When refer- enced to an aircraft, it is the move- ment about its lateral, or pitch axis.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Aircraft Roll
Is the move- ment of the aircraft about its longitudinal axis.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Aircraft Servicing
The helicopter rotor blades should be stopped, and both the aircraft and the refuel- ing unit properly grounded prior to any refueling oper- ation.
Read in Chapter 9 — Basic Flight Maneuvers — Part 1 ↗Airfoil
Any surface designed to obtain a useful reaction of lift, or neg- ative lift, as it moves through the air.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Airfoil Lift
ZERO LIFT UPWASH 7 INCREASED LOCAL I ,-VELOCITY POSITIVE LIFT DECREASED LOCAL VELOCITY Figure 1.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 1 ↗Airnet
Airport Network Simulation Model AIS—aeronautical lnformation service AlT—automated information transfer ALP—airport layout plan This is a list of common acronyms and abbreviations used in the aviation industry as well as NOTAM contractions.
Read in Appendices — Part 2 ↗Airport
An area of land or water that is used or intended to be used for the landing and takeoff of aircraft, and includes its buildings and facilities, if any.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Airport/Facility Directory (A/Fd)
A publication of the Federal Aviation Administration containing information on all airports, seaplane bases, and heliports open to the public.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Airspace
See CLASS A, CLASS B, CLASS C, CLASS D, CLASS E, or CLASS G AIRSPACE.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Airworthiness
A state in which an aircraft or component meets the conditions of its type design and is in a condition for safe operation.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Airworthiness Certificate
A certifi- cate issued by the FAA to aircraft that have been proven to meet the minimum standards set down by the Code of Federal Regulations.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Airworthiness Directive
When an unsafe condition exists with an aircraft, the FAA issues an air- worthiness directive to notify con- cerned parties of the condition and to describe the appropriate corrective action.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Aisi 4
digit code that defines the approximate chemical composition of the steel.
Read in Gas Welding Procedures ↗Ajv
W2 4/23/2010) North Route SW-3, 29 JUL 2010 to 26 AUG 2010 Figure 1-7.
Read in Chapter 1 — Departure Procedures — Part 1 ↗Ajv-P
HQ-Correspondence@faa.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 1 — Chapter 1 — Part 1 ↗Ajw
3) provides flight inspection services, obstacle clearance verification, certification, and final approval of substitute routes.
Read in Chapter 2 — En Route Operations — Part 2 ↗Alclad 2024
T3 same gauge or one gauge heavier Rivets—material thickness of 0.
Read in Panel and Lightening-Hole Repairs ↗Allowance Equipage List (Ael)
Equipment requirements for a unit having the exact equipment/component listed.
Read in Glossary ↗Allowance Parts List (Apl)
Repair parts required for unit having the equipment/ component listed.
Read in Glossary ↗Alloyed Junction
A junction formed by recrystallization of a molten region of P-type material on an N-type substrate, or vice versa.
Read in Glossary ↗Alpha
The emitter-to-collector current gain in a common-base circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Alphameric (Alphanumeric) Character Set
The set of characters that includes letters, numbers, and special characters.
Read in Glossary ↗Alsf
1 approach lighting system were inoperative, the visibility minimums for an ILS would need to be increased by one-quarter mile.
Read in Chapter 10 — IFR Flight — Part 4 ↗Alsf)
1 normally results in a published visibility of 1⁄2 SM.
Read in Chapter 7 — Helicopter Instrument Procedures — Part 2 ↗Alt
feet Fuel - gallons Time - minutes Distance - nautical miles Cruise Departure Figure 11-26.
Read in Aircraft Performance — Part 4 ↗Alternating Current
An electrical current which constantly changes amplitude and changes polarity at regular intervals.
Read in Glossary ↗Altimeter
An instrument that indicates flight altitude by sensing pressure changes and displaying alti- tude in feet or meters.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Altitude
INDUCED DECOMPRESSION SICKNESS OK-24-1154 9/18/2024 Age There are some reports indicating a higher risk of altitude DCS with increasing age.
Read in Altitude-Induced Decompression Sickness ↗Aluminum Creep
The movement of aluminum wire away from a point where pressure is applied.
Read in Glossary ↗Am-400
03/2 Escrito por: Alex Wolbrink, M.
Read in Deep Vein Thrombosis & Travel — Spanish ↗Ambient Temperature
The "surrounding temperature" - as the temperature surrounding a conductor in a compartment or within a piece of equipment.
Read in Glossary ↗Ambiguous Returns
Echoes that exceed the prt of a radar and appear at incorrect ranges.
Read in Glossary ↗Amd Ltd To Cld Vis And Wind 1505
1518= Chapter 27, Forecasts 27-22 The amended forecast indicates that amendments will only be issued for wind, visibility, and clouds, between the 15th day of the month at 0500Z and the 15th day of the month at 1800Z.
Read in Chapter 27 — Forecasts — Part 3 ↗Amd Not Sked 1505Z
1518Z= No amendments will be available between the 15th day of the month at 0500 UTC and the 15th day of the month at 1800 UTC due to lack of a complete observational set between those times.
Read in Chapter 27 — Forecasts — Part 3 ↗Ame
See A VIATION MEDICAL EXAMINER.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗American Wire Gauge (Awg)
The standards adopted in the United States for the measurement of wire sizes.
Read in Glossary ↗Ammeter
A meter used to measure current.
Read in Glossary ↗Ampere
The basic unit of electrical current.
Read in Glossary ↗Ampere-Turn
The magnetomotive force developed by one ampere of current flowing through a coil of one turn.
Read in Glossary ↗Amperite (Ballast) Tube
A current-controlling resistance device designed to maintain substantially constant current over a specified range of variation in applied voltage or resistance of a series circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Amphibian
A seaplane with retractable wheel-type landing gear that can be extended to allow landings to be made on land.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 1 ↗Amplidyne
A special dc generator in which a small dc voltage applied to field windings controls a large output voltage from the generator.
Read in Glossary ↗Amplification
The ratio of output magnitude to input magnitude in a device intended to produce an output that is an enlarged reproduction of its input.
Read in Glossary ↗Amplification Factor
The voltage gain of an amplifier with no load on the output.
Read in Glossary ↗Amplifier
The device that provides amplification (the increase in current, voltage, or power of a signal) without appreciably altering the original signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Amplitron
See Crossed -Field Amplifier.
Read in Glossary ↗Amplitude
MODULATED SYSTEMS Amplitude modulation refers to any method of varying the amplitude of an electromagnetic carrier frequency in accordance with the intelligence to be transmitted by the carrier.
Read in Amplitude Modulation ↗Amplitude Distortion
Distortion that is present in an amplifier when the amplitude of the output signal fails to follow exactly any increase or decrease in the amplitude of the input signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Amplitude Modulation
Any method of varying the amplitude of an electromagnetic carrier frequency in accordance with the intelligence to be transmitted ANGLE MODULATION—Modulation in which the angle of a sine-wave carrier is varied by a modulating wave.
Read in Glossary ↗Amplitude Stability
Amplitude stability refers to the ability of the oscillator to maintain a constant amplitude in the output waveform.
Read in Glossary ↗Amplitude Varying (On
OFF) MODULATING WAVE (MORSE CODE CHARACTER "N").
Read in Angle and Pulse Modulation ↗Amplitude/Frequency Response
(See frequency response.
Read in Glossary ↗Amt
100 None The pilot's failure to extend the landing gear.
Read in Chapter 13 — Human Factors — Part 2 ↗An 3106 A 18
4 S i use in aircraft applications.
Read in Aircraft Electrical Wiring and Installation ↗An Upper
LVL DISTURBANCE OVER COLORADO COMBINED WITH A STRONG JET STREAM MOVING ACROSS THE SWRN U.
Read in Chapter 27 — Forecasts — Part 8 ↗An-Qq-S-770
It is recommended that, prior to tempering, corrosion-resisting (16 Cr-2 Ni) steel be quenched in oil from a temperature of 1,875–1,900 °F, after a soaking period of 30 minutes at this temperature.
Read in Metalworking and Ferrous Heat Treatment ↗An-Vv-0
446a The starters are of the hand electric inertia type.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 5 ↗An/Tnh
21 Recorder-Reproducer Set, Sound, Instruction Manual, National Security Agency, Fort G.
Read in References ↗An/Urm
120 in-line wattmeter, shown in figure 3-15, measures power applied to a 50-ohm impedance load and the power reflected from that load.
Read in Quantitative Measurements ↗An/Urt
xx with the unit numbers 1, 2, 3 on figure 1-4.
Read in Introduction to Radio-Frequency Communications ↗An/Ush
23(V), NAVELEX 0967-LP-546-1010, Naval Electronics Systems Command, Washington, DC, 1975.
Read in References ↗An/Usm
206A (figure 4-17) is a rugged, field-type tester designed to test transistors and semiconductor diodes.
Read in Common Test Equipment ↗An/Uyh
3(V), Operation and Maintenance Instructions, NAVSEA SE600-AA-MMM-010/AN/UYH-3(V), Naval Sea Systems Command, Washington, DC, 1982.
Read in References ↗An/Uyk
62 (V) Data Processing Set.
Read in Operational Concepts ↗An2687
1 valve, install a new valve core.
Read in Landing Gear Retraction and Extension ↗An501B-416
7 AN = Air Force-Navy standard 501 = fillister head, fine thread B = brass 416 = 4⁄16-inch diameter 7 = 7⁄16-inch length The letter “D” in place of the “B” would indicate that the material is 2017-T aluminum alloy.
Read in Special Fasteners, Screws, and Hole Repair ↗An6287
1 valve in pounds per square inch (psi).
Read in Landing Gear Types and Operation ↗Analog Computer
A computer that solves problems using continuous data from physical quantities like voltage or temperature.
Read in Glossary ↗Analog Recording
A method of recording in which some characteristic of the record current, such as amplitude or frequency, is continuously varied in a manner similar to the variations of the original signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Analog-To
DIGITAL CONVERTER section, and the DISPLAY section.
Read in Common Test Equipment ↗Anchor
A heavy hook con- nected to the seaplane by a line or cable, intended to dig into the bottom and keep the seaplane from drifting.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 1 ↗And
gate and the flip-flop, which can be represented as operators in a suitable symbolic logic.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗And Ads
B) MAY NOT BE AVAILABLE WITHIN A 468NM RADIUS CENTERED AT 330702N1062540W (TCS 093044) FL400-UNL DECREASING IN AREA WITH A DECREASE IN ALTITUDE DEFINED AS: 425NM RADIUS AT FL250, 360NM RADIUS AT 10000FT, 354NM RADIUS AT 4000FT AGL, 327NM RADIUS AT 50FT AGL.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 1 — Chapter 1 — Part 1 ↗And Gate
(1) An electronic gate whose output is energized only when every input is in its prescribed state.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗And Maintenance
Includes information on gyroplane inspection periods, preventative maintenance that can be performed by the pilot, ground handling procedures, servicing, cleaning, and care instructions.
Read in Chapter 19 — Rotorcraft Flight Manual — Gyroplane ↗And Recover
ABILITY CODES (SM&R CODES)—Specify maintenance level for repair of components or assemblies.
Read in Glossary ↗And Upwash
REDUCED t-- SFkAN’ --I PERCENT REDUCTION IN INDUCED DRAG COEFFICIENT LIFT COEFFICIEN’ CL CONSTANT IO RATIO OF WING HEIGHT TO SPAN, h/b AIRPLANE IN THRUST REQ’D LBS.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 8 ↗Angle Modulation
Modulation in which the angle of a sine-wave carrier is varied by a modulating wave [12].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Angle Od
nrc7 I OF HUB ATTACK ETRiATING BLADE -lop I _- - - NEGATIVE STALL ANGLE , -ADVANCING BLADE Figure 6.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 8 ↗Angle Of Attack
The angle between the airfoil’s chord line and the relative wind.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Angle Of Attack (Aoa)
The acute angle be- tween the chord line of the airfoil and the direction of the relative wind.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Angle Of Incidence
The angle formed by the chord line of the wing and a line parallel to the longitudinal axis of the PPC cart.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Angle Of Inclination
The angular difference between the equatorial plane of the earth and the plane of orbit of the satellite.
Read in Glossary ↗Angle Of Reflection
The angle between the reflected wave and the normal [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Angle Of Refraction
The angle between the normal and the path of a wave through the second medium [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Angstrom Unit
The unit used to define the wavelength of light waves [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Angular Position
The counterclockwise angular displacement of a synchro rotor, measured in degrees from its electrical zero position, as viewed from the shaft extension end of the synchro.
Read in Glossary ↗Anisotropic
The property of a radiator that allows it to emit strong radiation in one direction [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Annual Inspection
A complete inspection of an aircraft and engine, required by the Code of Federal Regulations, to be accomplished every 12 calendar months on all certificated aircraft.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Anode
A positive electrode of an electrochemical device (such as a primary or secondary electric cell) toward which the negative ions are drawn.
Read in Glossary ↗Ans
70 and AINS 70 RNAV systems in their DC-10 fleet, which marked the first commercial use of avionics that required navigation databases.
Read in Chapter 6 — Airborne Navigation Databases — Part 1 ↗Ansi Z87
1989 for a special-purpose lens.
Read in Gas Welding Procedures ↗Ansi) Z87
1989 Safety Standards for a special purpose lens.
Read in Gas Welding and Cutting Equipment ↗Antenna
A conductor or set of conductors used to radiate RF energy into space or to collect RF energy from space or to do both [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Antenna Beam Width
Width of a radar beam measured between half -power points ANTENNA SYSTEM—Routes rf ene rgy from the transmitter, radiates the energy into space, receives echoes, and routes the echoes to the receiver.
Read in Glossary ↗Antenna Coupler
A device used for impedance matching between an antenna and a transmitter or receiver.
Read in Glossary ↗Antenna System
Routes RF energy from the transmitter, radiates the energy into space, receives echoes, and routes the echoes to the receiver [18].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Anti
ICE lbs –1210 –1400 –1480 –1690 –830–1180 –70 LIMIT CODES R = RUNWAY LIMIT O = OBSTACLE LIMIT B = BRAKE LIMIT C = CLIMB LIMIT DATE: 07/01/2011 FOR SAMPLE USE ONLY Figure 1-20.
Read in Chapter 1 — Departure Procedures — Part 3 ↗Antijamming Circuit
Electronic circuit used to minimize the effects of enemy countermeasures, thereby permitting radar echoes to be visible on the indicator.
Read in Glossary ↗Antiseize Compound
A silicon-based, high-temperature lubricant applied to threaded components to facilitate their removal after being subjected to rapid heating and cooling.
Read in Glossary ↗Antitorque Pedal
The pedal used to control the pitch of the tail rotor or air diffuser in a NOTAR ® system.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Antitransmit
RECEIVE TUBE (atr)—Tube that isolates the transmitter from the antenna and receiver.
Read in Glossary ↗Aoa
the angle measured between the resultant relative wind and chord line.
Read in Chapter 12 — Night Operations — Part 3 ↗Aoi)
the angle between the chord line of a blade and rotor hub.
Read in Chapter 12 — Night Operations — Part 3 ↗Api
TC classification (e.
Read in Rotax Two-Stroke Engine Systems ↗Apogee
The point in the orbit of a satellite the greatest distance from the earth.
Read in Glossary ↗Apparent Drift
The effect of the Earth's rotation on a gyro, which causes the spinning axis to appear to make one complete rotation in one day.
Read in Glossary ↗Apparent Power
That power apparently available for use in an ac circuit containing a reactive element.
Read in Glossary ↗Apparent Precession
See APPARENT DRIFT [15].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Apparent Rotation
See APPARENT DRIFT [15].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Application (Programs) Software
Programs written to solve user problems.
Read in Glossary ↗Apv)
an instrument approach based on a navigation system that is not required to meet the precision approach standards of ICAO Annex 10, but provides course and glidepath deviation information.
Read in Chapter 4 — Approaches — Part 5 ↗Aqafo
Aeronautical Quality Assurance Field Office ARAC—Army Radar Approach Control (AAF); Aviation Rulemaking Advisory Committee ARCTR—FAA Aeronautical Center or Academy ARF—airport reservation function ARFF—aircraft rescue and fire fighting ARINC—Aeronautical Radio, Inc.
Read in Appendices — Part 2 ↗Aquadag Coating
A special coating of a conductive material, such as graphite, which is applied to the inside of a CRT.
Read in Glossary ↗Ar Ac
DC Differential Voltmeter, NAVSEA 0969-LP- 279-7010, Naval Sea Systems Command, Washington, D.
Read in References ↗Arc Extinguisher
The part of a circuit breaker that confines and divides the arc that occurs when the contacts of the circuit breaker open.
Read in Glossary ↗Area
Any water area designated for the landing of seaplanes.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Arin C
429 data bus Loop B power+ 28 VDC 17-7 Smoke, Flame, & Carbon Monoxide Detection Systems Smoke Detectors A smoke detection system monitors the lavatories and cargo baggage compartments for the presence of smoke, which is indicative of a fire condition.
Read in Fire Detection Systems ↗Arithmetic
LOGIC SECTION performs all arithmetic operations-adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing.
Read in Hardware ↗Arithmetic-Logic Unit
The part of the cpu that contains the logic capability and performs all the arithmetic functions (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division).
Read in Glossary ↗Arm
The horizontal distance from the datum to any component of the helicopter or to any object located within the helicopter is called the arm.
Read in Chapter 6 — Rotorcraft Flight Manual — Part 2 ↗Armature
The windings in which the output voltage is generated in a generator or in which input current creates a magnetic field that interacts with the main field in a motor.
Read in Glossary ↗Armature Losses
Copper losses, eddy current losses, hysteresis losses which act to decrease the efficiency of armatures.
Read in Glossary ↗Armature Reaction
The effect, in a dc generator, of current in the annature creating a magnetic field that distorts the main field and causing a shift in the neutral plane.
Read in Glossary ↗Arow
The mnemonic aid to remember the certificates and documents required to be onboard an aircraft to determine airworthiness: Airworthi- ness certificate, Registration certificate, Operating limitations, Weight and balance data.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Array Of Arrays
Same as COMBINATION ARRAY [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Arsonval Meter Movement
The permanent-magnet moving coil movement used in most meters.
Read in Glossary ↗Articulated Rotor
A rotor system in which each of the blades is connected to the rotor hub in such a way that it is free to change its pitch angle, and move up and down and fore and aft in its plane of rotation.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Artificial Intelligence
The capability of a machine to perform human -like intelligence functions, such as learning, adapting, reasoning, and self-correction.
Read in Glossary ↗Artificial Transmission Line
An LC network that is designed to simulate characteristics of a transmission line.
Read in Glossary ↗As Well As Cloud
TO-GROUND LIGHTNING AND REDUCED VISIBILITIES FROM HEAVY RAIN.
Read in Chapter 26 — Advisories — Part 5 ↗Asbestos
A fiber-like mineral, noncombustible and nonconductive, used as an insulating material.
Read in Glossary ↗Asbestosis
Fibrosis of the lungs caused by inhalation of asbestos fibers [4].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Ascii 8
bit code, you will notice the selection of bit patterns used in the positions differs from those used in EBCDIC.
Read in Data Representation and Communications ↗Asde
X is able to track vehicles and aircraft on the airport movement area and obtain identification information from aircraft transponders.
Read in Appendix B — Acronyms — Part 2 ↗Asg
29 E with gasoline sustainer engine mast extended.
Read in Chapter 2 — Components and Systems ↗Ashe
ERIC Higher Education Report No.
Read in Appendix A — References ↗Asi
AD) and the POI may refer to this guidance as they review 14 CFR part 121 domestic or supplemental operat ions conducted in a noncontiguous state to airports with no METARs, missing METAR elements, or n o weather reporting facilities.
Read in Appendix D — Special Terminal Operation Procedures (STOP) — Part 1 ↗Asos
See AUTOMATED SURFACE OBSERV- ING SYSTEM.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Asos/Awos
Automated Surface Observing Station/Automated Weather Observing Station LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE Latitude and Longitude coordinates are provided for those NAVAIDs that make up part of a route/airway or a holding pattern.
Read in Complete Aeronautical Chart Users' Guide — Part 5 ↗Aspect Ratio
Span of a wing divided by its average chord.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Asr
3 equipment, radar returns from precipitation are not displayed as varying levels of intensity, and controllers must rely on pilot reports and experience to provide weather avoidance information.
Read in Chapter 2 — The Air Traffic Control System — Part 1 ↗Ass
KEY), was originally designed as a 7-bit code.
Read in Data Representation and Communications ↗Assembler
A computer program that translates source programs written in assembly language into machine language (object) programs.
Read in Glossary ↗Assembly
A number of parts or subassemblies, or any combination thereof, joined together to perform a specific function.
Read in Glossary ↗Assembly Language
A low- level, machine-oriented programming language in which each instruction (written as a mnemonic) translates into a single machine language (computer) instruction.
Read in Glossary ↗Associative Law
a simple equality statement A(BC) = ABC or A+(B+C) = A+B+C.
Read in Boolean Algebra ↗Assume The Flip
FLOP IS INITIALLY IN THE CLEAR STATE.
Read in Module 9 Index ↗Astable Multivibrator
A multivibrator which has no stable state.
Read in Glossary ↗Asw
198 None The pilot's misidentification of the runway during the visual approach which resulted in an off runway landing and impact with a trailer.
Read in Chapter 13 — Human Factors — Part 2 ↗Aswtds
An abbreviation for the antisubmarine warfare tactical data system.
Read in Glossary ↗Asymmetrical Airfoil
An airfoil section that is not the same on both sides of the chord line.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Asymmetrical Multivibrator
Multivibrator that generates rectangular waves.
Read in Glossary ↗Asynchronous
The teletypewriter operation where the transmitter and receiver do not operate continuously [17].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Asynchronous Orbit
One where the satellite does not rotate or move at the same speed as the earth.
Read in Glossary ↗Atc
related climb requirements.
Read in Chapter 1 — Departure Procedures — Part 3 ↗Atc)
controllers assist pilots in many ways, including finding a lost helicopter.
Read in Chapter 7 — Helicopter Performance — Part 7 ↗Atds
An abbreviation for the airborne tactical data system.
Read in Glossary ↗Atis
ASOS/AWSS interface switch installed in the tower.
Read in Chapter 1 — Departure Procedures — Part 2 ↗Atis (D
ATIS) is an alternative method of receiving ATIS reports.
Read in Chapter 1 — Departure Procedures — Part 2 ↗Attention All Users Page (Aaup)
The AAUP provides the pilot with additional information relative to conducting a specific operation, for example, PRM approaches and RNA V departures.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 7 ↗Attenuation
The ability of a filter circuit to reduce the amplitude of unwanted frequencies to a level below that of the desired output frequency.
Read in Glossary ↗Attraction
The force that tends to make two objects approach each other.
Read in Glossary ↗Audio
BEAT NOTE FROM FILTER.
Read in Demodulation ↗Audio Amplifier
An amplifier designed to amplify frequencies between 15 hertz (15 Hz) and 20 kilohertz (20 kHz).
Read in Glossary ↗Audio Frequency Tone Shift
A system that uses amplitude modulation to change dc mark and space impulses into audio impulses.
Read in Glossary ↗Audio-Frequency Transformer
A transformer used in audio-frequency circuits to transfer af signals from one circuit to another.
Read in Transformers ↗Audio-Frequency-Tone Shift
A system that uses amplitude modulation to change dc mark and space impulses into audio impulses [17].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Auto
MANUAL switch provides two methods of frequency counter operation.
Read in Quantitative Measurements ↗Autodin
one system for special intelligence (SI) message traffic and the other for the AUTODIN regular message traffic.
Read in Introduction to Radio-Frequency Communications ↗Automated Mutual
ASSISTANCE VESSEL RESCUE SYSTEM.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 7 ↗Automated Surface Observing Sys
TEM (ASOS)—Weather reporting system which provides surface observations every minute via digitized voice broadcasts and printed reports.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Automated Weather Observ A
TION,” followed by the time are announced.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 5 ↗Automatic Data Processing (Adp)
A general term used to define a system for automatically performing a series of data processing functions by means of machines using mechanical, electromechanical, and electronic circuitry.
Read in Glossary ↗Automatic Dependent Surveillance- Rebroadcast (Ads
R)− A datalink translation function of the ADS−B ground system required to accommodate the two separate operating frequencies (978 MHz and 1090 MHz).
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 7 ↗Automatic Gain Control
Circuit used to vary radar receiver gain for best reception of signals that have widely varying amplitudes.
Read in Glossary ↗Automatic Terminal Information Ser
VICE (ATIS)—The continuous broadcast (by ra- dio or telephone) of recorded noncontrol, essential but routine, information in selected terminal areas.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Automatic Tracking
Tracking done by the equipment comparing the direction of the antenna axis and the direction of the received signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Automatic Volume/Gain Control
A circuit used to limit variations in the output signal strength of a receiver.
Read in Glossary ↗Autopilot
Those units and components that furnish a means of automatically controlling the aircraft.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Autorotation
The condition of flight during which the main rotor is driven only by aerodynamic forces with no power from the engine.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Autotransformer
A transformer with a single winding in which the entire winding can be used as the primary and part of the winding as the secondary, or part of the winding can be used as the primary and the entire winding can be used as the secondary.
Read in Transformers ↗Auxiliary Equipment
The peripheral equipment or devices that may or may not be in direct communication with the central processing unit of a computer.
Read in Glossary ↗Auxiliary Fin
An addi- tional vertical stabilizer installed on some float planes to offset the increased surface area of the floats in front of the center of gravity.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 1 ↗Auxiliary Test
As mentioned previously, two special tests (cathode activity and sensitive grid shorts) may be made by use of controls located in the auxiliary compartment (fig.
Read in Component Testing ↗Avalanche Effect
A reverse breakdown effect in diodes that occurs at reverse voltage beyond 5 volts.
Read in Glossary ↗Average Power
Output power of a transmitter as measured from the start of one pulse to the start of the next pulse.
Read in Glossary ↗Average Value
The average value of a sine wave of voltage or current is the average of all the instantaneous values during one alternation.
Read in Concepts of Alternating Current ↗Average Value (Of Ac)
The average of all the instantaneous values of one-half cycle of alternating current [2].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Average Value Of Ac
The av erage of all the instantaneous values of one-half cycle of alternating current.
Read in Glossary ↗Avgas
burning reciprocating airplane engines.
Read in Chapter 2 — Ground Operations — Part 1 ↗Awa
AFB-120-Directives@faa.
Read in Appendix G — Websites ↗Awc
WEB/xxxx in the remarks indicates the PIREP was submitted by an airline dispatcher or CWSU meteorologist directly to the AWC.
Read in Chapter 24 — Observations — Part 5 ↗Awc)
makes text, digital and graphical forecasts, analyses, and observations of aviation related weather variables available to the aviation community.
Read in Chapter 4 — Weather Theory & Reports — Part 5 ↗Awos
3, are able to provide additional information, such as wind speed, wind gust, wind direction, variable wind direction, temperature, dew point, altimeter setting, and density altitude.
Read in Chapter 1 — Departure Procedures — Part 2 ↗Awos)
Automated weather reporting system consisting of various sensors, a processor, a com- puter-generated voice subsystem, and a transmitter to broadcast weather data.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Axe
700) of any conviction or administrative action for DUI/DWI.
Read in DUI Infographic ↗Axis
A straight line, either real or imaginary, passing through a body, around which the body revolves.
Read in Glossary ↗Axis-Of-Rotation
The imagi- nary line about which the rotor rotates.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Azimuth
Angular measurement in the horizontal plane in a clockwise direction [18].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Azimuth Alignment
The alignment of the recording and reproducing gaps so their center lines lie parallel with one another.
Read in Glossary ↗B (Jp
4) Aviation gasoline grade 100/130 NOTE: The fuel quantity indicator is calibrated for correct indication when using aviation kerosene jet A and jet A1.
Read in Chapter 9 — Weight and Balance Control—Commuter Category and Large Aircraft — Part 3 ↗B 2 2 2 3 1 Out
3 TOGGLE 150Vdc 5A C 2 2 1 3 1 OUT-3 ROCKER 115Vdc 10A D 1 2 1 3 1 OUT-3 TOGGLE 115Vdc 5A E 2 2 1 3 — OUT-3 ROCKER 150Vdc 10A F 2 2 1 3 1 OUT-3 TOGGLE 150Vdc 10A G 2 2 1 3 1 IN-3 TOGGLE 115Vdc 10A H 2 2 1 3 1 OUT-3 ROCKER 115Vdc 3A I 2 2 1 3 1 OUT-3 ROCKER 28Vdc 5A Table 3-1.
Read in Circuit Control Devices ↗B) Inductors Far Apart
SMALL M ( C) INDUCTOR AXES PERPENDICULAR – NO M Figure 2-12.
Read in Inductance ↗B) Mil-H
6000 Type Hose (Views showing opposite side of hose) MIL-H-5593-6-4/90 Mfg Symbol Lay lines Quarter and year of manufacturer (C) MIL-H-5593 Type Hose Hose size special elbows, preformed hose assemblies save space and weight.
Read in Flexible Hose Lines: Inspection and Installation ↗B200C (C
12F), (UC-12F), (UC-12M) and (C-12R), Super King Air (Normal Category), Approved February 13, 1981, (See NOTES 10, 11, and 12) For Notes, refer to Data Pertinent to All Model 200 Series Engine Two United Aircraft of Canada, Ltd.
Read in Type Certificates and Maintenance Data ↗B3D32C419/82Nha
5 Propeller on Commander Model 114 airplane in accordance with Commander Aircraft Co.
Read in Type Certificates and Maintenance Data ↗B737
800, the operator must account for the seating of passengers in the cabin [Figure 9-50].
Read in Chapter 9 — Weight and Balance Control—Commuter Category and Large Aircraft — Part 4 ↗Ba)
refers to the curved section of metal within the bend (the portion of metal that is curved in bending).
Read in Sheet Metal Forming Concepts ↗Back
TAXI− A term used by air traffic controllers to taxi an aircraft on the runway opposite to the traffic flow.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 7 ↗Back Resistance
The larger resistance value observed when you are checking the forward resistance of a semiconductor.
Read in Glossary ↗Back-To-Forward
RESISTANCE ratio for a diode is 10 to 1.
Read in Miscellaneous Measurements ↗Backup File
A copy of a program or data file to be used in the event something happens to the original.
Read in Glossary ↗Backup Path
AHRS using backup data path.
Read in Chapter 6 — Airplane Attitude Instrument Flying — Part 3 ↗Backward
WAVE OSCILLATOR (bwo) is a microwave-frequency, velocity-modulated tube that operates on the same principle as the twt.
Read in Microwave Components and Circuits ↗Balanced
PHASE DETECTOR or PHASE-DISCRIMINATOR.
Read in Introduction to Communications Theory ↗Balanced Mixer
Waveguide arrangement that resembles a T and uses crystals for coupling the output to a balanced transformer.
Read in Glossary ↗Balanced Phase Detector
A circuit that controls the oscillator frequency (afc).
Read in Glossary ↗Band
REJECT FILTERS are examples of this type.
Read in Miscellaneous Measurements ↗Band Pass Filter
A tuned circuit that passes only a specific frequency.
Read in Glossary ↗Band Reject Filter
A tuned circuit that does not pass a specified band of frequencies.
Read in Glossary ↗Band-Reject Filter
Rejects the passage of current for a small band of frequencies.
Read in Glossary ↗Bandpass Filter
A filter which allows a narrow band of frequencies to pass through the circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Bandwidth
The frequency within which the performance of a recorder with respect to some characteristic (usually frequency response) falls within specified limits, or within which some performance characteristic (such as noise) is measured.
Read in Glossary ↗Bank Attitude
The angle of the lateral axis relative to the horizon.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Barretter
A type of bolometer characterized by an increase in resistance as the dissipated power rises.
Read in Glossary ↗Base
INJECTION MODULATOR is similar to the control-grid modulator in electron-tube circuits.
Read in Amplitude Modulation ↗Base Film
The plastic substrate material used in magnetic tape that supports the coating.
Read in Glossary ↗Base Leg
A flight path at right angles to the landing runway off its approach end.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Base-Injection Modulator
Similar to control-grid modulator.
Read in Glossary ↗Base-To
COLLECTOR TEST /g3 /g21/g16/g22/g25/g3 Figure 2-19C.
Read in Transistors ↗Basic Ac Generation
When a conductor is in a magnetic field and either the field or the conductor moves, an emf (voltage) is induced in the conductor.
Read in Concepts of Alternating Current ↗Basic Empty Weight
The weight of the standard rotorcraft, operational equipment, unusable fuel, and full operating fluids, including full engine oil.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Basic Optical
MATERIAL PROPERTIES The basic optical property of a material, relevant to optical fibers, is the index of refraction.
Read in Fiber Optic Concepts ↗Basic Transformer
The basic transformer is an electrical device that transfers alternating- current energy from one circuit to another circuit by magnetic coupling of the primary and secondary windings of the transformer.
Read in Transformers ↗Battery
A device for converting chemical energy into electrical energy.
Read in Glossary ↗Battery Capacity
The amount of energy available from a battery.
Read in Glossary ↗Baud
A unit for measuring data transmission speed.
Read in Glossary ↗Bay
Part of an antenna array [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Bb-0
925A, Grade A, or its equivalent is to be used in aircraft breathing oxygen systems.
Read in Aircraft Servicing and Fueling ↗Bdt
BD STABILITY AND CONTROL BODY OF REVOLUTION IN PERFECT FLUID INDUCED FLOW FIELD FROM WING BODY OF REVOLUTION INSUPERSONIC FLOW Figure 4.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 5 ↗Be
cos q5 n=sec $6 rz= load factor or “G” L=lift, lbs.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 4 ↗Beaching
Pulling a seaplane up onto a suitable shore so that its weight is supported by relatively dry ground rather than water.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 1 ↗Beam
LEAD technique is a process developed to batch-fabricate (fabricate many at once) semiconductor circuit elements and integrated circuits with electrodes extended beyond the edges of the 1-25 wafer, as shown in figure 1-27.
Read in Microelectronics ↗Beam-Lead Chip
Semiconductor chip with electrodes (leads) extended beyond the wafer.
Read in Glossary ↗Beam-Power Tube
An electron tube in which the grids are aligned with the control grid.
Read in Glossary ↗Bearing
An angular measurement that indicates the direction of an object in degrees from true north.
Read in Glossary ↗Bearing Resolution
Ability of a radar to distinguish between targets that are close together in bearing.
Read in Glossary ↗Beat
FREQUENCY OSCILLATOR (bfo) frequency.
Read in Demodulation ↗Beat Frequencies
Difference and sum frequencies which result from combining two different frequencies.
Read in Glossary ↗Beat Frequency
The difference between the oscillator frequency and the unknown audio frequency.
Read in Glossary ↗Beat-Frequency Oscillator
An additional oscillator used in a receiver when receiving a cw signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Beaufort Wind Scale
A standardized scale ranging from 0-12 correlating the velocity of the wind with predictable surface features of the water.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 1 ↗Becoming 35
45 KTS IN THE UPPER TREASURE AND MAGIC VALLEYS FOR A FEW HOURS THIS AFTERNOON.
Read in Chapter 27 — Forecasts — Part 8 ↗Bel
The unit that expresses the logarithmic ratio between the input and output of any given component, circuit, or system.
Read in Glossary ↗Beta
The ratio of a change in collector current to a corresponding change in base current, when the collector voltage is constant in a common-emitter circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Beta Measurements
If the transistor is to be tested out of the circuit, plug it into the test jack located on the right-hand side below the meter shown in figure 2-4.
Read in Component Testing ↗Beverage Antenna
A horizontal, long-wire antenna designed for reception and transmission of low-frequency, vertically polarized ground waves [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Bg
~- 90 --·1 00 - ,-----~-,--- , ----______ :_ .
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 3 ↗Bhc- C2Yf
2 ( )L ( )F (See NOTE 10) or BHC-C2YF-2 ( )L ( )U F; Blade Model FJC8459-8R or FJC8459B-8R.
Read in Weighing Equipment and Aircraft Preparation ↗Bhc-C2 Yf
2 ( ) UF, Blade Model FC8459-8R.
Read in Weighing Equipment and Aircraft Preparation ↗Bhc-C2Yf
2 ( )L ( )UF, Blade Model FJC8459-8R.
Read in Weighing Equipment and Aircraft Preparation ↗Bhp
-- POWER AVAILABLE HP VELOCITY, KNOTS :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 3 ↗Bhp)
the horsepower actually delivered to the output shaft.
Read in Aircraft Systems — Part 3 ↗Bias
(1) The alternating current, usually of a frequency several times higher than the highest input signal frequency, that is fed to a record head in addition to the input signal current.
Read in Glossary ↗Bias Current
Current that flows through the base-emitter junction of a transistor and is adjusted to set the operating point of the transistor [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Bidirectional Array
An array that radiates in opposite directions along the line of maximum radiation [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Bilge
The lowest point inside a float, hull, or watertight compartment.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 1 ↗Bilge Pump
A pump used to extract water that has leaked into the bilge of a float or flying boat.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 1 ↗Binary
Two values (0 or 1) or states (ON or OFF); the number system used in computers.
Read in Glossary ↗Binary Code
A method of representing two possible conditions (on or off, high or low, one or zero, the presence of a signal or absence of a signal).
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Binary Digit
(1) A character that represents one of the two digits in the number system that has a radix of two.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Binary Notation
See BINARY NUMBER SYSTEM [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Binary Number System
A number system using two digits, symbols, or characters (usually 1 and 0) [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Binary Point
The radix point that separates powers of two and fractional powers of two in a binary number [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Binary-Coded
The state in which conditions are expressed by a series of binary digits (0's and 1's) [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Binder
A compound consisting of organic resins used to bond the oxide particles to the base material, the actual composition being considered proprietary information by each magnetic tape manufacturer.
Read in Glossary ↗Bistable
A device that is capable of assuming either one of two stable states [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Bistable Multivibrator
A multivibrator that has two stable states.
Read in Glossary ↗Bit
An abbreviation for binary digit; the smallest unit of data, either a 0 or 1.
Read in Glossary ↗Bit Density
(See packing density.
Read in Glossary ↗Bits-Per
SECOND is an acronym of the words binary digit.
Read in Fundamental Systems Equipment ↗Bits-Per-Second
Bit is an acronym of the words binary digit.
Read in Glossary ↗Bkn040
TOP065 Base of broken layer 4,000 ft MSL, top 6,500 ft MSL.
Read in Chapter 24 — Observations — Part 4 ↗Bl
0), there is generally an equal weight at a corresponding location on the right.
Read in Chapter 1 — Weight and Balance Control — Part 2 ↗Bl)
the location at which the metal starts to bend and the line at which the metal stops curving.
Read in Sheet Metal Forming Concepts ↗Black
The reference color of equipment that passes unclassified information.
Read in Glossary ↗Blade Coning
An upward sweep of rotor blades as a result of lift and centrifugal force.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Blade Damper
A device attached to the drag hinge to restrain the fore and aft movement of the rotor blade.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Blade Feather Or Feath
ERING—The rotation of the blade around the spanwise (pitch change) axis.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Blade Flap
The ability of the rotor blade to move in a vertical direc- tion.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Blade Grip
The part of the hub assembly to which the rotor blades are attached, sometimes referred to as blade forks.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Blade Lead Or Lag
The fore and aft movement of the blade in the plane of rotation.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Blade Loading
The load imposed on rotor blades, determined by dividing the total weight of the hel- icopter by the combined area of all the rotor blades.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Blade Root
The part of the blade that attaches to the blade grip.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Blade Span
The length of a blade from its tip to its root.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Blade Stall
The condition of the rotor blade when it is operating at an angle of attack greater than the maximum angle of lift.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Blade Tip
The further most part of the blade from the hub of the rotor.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Blade Track
The relationship of the blade tips in the plane of rota- tion.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Blade Tracking
The mechan- ical procedure used to bring the blades of the rotor into a satisfactory relation- ship with each other under dynamic conditions so that all blades rotate on a common plane.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Blade Twist
The variation in the angle of incidence of a blade between the root and the tip.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Bleeder Current
The current through a bleeder resistor.
Read in Glossary ↗Bleeder Resistor
A resistor which is used to draw a fixed current.
Read in Glossary ↗Block Diagram
A diagram in which the major components of a piece of equipment or of a system are represented by squares, rectangles, or other geometric figures, and the normal flow of a signal or current is represented by lines.
Read in Glossary ↗Blocked
GRID KEYING are shown in figure 1-24.
Read in Amplitude Modulation ↗Blocked Records
One or more logical records grouped and treate d as a unit (physical record or block) for input/output processing.
Read in Glossary ↗Blocked-Grid Keying
A method of keying in which the bias is varied to turn plate current on and off.
Read in Glossary ↗Blocking
A condition in an amplifier, caused by overdriving one or more stages, in which the amplifier is insensitive to small signals immediately after reception of a large signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Blocking Factor
The number of records stored in a record block.
Read in Glossary ↗Blowback
The tendency of the rotor disc to tilt aft in forward flight as a result of flapping.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Blower
104- (3) Starting After the above preparations, the engine may be started in the following manner: (a) Turn fuel valve to "ON.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 8 ↗Bms 5
154 05 film adhesive Sanding PLY 120 fiberglass BMS 5-154 GR 05 film adhesive Carbon fabric 3K-70-PW at ±45 amine or catalytic curing agents with a wide range of flexibilizing and toughening agents.
Read in Composite Matrices and Materials ↗Bo-209
150 FV and RV, 2 PCLM (Normal and Utility Category), approved 9 July 1971 (FV model has fixed nose L.
Read in Routine, Required, and Special Inspections ↗Bolometer
An rf detector that converts rf power to heat, which causes a change in the resistance of the material used in the detector.
Read in Glossary ↗Bonding Wires
Fine wires connecting the bonding pads of the chip to the external leads of the package.
Read in Glossary ↗Boolean
(1) Pertaining to the process used in the algebra formulated by George Boole.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Boolean Algebra
A system of logic dealing with on-off circuit elements associated by such operators as the AND, OR, NAND, NOR, and NOT functions [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Boolean Logic
See BOOLEAN ALGEBRA [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Boot Or Bootstrap
(1) A set of instructions that causes additional instructions to be loaded until the complete computer program is in storage.
Read in Glossary ↗Boundary Conditions
The two conditions that the E-field and H-field within a waveguide must meet before energy will travel down the waveguide.
Read in Glossary ↗Box And Battery Installation
91- indications are that either the DC field has been inadver tently "flashed" in the wrong direction, or that the generator is operating on residual magnetism only.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 8 ↗Braid
The weaving of metal or cloth material as an outer coating to a cable; prevents cable damage from moisture and rough treatment.
Read in Glossary ↗Branch
An individual current path in a parallel circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Break
In a switch, the number of breaks refers to the number of points at which the switch opens the circuit; e.
Read in Glossary ↗Break Elongation
The relative elongation of a specimen of magnetic tape of base film at the instant of breaking when it has been stretched at a given rate.
Read in Glossary ↗Breakdown
The phenomenon occurring in a reverse-biased semiconductor diode.
Read in Glossary ↗Brightness Control
The name given to the potentiometer used to vary the potential applied to the control grid of a CRT.
Read in Glossary ↗Broadcast (Ads
B)− A surveillance system in which an aircraft or vehicle to be detected is fitted with cooperative equipment in the form of a data link transmitter.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 7 ↗Broadside Array
An antenna array in which the direct ion of maximum radiation is perpendicular to the plane of the array.
Read in Glossary ↗Brown Stain
(1) A thin discoloration of the head's top surface, usually a chemical reaction between the head's surface materials and the tape binder, the tape lubricant, or the head's bonding materials.
Read in Glossary ↗Brushes
Sliding contacts, usually carbon, that make electrical connection to the rotating part of a motor or generator.
Read in Glossary ↗Buckling
(1) A deformation of the circular form of a tape pack.
Read in Glossary ↗Buffer
A voltage amplifier used between the oscillator and power amplifier.
Read in Glossary ↗Buffer Amplifier
An amplifier which isolates one circuit from another.
Read in Glossary ↗Buffer Amplifier Stage
Amplifier stage that isolates one circuit from another.
Read in Glossary ↗Bug
A mistake in a program.
Read in Glossary ↗Build
UP AIRPLANE WITH DORSAL FIN STALL ,-ADDED Figure 4.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 6 ↗Build-Up
(1) A snowballing effect started by debris and tape magnetic particles embedded in the contamination.
Read in Glossary ↗Built
IN TEST EQUIPMENT One type of fault isolation that can be either on-line or off-line is BUILT-IN TEST EQUIPMENT (BITE).
Read in Miniature/Microminiature (2M) Repair Program and High-Reliability Soldering ↗Built-In Test Equipment (Bite)
Permanently mounted to the equipment for the purpose of testing the equipment.
Read in Glossary ↗Bulk
ERASED NOISE—See noise.
Read in Glossary ↗Bulk Eraser (Degausser)
An equipment for erasing a full reel of previously recorded signals on tape.
Read in Glossary ↗Bulkhead
A structural parti- tion that divides a float or a flying boat hull into separate compartments and provides additional strength.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 1 ↗Buna
N “O” ring to secure the locking stows.
Read in Chapter 8 — Part 2 ↗Buncher Cavity
The input resonant cavity in a conventional klystron oscillator.
Read in Glossary ↗Buncher Grid
In a velocity-modulated tube, the grid which concentrates the electrons in the electron beam into bunches.
Read in Glossary ↗Buntover
The tendency of a gyroplane to pitch forward when rotor force is removed.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Buoyancy
The tendency of a body to float or to rise when submerged in a fluid.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 1 ↗Buoys
Floating objects moored to the bottom to mark a channel, waterway, or obstruction.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 1 ↗Burnishing Tool
A tool used to clean and polish contacts on a relay.
Read in Glossary ↗Bus Bar
A heavy cooper strap or bar used to connect several circuits together when a large current-carrying capacity is required.
Read in Glossary ↗Butt
JOINTED and EXPANDED BEAM CONNECTORS are two ways to classify fiber optic connectors.
Read in Optical Splices, Connectors, and Couplers ↗Bypass Capacitor
A capacitor used to transfer unwanted signals out of a circuit; e.
Read in Glossary ↗Byte
A group of bits next to each other that is considered a unit; for example an 8- bit byte.
Read in Glossary ↗C (
70 °F) at the tropopause to a maximum of about -3 °C (27 °F) at the stratopause due to this absorption of ultraviolet radiation.
Read in Chapter 4 — The Earth’s Atmosphere ↗C (Mil-E
16400E) Humidity 95 percent plus condensation (MIL-E-16400E) Shock 250 to 600 g (MIL-S-901C) Vibration 5 to 15 Hz, 0.
Read in Microelectronics ↗C 2800 /60 660 (700
1¼) D 2800 -1½ 660 (700-1½) 16 A 3000 /50 835 (900-1) B 3000 /60 835 (900-1¼) C 3000 -2½ 835 (900-2½) D 3000 -2¾ 835 (900-2¾) AG N I L C R I C 3000 -1 835 (900-1) B 3000 -1¼ 835 (900-1¼) C 3000 -2½ 835 (900-2½) D 3000 -2¾ 835 (900-2¾) Circling not authorized west of Rwy 16-34.
Read in Chapter 4 — Approaches — Part 8 ↗C Fus
WING STA 0L 379 411 437 511.
Read in Helicopter Structures ↗C L
MAX and a reduction in the AOA where stall occurs can result from a relatively small ice accretion.
Read in Chapter 4 — Aerodynamic Factors — Part 3 ↗C Nrst
NEAREST AIRPORTS RNWY NA V1 108.
Read in Chapter 11 — Emergency Operations — Part 2 ↗C)
22 V dc; (D) 600 V ac; (E) 1.
Read in Circuit Measurement ↗C/)
~--r-- -~- -------1--+-- 1 1 i r-;-J+----~--:---1 -r---r--~-~---~---t--:---r---~--~·-:·----~ ~ .
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 3 ↗Ca Mil
C 12889 Paper, By-Pass Non-ER I 19978 CB 10950 Mica, Button, Feed-Thru Non-ER A CC 20 Ceramic, Encap.
Read in The Technician's Handbook ↗Ca Vitation
A condition that exists in a fluid pump when there is not enough pressure in the reservoir to force fluid to the inlet of the pump.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Cable
Either a stranded conductor (single-conductor cable) or a combination of conductors insulated from one another (multiple-conductor cable).
Read in Glossary ↗Cable Harness
A group of wires or ribbons of wiring used to interconnect electronic systems and subsystems.
Read in Glossary ↗Cable- And Wire
MARKING SYSTEMS Cables and wires are marked to give the technician a means of tracing them when troubleshooting and repairing electrical and electronic systems.
Read in Schematic Reading ↗Cac
1) covers Southern Florida, Cuba, Haiti and the Bahamas; Caribbean 2 (CAC-2) covers Puerto Rico, Haiti, Dominican Republic, the Lesser Antilles and Leeward Islands.
Read in Complete Aeronautical Chart Users' Guide — Part 4 ↗Cae)
where a computer is used in the engineering of a part or product As computer hardware and software continue to evolve, a greater amount of CAE is completed in less time, at lower cost.
Read in Drawing Types and Document Control ↗Calibrated
REFER TO REPORT label, shown in view B of figure 1-1, has red lettering and a white back ground.
Read in Test Equipment Administration and Use ↗Calibrated Airspeed (Cas)
Indicated airspeed of an aircraft, corrected for installation and instru- mentation errors.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Calorimeter
A device that measures rf power by measuring the heat the rf power generates.
Read in Glossary ↗Camber
The curvature of a wing when look- ing at a cross section.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Cami
Civil Aerospace Medical Institute) en Oklahoma City y en 14 instalaciones militares que cooperan en los Estados Unidos.
Read in Hypoxia — Spanish ↗Can Buoys
Cylindrical buoys marking the left side of a channel for an inbound vessel.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 1 ↗Canopy
STATEMENT OF USE: Each certified canopy shall be marked to show its approved use as follows: 4.
Read in Chapter 5 — Part 7 ↗Capacitance
Capacitance is the property of a circ uit which OPPOSES any CHANGE in the circuit VOLTAGE.
Read in Capacitance ↗Capacitance In Ac Circuits
A capacitor in an ac circuit opposes any change in voltage just as it does in a dc circuit.
Read in Inductive and Capacitive Reactance ↗Capacitive Reactance
The opp osition offered to the flow of an alternating current by capacitance, expressed in ohms.
Read in Glossary ↗Capacitor
A capacitor is a physical device consis ting of two pieces of conducting material separated by an insulating material.
Read in Capacitance ↗Capacitor Filter
This filter is used on extremely high-voltage, low current power supplies and also where the ripple frequency is not critical.
Read in Glossary ↗Capacitor Losses
Power losses in a capacitor are cause d by dielectric leakage and dielectric hysteresis.
Read in Capacitance ↗Capacitor-Start Motor
A type of single-phase, ac induction motor in which a starting winding and a capacitor are placed in series to start the motor.
Read in Glossary ↗Capacitors In A Dc Circuit
When a capacitor is connected to the terminals of a battery, each plate of the capacitor becomes charged.
Read in Capacitance ↗Capacitors In Parallel
The effect of wiring capacitors in parallel is to increase the plate area of the capacitors.
Read in Capacitance ↗Capacitors In Series
The effect of wiring capacitors in series is to increase the distance between plates.
Read in Capacitance ↗Car 3
Airplane Airworthiness—Normal, Utility, Aerobatic, and Restricted Purpose Categories As the name implies, this specific regulation is the basis for the current 14 CFR part 23 regulation [ Figure 2-1].
Read in Operating Rules and Civil Air Regulations ↗Carbon Microphone
Microphone in which sound waves vary the resistance of a pile of carbon granules.
Read in Glossary ↗Carburetor Ice
Ice that forms inside the car- buretor due to the temperature drop caused by the vaporization of the fuel.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Carburetor-Power Plant
- - FILLER HOSE ~-- - )\ \ 'ER- TO INTAKE 11ANifOLD SLIP TANK- 100 6AL.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 6 ↗Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Procedure designed to restore breathing after cardiac arrest.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Carrier
Radio-frequency sine wave.
Read in Glossary ↗Carrier Frequency
The frequency of an unmodulated transmitter output.
Read in Glossary ↗Carrier-Controlled Approach
Shipboard radar system used to guide aircraft to safe landings in poor visibility conditions.
Read in Glossary ↗Carry
(1) One or more digits, produced in connection with an arithmetic operation, that is/are forwarded to another digit place for processing there.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Cart
The engine and seats, attached by a struc- ture to wheels; sometimes referred to as the fuse- lage, cockpit, chaise, or airframe.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Cas)
the ASI reading corrected for position (or installation) and instrument errors.
Read in Aircraft Performance — Part 3 ↗Cast Off
To release or untie a vessel from its mooring point.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 1 ↗Cat I
decision height (DH) 200 feet and runway visual range (RVR) 2,400 feet (with touchdown zone and centerline lighting.
Read in Chapter 4 — Approaches — Part 6 ↗Cat Ii
DH 100 feet and RVR 1,200 feet.
Read in Chapter 4 — Approaches — Part 6 ↗Catcher Grid
In a velocity-modulated tube, a grid on which the spaced electron groups induce a signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Cathode
The general name for any negative electrode.
Read in Glossary ↗Cathode Bias
The method of biasing a vacuum tube by placing the biasing resistor in the common-cathode return circuit, thereby making the cathode more positive with respect to ground.
Read in Glossary ↗Cathode Keying
A system in which the cathode circuit is interrupted so that neither grid current nor plate current can flow.
Read in Glossary ↗Cathode Modulator
Voltage on the cathode is varied to produce the modulation envelope.
Read in Glossary ↗Cathode Sputtering
Process of producing thin film components.
Read in Glossary ↗Cathode-Ray Tube (Crt)
An electron tube that has an electron gun, a deflection system, and a screen.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Cavity Resonator
A space totally enclosed by a metallic conductor and supplied with energy in such a way that it becomes a source of electromagnetic oscillations.
Read in Glossary ↗Cavity Wavemeter
An instrument used to measure microwave frequencies.
Read in Glossary ↗Cb1
long time delay; CB2, CB3-short time delay; CB4 through CB10-instantaneous.
Read in Circuit Protection Devices ↗Cbt)
the use of the personal computer as a training device.
Read in Chapter 10 — The Instructional Process — Part 3 ↗Cd)
at some basic weight, Wi condition (2) applies to some new values of velocity, thrust required, and specific range for (&/CD)- at some different weight, W, and V= velocity, knots W=gross weight, lbs.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 4 ↗Ce- 10
11R1, Special Airworthiness Information Bulletin, dated January 14, 2010, available for download on the FAA’s DRS website.
Read in Chapter 8 — Abnormal and Emergency Procedures — Part 4 ↗Ce-15
13 Date: April 15, 2015 This is information only.
Read in Advisory Circulars and Airworthiness Directives ↗Cell
A single unit that transforms chemical energy into electrical energy.
Read in Glossary ↗Center
FEED or CURRENT-FEED method.
Read in Antennas ↗Center Of Buoyancy
The average point of buoyancy in float- ing objects.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 1 ↗Center Of Gra Vity
The the- oretical point where the entire weight of the helicopter is considered to be concentrated.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Center Of Gra Vity (Cg)
The point at which an aircraft would balance if it were possible to suspend it at that point.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Center Of Gravity Computation
By totaling the weights and moments of all components and objects car- ried, you can determine the point where a loaded heli- copter would balance.
Read in Chapter 6 — Rotorcraft Flight Manual — Part 2 ↗Center Of Lift
The location along the chord line of an airfoil at which all the lift forces pro- duced by the airfoil are considered to be concen- trated.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Center Of Pressure
The point where the resultant of all the aerodynamic forces acting on an air- foil intersects the chord.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Center Of Pressure (Cp)
The point along the wing chord line where lift is considered to be concentrated.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Center-Feed Method
Connecting the center of an antenna to a transmission line which is then connected to the final (output) stage of the transmitter [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Centimeter Cube
A unit of volume for large rectangular or square conductors.
Read in Glossary ↗Centrifugal Force
The apparent force that an object moving along a circular path exerts on the body constraining the object and that acts outwardly away from the center of rotation.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Centripetal Force
The force that attracts a body toward its axis of rotation.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Cermet
A combination of powdered precious-metal alloys and an inorganic material such as alumina.
Read in Glossary ↗Certificated Flight Instructor (Cfi)
A flight instructor authorized by the FAA to provide flight instruction in designated category of aircraft.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Certified Tape
A tape that is electrically tested on a specified number of tracks and is certified by the supplier to have less than a certain total number of permanent errors.
Read in Glossary ↗Certifier
(1) An equipment that tests the ability of magnetic tape to record and reproduce.
Read in Glossary ↗Cessna C
182L 182-500000 N122A 2-26-2008 10 DAYS SHAWNEE, OKLAHOMA DIRECT DOWNTOWN AIRPARK, OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLAHOMA 2-26-2008 JANE A.
Read in Chapter 7 — Part 1 ↗Cfi
See CERTIFIED FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Cfm)
fan blade design, duct design, and engine speed determine the amount of air moved in a given time.
Read in Chapter 2 — Hot Air Balloon Design, Systems, & Theory — Part 2 ↗Cfr
See CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Cg
CM Fuselage Station (in.
Read in Chapter 6 — Rotorcraft Flight Manual — Part 2 ↗Cg)
the point where the glider would balance on the ground if lifted from above or below that position.
Read in Chapter 2 — Components and Systems ↗Cg-Cl
T represents the aircraft’s longitudinal axis from the CG to a point T on the horizontal stabilizer.
Read in Aerodynamics of Flight — Part 2 ↗Ch6Rd
I LOCATION OF MAXIMUM CAMBER RE;L:r; 0 7 LIFT & 0 G DRAG Figure 1.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 1 ↗Channel
Carrier frequency assignment usually with a fixed bandwidth.
Read in Glossary ↗Chapter 1
Rules, Regulations, and Aids for Navigation Privileges and Limitations .
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 1 ↗Chapter 2
Principles of Seaplanes Seaplane Characteristics.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 1 ↗Chapter 3
Water Characteristics and Seaplane Base Operations Characteristics of Water .
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 1 ↗Chapter 4
Seaplane Operations – Preflight and Takeoffs Preflight Inspection .
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 1 ↗Chapter 5
Performance Performance Considerations for Takeoff, Climb, Cruise, and Landing .
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 1 ↗Chapter 6
Seaplane Operations – Landings Landing Area Reconnaissance and Planning.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 1 ↗Chapter 7
Skiplane Operations Skiplane Operations .
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 1 ↗Chapter 8
Emergency Open Sea Operations Operations in Open Seas .
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 1 ↗Chapter 9
Float and Ski Equipped Helicopters Float Equipped Helicopters .
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 1 ↗Character
One symbol; for example, A, Z, a, z, 0, 1, 9, !
Read in Glossary ↗Character (Byte)
A group of related bits (usually eight) that make up a single character letter, number, or special character.
Read in Data Representation and Communications ↗Characteristic Impedance
The ratio of voltage to current at any given point on a transmission line represented by a value of impedance [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Charge
Represents electrical energy.
Read in Glossary ↗Charge Cycle
The period of time that a capacitor in an electrical circuit is storing a charge.
Read in Glossary ↗Checklist
A list of procedures that provides a logical and standardized method to operate a particular make and model aircraft.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Checkride
A practical test administered by an FAA examiner or designated examiner for the purpose of issuing an FAA certificate or rating.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Chemical Action
V oltage produced by chemical reaction in a battery cell.
Read in Matter, Energy, and Electricity ↗Chicken Tracks
(1) A line of small craters in the head's top surface running in the direction of tape motion.
Read in Glossary ↗Chine
The longitudinal seam joining the sides to the bottom of the float.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 1 ↗Chip
A small piece of silicon impregnated with impurities in such a way as to form transistors, diodes, and resistors.
Read in Glossary ↗Chip Detector
A warning device that alerts you to any abnormal wear in a transmission or engine.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Choke
An inductor used to impede the flow of pulsating dc or ac by means of self- inductance.
Read in Glossary ↗Choke Joint
A joint between two sections of waveguide that provides a good electrical connection without power losses or reflections.
Read in Glossary ↗Chop
A roughened condition of the sea surface caused by local winds.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 1 ↗Chord
An imaginary straight line between the leading and trailing edges of an airfoil section.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Chord Line
An imaginary straight line drawn through an airfoil from the leading edge to the trailing edge.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Chordwise Axis
A term used in reference to semirigid rotors describing the flapping or teetering axis of the rotor.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Cinching
(1) The tape folds resulting from longitudinal slippage between the layers of tape in a tape pack.
Read in Glossary ↗Circle-To
LAND MANEUVER− A maneuver initiated by the pilot to align the aircraft with a runway for landing when a straight-in landing from an instrument approach is not possible or is not desirable.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 7 ↗Circuit
The complete path of an electric current.
Read in Glossary ↗Circular Mil
The area of a circle having a diameter of 1 mil.
Read in Glossary ↗Circular Mil-Foot
A unit of volume of a conductor having a cross-sectional area of 1 circular mil and a length of 1 foot [4].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Circular-Mil-Foot
A unit of volume of a conductor having a cross-sectional area of 1 circular mil and a length of 1 foot.
Read in Glossary ↗Clamper
A circuit in which either the upper or lower extremity of a waveform is fixed at a desired value.
Read in Glossary ↗Class A Amplifier Operation
The amplifier is biased so that variations in input signal polarities occur within the limits of cutoff and saturation.
Read in Glossary ↗Class Ab Amplifier Operation
The amplifier is biased so that collector current is cut off for a portion of the alternation of the input signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Class B Airspace
Airspace from the surface to 10,000 feet MSL surrounding the nation’s busiest airports in terms of IFR operations or pas- senger numbers.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Class B Amplifier Operation
The amplifier is biased so that collector current is cut off for one-half of the input signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Class C Airspace
Airspace from the surface to 4,000 feet above the airport elevation (charted in MSL) surrounding those airports having an operational control tower, serviced by radar ap- proach control, and having a certain number of IFR operations or passenger numbers.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Class C Amplifier Operation
The amplifier is biased so that collector current is cut off for more than one-half of the input signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Class D Airspace
Airspace from the surface to 2,500 feet above the airport elevation (charted in MSL) surrounding those airports that have an operational control tower.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Class E Airspace
Airspace that is not Class A, Class B, Class C, or Class D, and it is controlled airspace.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Class G Airspace
Airspace that is uncon- trolled, except when associated with a temporary control tower, and has not been designated as Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D, or Class E airspace.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Clean Rooms
The rooms of which their cleanliness is measured by the number of particles of a given size per cubic foot of room volume.
Read in Glossary ↗Clearance
HOLE method, a hole is drilled in the copper island (terminating end) of the appropriate conductor on the top layer.
Read in Microelectronics ↗Cleared Straight
IN (type) APPROACH” to ensure that the pilot understands that the procedure turn or hold-in-lieu-of PT is not to be flown.
Read in Chapter 4 — Approaches — Part 4 ↗Clip
TYPE FUSEHOLDER The clip-type fuseholder is used for cartridge fuses.
Read in Circuit Protection Devices ↗Closed
40 -20 0 20 40 Fuel Temp.
Read in Fuel Transfer and Jettison Systems ↗Clsd
closed CLT—calculated landing time CM—commercial service airport CMB—climb CMSND—commissioned CNL—cancel CNMPS—Canadian Minimum Navigation Performance Specification Airspace CNS—consolidated NOTAM system CNSP—consolidated NOTAM system processor CO—central office COE—U.
Read in Appendices — Part 3 ↗Clutter
Confusing, unwanted echoes that interfere with the observation of desired signals on a radar indicator.
Read in Glossary ↗Co Asw 27
18 None The pilot's failure to maintain the glider's stability in the roll axis during the takeoff roll, which resulted in a dragged wingtip and ground loop.
Read in Chapter 13 — Human Factors — Part 2 ↗Coating
The magnetic layer of a magnetic tape consisting of oxide particles held in a binder that is applied to the base film.
Read in Glossary ↗Coating Resistance
(1) The electrical resistance of the coating measured between two parallel electrodes spaced a known distance apart along the length of the tape.
Read in Glossary ↗Coating Thickness
The thickness of the magnetic coating applied to the base film.
Read in Glossary ↗Coating-To
BACKING ADHESION—(See anchorage.
Read in Glossary ↗Coaxial Cable
A cable made up of a center conductor separated from an outer conductor by a dielectric material.
Read in Glossary ↗Coaxial Line
A type of transmission line that contains two concentric conductors [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Coaxial-Line Wavemeters
A shorted section of a coaxial line used to measure rf frequencies.
Read in Glossary ↗Coaxil Rotor
A rotor system utilizing two rotors turning in opposite directions on the same centerline.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Code
In teletypewriter operation, code is a combination of mark and space conditions representing symbols, figures, or letters.
Read in Glossary ↗Code-Graded Rubber
Code-graded rubber is the standard that the National Electrical Code (NEC) has adopted as the minimum requirements for rubber insulation as specified by Underwriters' Laboratories.
Read in Electrical Conductors ↗Coefficient Of
An expression of the extent to which two inductors are coupled by magnetic lines of force.
Read in Glossary ↗Coefficient Of Coupling
An expression of the extent to which two inductors are coupled by magnetic lines of force.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Coherence
A definite phase relationship between two energy waves, such as transmitted frequency and reference frequency.
Read in Glossary ↗Coherent
Radiation on one frequency.
Read in Glossary ↗Coherent Oscillator
In cw radar this oscillator supplies phase references to provide coherent video from target returns.
Read in Glossary ↗Coil
An inductive devi ce created by looping turns of wire around a core.
Read in Glossary ↗Cold
CATHODE TUBES The cold-cathode, gas-filled tube differs from the other types of gas-filled tubes in that it lacks filaments.
Read in Special-Purpose Tubes ↗Cold Tubes
After allowing the equipment about two minutes for warm-up, touch all the tubes.
Read in Power Supplies ↗Cold-Cathode Tube
A gas-filled electron tube that conducts without the use of filaments.
Read in Glossary ↗Collective Pitch Con
TROL—The control for changing the pitch of all the rotor blades in the main rotor system equally and simultane- ously and, consequently, the amount of lift or thrust being generated.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Collector
INJECTION MODULATOR is the transistor equivalent of the electron-tube AM plate modulator.
Read in Amplitude Modulation ↗Collector-Injection Modulator
Transistor equivalent of plate modulator.
Read in Glossary ↗Collector-To
EMITTER TEST Figure 2-19B.
Read in Transistors ↗Collinear Array
An array with all the elements in a straight line.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Com2Map
NAVIGATION MAP NORTH UP NAV1 117.
Read in Satellite Navigation and Avionics ↗Combination Array
An array system that uses the characteristics of more than one array [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Combination Circuit
A series-parallel circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Combination Peaking
A technique in which a combination of peaking coils in series and parallel (shunt) with the output signal path is used to improve high-frequency response.
Read in Glossary ↗Combination Ski
A type of aircraft ski that can be used on snow or ice, but that also allows the use of the skiplane’s wheels for landing on runways.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 1 ↗Combustion
Process of burning the fuel/air mixture in the engine in a controlled and predict- able manner.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Common
EMITTER configuration of a transistor amplifier has MEDIUM INPUT and MEDIUM OUTPUT IMPEDANCE.
Read in Amplifiers ↗Common Base
A transistor circuit in which the base electrode is the common element to both input and output circuits.
Read in Glossary ↗Common Collector
A transistor circuit configuration in which the collector is the common element to the input circuit and to the output circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Common Emitter
Circuit configuration in which the emitter is the element common to both the input and the output circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Common Identities Law
In Boolean algebra this law states that anytime the expression A(A + B) = AB or A + AB = A + B appears, it can immediately be simplified to AB without going through the process of using the distributive law, complementary law, or the law of union to simplify [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Common-Base Detector
An amplifying detector where detection occurs in emitter-base junction and amplification occurs at the output of the collector junction.
Read in Glossary ↗Common-Emitter Detector
Often used in receivers to supply detected and amplified output.
Read in Glossary ↗Commutation
The act of a commutator in converting generator output from an ac voltage to a dc voltage.
Read in Glossary ↗Commutative Law
the order in which terms are written does not affect their value (AB = BA, A+B = B+A).
Read in Boolean Algebra ↗Commutator
A mechanical device that reverses armature connections in motors and generators at the proper instant so that current continues to flow in only one direction.
Read in Glossary ↗Comparator
An equipment that compares incoming signals and selects the strongest to be fed to a teletypewriter through a patch panel.
Read in Glossary ↗Compatible Software
Programs that can be run on more than one type of computer.
Read in Glossary ↗Compensating Windings
Windings embedded in slots in pole pieces, connected in series with the armature, whose magnetic field opposes the armature field and cancels armature reaction.
Read in Glossary ↗Compensation
The process of overcoming the problems associated with frequencies in an amplifier.
Read in Glossary ↗Compiler
A program that translates source programs written in a high -level programming language (for example COBOL or FORTRAN) into machine language.
Read in Glossary ↗Complement
A number or state that is the opposite of a specified number or state.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Complement Number
A number that when added to another number gives a sum equal to the base of the number system of operation.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Complementary (Secondary) Colors Of Light
The colors of light produced when two of the primaries are mixed in overlapping beams of light.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Complementary Law
In Boolean algebra this law states that the logical addition of a quantity and its complement will result in 1 and the logical multiplication of a quantity and its complement will result in a product of 0 [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Complex Wave
A wave composed of two or more parts.
Read in Glossary ↗Components Used To Select Horizontal
DEFLECTION MODE For the present, notice only that the HORIZ DISPLAY (horizontal display) in figure 6-29 can be controlled by the TIME/DIV switch.
Read in The Oscilloscope and Spectrum Analyzer ↗Compound
WOUND DC GENERATORS have both series field windings and shunt field windings.
Read in Direct Current Generators ↗Compound-Wound Motors And Generators
Machines that have a series field in addition to a shunt field.
Read in Glossary ↗Compressed Air/Nitrogen Heating Tool
A portable source of heat for use with heat-shrinkable products.
Read in Glossary ↗Compression Waves
Longitudinal waves that have been compressed (made more dense) as they move away from the source [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Computer
COMPATIBLE DIGITAL TAPE RECORDERS Computer-compatible digital tape recorders store and retrieve computer programs and data.
Read in Digital Magnetic Tape Recording ↗Computer Operator
The person who sets up and operates the computer system.
Read in Glossary ↗Computer Programmer
A person who designs, writes, tests, debugs, and doc uments programs.
Read in Glossary ↗Computer System
The cpu (mainframe) with its console, input, and output devices, and secondary (auxiliary) storage devices.
Read in Glossary ↗Computing The Inductance Of A Circuit
When the total inductance of a circuit is computed, the individual inductive values are treated the same as resistance values.
Read in Inductance ↗Concurrent
Pertaining to the occurrence of two or more events or activities within the same specified interval of time [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Conductance
The ability of a material to conduct or carry an electric current.
Read in Glossary ↗Conduction Band
A partially filled energy band in which electrons can move freely.
Read in Glossary ↗Conductivity
Ease with which a substance transmits electricity.
Read in Glossary ↗Conductor
(1) A material with a large number of free electrons.
Read in Glossary ↗Conduit
A tubular raceway, usually metal or plastic, for enclosing wires or cables.
Read in Glossary ↗Conical Scanning
Scanning in which the movement of the beam describes a cone, the axis of which coincides with that of the reflector.
Read in Glossary ↗Connected Array
Another term for DRIVEN ARRAY [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Console
The unit of the computer used by the compute r operator to communicate with and control the computer system.
Read in Glossary ↗Constant
- WEIGHT 8 CONFIGURATION VELOCITY, KNOTS Figure 2.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 4 ↗Contact
In radar, an object that reflects RF energy; target [18].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Contamination
(1) A thick, tacky (viscous) deposit on the head's top surface, which causes a large increase in the effective head-to-tape coefficient of friction.
Read in Glossary ↗Continuity
An uninterrupted, complete path for current flow.
Read in Glossary ↗Continuous
WAVE MODULATION is the basic form of rf communications.
Read in Amplitude Modulation ↗Continuous-Wave Keying
The "on-off" keying of a carrier.
Read in Glossary ↗Control
GRID MODULATOR is used widely in portable and mobile equipment to reduce size and power requirements.
Read in Amplitude Modulation ↗Control Differential Transmitter (Cdx)
A type of synchro that transmits angular information equal to the algebraic sum or difference of the electrical input supplied to its stator, and the mechanical input supplied to its rotor.
Read in Glossary ↗Control Grid
The electrode of a vacuum tube, other than a diode, upon which a signal voltage is impressed to regulate the plate current.
Read in Glossary ↗Control Section
The part of the cpu that directs the flow of operations and data, maintains order in the computer, and initiates execution of the instructions.
Read in Glossary ↗Control Synchro Systems
Synchro systems that contain control synchros and are used to control large amounts of power with a high degree of accuracy.
Read in Glossary ↗Control System
A group of components, systematically organized to perform a specific control purpose.
Read in Glossary ↗Control Tower
A terminal facility that uses air/ground communications, visual signaling, and other devices to provide ATC services to aircraft operating in the vicinity of an airport or on the movement area.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Control Transformer (Ct)
A type of synchro that compares two signals: the electrical signal applied to its stator and the mechanical signal applied to its rotor.
Read in Glossary ↗Control Transmitter (Cx)
A type of synchro that converts a mechanical input, which is the angular position of its rotor, into an electrical output signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Control-Grid Modulator
Uses a variation of grid bias to vary the instantaneous plate voltage and current.
Read in Glossary ↗Controlled Airspace
An airspace of de- fined dimensions within which air traffic control service is provided to IFR flights and to VFR flights in accordance with the airspace classifica- tion.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Conus
Example Chapter 26, Advisories 26-13 Table 26-3.
Read in Chapter 26 — Advisories — Part 2 ↗Conventional Full
WAVE RECTIFIER Figure 4-9B.
Read in Solid-State Power Supplies ↗Conversion
The process of changing ppm or pcm to pdm or pam to make them easier to demodulate.
Read in Glossary ↗Converter
An equipment that changes the audio output of a receiver to dc pulses.
Read in Glossary ↗Cookie-Cutter Tuner
Mechanical magnetron tuning device that changes the frequency by changing the capacitance of the anode cavities.
Read in Glossary ↗Coordinated Turn
Turn made by an aircraft where the horizontal component of lift is equal to the centrifugal force of the turn.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Copper Loss
Power loss in copper conductors caused by the internal resistance of the conductors to current flow.
Read in Glossary ↗Copper Loss (I2R Loss)
The power lost due to the resistan ce of the conductors.
Read in Glossary ↗Copper-Versus
ALUMINUM CONDUCTORS Although silver is the best conductor, its cost limits its use to special circuits.
Read in Electrical Conductors ↗Cor
trol system are most apparent in transonic and supersonic flight.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 6 ↗Cordwood Module
A method of increasing the number of discrete components in a given space.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Core
CLADDING CONCENTRICITY ERROR for multimode fibers is the distance between the core and cladding centers divided by the core diameter.
Read in Fiber Optic Measurement Techniques ↗Core Material
(1) hard core material.
Read in Glossary ↗Coriolis Effect
The tenden- cy of a rotor blade to increase or decrease its velocity in its plane of rotation when the center of mass moves closer or further from the axis of rotation.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Corner
REFLECTOR ANTENNA consists of two flat conducting sheets that meet at an angle to form a corner, as shown in figure 3-8.
Read in Microwave Antennas ↗Corner Reflector
Two flat reflectors that meet at an angle and are normally fed by a half-wave radiator.
Read in Glossary ↗Corner-Reflector Antenna
A half-wave antenna with a reflector consisting of two flat metal surfaces meeting at an angle behind the radiator [10] [18].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Corona
The discharge of electricity from a conductor with a high potential.
Read in Glossary ↗Corrective Maintenance
Used to isolate equipment failures.
Read in Glossary ↗Correspondence
The term given to the positions of the rotors of a synchro transmitter and a synchro receiver when both rotors are on 0 or displaced from 0 by the same angle.
Read in Glossary ↗Coulomb
A measure of the quantity of electricity.
Read in Glossary ↗Coulomb'S Law
Also called the LAW OF ELECTRIC CHARGES or the LAW OF ELECTROSTATIC ATTRACTION.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Counter
ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE is generated in a dc motor as armature coils cut the field flux.
Read in Direct Current Motors ↗Counter Emf
Counter electro motive force; an electromotive force (voltage) induced in a coil that opposes the applied voltage.
Read in Glossary ↗Counterpoise
A network of wire connected to a quarter-wave antenna at one end.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Coupling
The process of transferring energy from one point in a circuit to another point or from one circuit to another.
Read in Glossary ↗Coupling Capacitor
A capacitor used to couple signals.
Read in Glossary ↗Coupling Device
A coupling coil that connects the transmitter to the feeder [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Covalent Bond
A type of linkage between atoms.
Read in Glossary ↗Cp 1325
185 (2) Ta Tg If Tg = Ta and there is no superheat, then: L = 1140 CP (3) Ta Formula (3) may be accurate enough for rough computa- tions.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 2 ↗Cp/M
86®, and MS-DOSB2 are examples.
Read in Software ↗Cp/Mb
86 3, Concurrent® DOS 3, and MSDOS®; (3.
Read in Software ↗Cpdlc
DCL functions automate the Clearance Delivery operations in the ATCT for participating users.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 3 ↗Cpr
Cardio-Pulminary Resuscitation.
Read in Glossary ↗Crab Angle
The angle formed between the direction an aircraft is pointed and the direction it is tracking over the ground resulting from a cross- wind component.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Crack
A narrow, deep break in the head's surface material.
Read in Glossary ↗Cray
1 and CYBER 205) use only fixed-word-length storage.
Read in Data Representation and Communications ↗Creep
The time-dependent strain at a constant stress (tape deformation).
Read in Glossary ↗Cres 304
1⁄8-hard, is used extensively in high-pressure hydraulic systems (3,000 psi or more) for the operation of landing gear, flaps, brakes, and in fire zones.
Read in Rigid Fluid Line Materials and Fabrication ↗Crest (Top)
The peak of the positive alternation (maximum value above the line) of a wave [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Crew Resource Management (Crm)
The application of team management concepts in the flight deck environment.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Crewmember
A person assigned to perform duty in an aircraft during flight time.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Critical Angle
The maximum angle at which radio waves can be transmitted and still be refracted back to earth [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Critical Frequency
The maximum frequency at which a radio wave can be transmitted vertically and still be refracted back to earth [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Crj
200 regional jet overran the runway at Yeager Airport (KCRW) in Charleston, West Virginia (WV).
Read in Airport Operations — Part 5 ↗Crm
related accidents comes from the failure of the pilot to maintain an organized flight deck.
Read in Chapter 7 — Airplane Basic Flight Maneuvers — Part 8 ↗Cross
MODULATION where a spurious response occurs when the carrier 3-40 of a desired signal intermodulates with the carrier of an undesired signal.
Read in Fundamental Systems Equipment ↗Cross Modulation
An intermodulation condition that occurs when a carrier is modulated by an undesired signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Cross-Sectional Area
The area of a "slice" of an object.
Read in Glossary ↗Crossed
ELECTRON and MAGNETIC fields are used in the magnetron to produce the high-power output required in radar and communications equipment.
Read in Microwave Components and Circuits ↗Crossed-Field Amplifier
High -power electron tube that converts dc to microwave power by a combination of crossed electric and magnetic fields.
Read in Glossary ↗Crossfeed
See crosstalk and write feedthrough.
Read in Glossary ↗Crossplay
The ability to interchange recordings between recorders while maintaining a given level of performance.
Read in Glossary ↗Crosstalk
(1) The magnetic coupling from one track to another in the tape's read/write head.
Read in Glossary ↗Crosswind
Wind blowing across rather than parallel to the direction of flight.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Crosswind Correction
Correction applied in order to maintain a straight ground track during flight when a crosswind is present.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Crosswind Landing
Landing made with a wind that is blowing across rather than parallel to the landing direction.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Crosswind Takeoffs
Takeoffs made during crosswind conditions.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Crown
OF-THORNS TUNER [11].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Crown-Of
THORNS TUNER—See Sprocket Tuner.
Read in Glossary ↗Crown-Of-Thorns Tuner
See SPROCKET TUNER [11].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Crystal
A natural substance, such as quartz or tourmaline, that is capable of producing a voltage when under physical stress or of producing physical movement when a voltage is applied [9].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Crystal Furnace
A device for artificially growing cylindrical crystals to be used in the production of semiconductor substrates [14].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Crystal Microphone
Uses the piezo-electric effect of crystalline materials to generate a voltage from sound waves.
Read in Glossary ↗Crystal Oven
Closed oven maintained at a constant temperature in which a crystal and its holder are enclosed to reduce frequency drift.
Read in Glossary ↗Ct)
primary frequency Runways with Right Traffic Patterns (public use) Star indicates operation part-time.
Read in Complete Aeronautical Chart Users' Guide — Part 1 ↗Ctaf
See COMMON TRAFFIC ADVISORY FREQUENCY .
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Ctaf)
A frequency designed for the purpose of carrying out airport advisory practices while operating to or from an airport without an operat- ing control tower.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Cupping
(1) The curvature of a magnetic tape pack in the lateral direction.
Read in Glossary ↗Current
The horizontal movement of a body of water.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 1 ↗Current Probe
An inductive device used for measuring the current in a conductor.
Read in Glossary ↗Current Rating
The safe current-carrying capacity of a wire or cable on a continuous basis.
Read in Glossary ↗Current Regulator
A circuit that provides a constant current output.
Read in Glossary ↗Current Standing-Wave Ratio (Iswr)
The ratio of maximum to minimum current along a transmission line [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Current Tracer
An inductively coupled device used for tracing current paths to determine the cause of low-impedance faults on a printed-circuit board.
Read in Glossary ↗Current-Feed Method
Same as CENTER-FEED METHOD [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Cursor
A pointer (a dot of light) on a crt screen to let you know the next position in which data will be entered.
Read in Glossary ↗Curv
The characteristic curve of an electron tube used to graphically depict the relationship between plate voltage (Ep) and the plate current (Ip).
Read in Glossary ↗Curve
The characteristic curve of an electron tube used to graphically depict the relationship between plate voltage (Ep) and plate current (Ip) [6].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Cusps
Sharp phase reversals.
Read in Glossary ↗Custom Software
Programs designed and written to the specifications of a user or an organization.
Read in Glossary ↗Cut
OUT CABIN CLIMB 1000 FE E T P ER M IN 0 .
Read in Heat, Pressure, and Gas Laws ↗Cutoff
The condition in a tube or transistor whereby the reverse bias prevents current flow [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Cutoff Frequency
The frequency at which the attenuation of a waveguide increases sharply and below which a traveling wave in a given mode cannot be maintained.
Read in Glossary ↗Cvsf 400
Hz aircraft servicing: three synthetic rubber insulated conductors and one uninsulated conductor, overall polychloroprene jacket.
Read in The Technician's Handbook ↗Cw Demodulator
A circuit that detects the presence of rf oscillations and converts them into a useful form.
Read in Glossary ↗Cycle
One com plete positive and one complete negative alternation of a current or voltage.
Read in Glossary ↗Cyclic Feathering
The mechanical change of the angle of incidence, or pitch, of individual rotor blades independently of other blades in the system.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Cyclic Pitch Control
The control for changing the pitch of each rotor blade individually as it rotates through one cycle to govern the tilt of the rotor disc and, consequently, the direction and velocity of horizontal movement.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Cylindrical Parabolic Reflector
A parabolically shaped reflector that resembles part of a cylinder.
Read in Glossary ↗Cyr
000 CYA-000 (MU) D-000 SPECIAL USE AIRSPACE WALL 1 MOA WALL 2 MOA Exclusion area and note Line delimits internal separation of same special use area or exclusion areas IR-15-17 AINSWORTH 114.
Read in Chapter 2 — En Route Operations — Part 2 ↗Cyr10 (Mil-C
23269/1) style of capacitor.
Read in The Technician's Handbook ↗D Flip
FLOP ¾ Stores the data bit (D) in conjunction with the clock input.
Read in Glossary ↗D'Arsonval Meter Movement
The permanent-magnet moving-coil movement used in most meters [3] [16].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗D-Cs
Digital Chart Supplement.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗D1 Ads
C with FANS 1/A capabilities G1 ADS-C with ATN capabilities Alphanumeric characters not indicated above are reserved.
Read in Chapter 1 — Departure Procedures — Part 5 ↗Daimler
BENZ AEROSPACE AG DEUTSCHE AEROSPACE AG MESSERSCHMITT-BÖLKOW-BLOHM AG MESSERSCHMITT-BÖLKOW-BLOHM GMBH BO-209-150 FV & RV BO-209-160 FV & RV BO-209-150 FF July 9, 2015 TYPE CERTIFICATE DATA SHEET NO.
Read in Routine, Required, and Special Inspections ↗Damaged Resistors Or Capacitors
A resistor that is discolored or charred has been subjected to an overload.
Read in Power Supplies ↗Damped Wave
A sinusoidal wave in which the amplitude steadily decreases with time.
Read in Glossary ↗Damping
The process of smoothing oscillations of the meter pointer.
Read in Glossary ↗Data
Facts represented by numbers, letters, or symbols to which meaning is or can be assigned.
Read in Glossary ↗Data Base
A structured collection of data that can be extracted, organized, and manipulated by a program.
Read in Glossary ↗Data Communications
The means by which data is transmitted electronically from one location to another over a communications channel.
Read in Glossary ↗Data Processing
The execution of a systematic sequence of operations performed upon data.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Data Representation
The symbols and codes used by compute rs to represent letters, numbers, and special characters.
Read in Glossary ↗Data Transmission
The transfer of information from one place to another or from one part of a system to another.
Read in Glossary ↗Datum
An imaginary vertical plane or line from which all measurements of moment arm are taken.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Daymarks
Conspicuous markings or shapes that aid in making navigational aids readily visible and easy to identify against daylight viewing back- grounds.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 1 ↗Dc
voltage output is erratic or low, check all connections to be sure they are clean and tight, and examine voltage regulator plug in connections for cor rosion or poor contact.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 7 ↗Dc 20402
9325 http://bookstore.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents ↗Dc 20591
0004 (866) TELL-FAA (866-835-5322) toll-free www.
Read in Chapter 10 — Part 2 ↗Dc And Ac
Direct current flows in one direction only , while alternating current is constantly changing in amplitude and direction.
Read in Concepts of Alternating Current ↗Dc-8
71F left main landing gear would not extend for landing.
Read in Human Factors Resources ↗Dead Short
A short circuit having minimum resistance.
Read in Glossary ↗Debugging
The process of finding errors (bugs) in a program or system and correcting them so that the program or system runs correctly.
Read in Glossary ↗Dec 2010 Sc
5, 18 NO NOT FOR NAVIGATION Figure 4-4.
Read in Chapter 4 — Approaches — Part 1 ↗Decade Resistor (Decade Resistance Box)
It typically has two or more sections, each containing 10 precision resistors wired to selector switches.
Read in Glossary ↗Decide Model
Model developed to help pilots remember the six-step decision-making process: Detect, Estimate, Choose, Identify, Do, Evaluate.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Decimal
Pertaining to the number representation system with a radix of ten [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Decimal Digit
In decimal notation, one of the characters 0 through 9 [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Decimal Notation
A fixed radix notation where the radix is ten [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Decimal Numeral
A decimal representation of a number [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Decimal Point
The radix point in decimal representation [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Deck
The top of the float, which can serve as a step or walk- way.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 1 ↗Deck Angle
The angle of the cart’s lower frame (from the front wheel to the rear wheels), to the landing surface.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Decoupling Capacitor
A capacitor used to transfer unwanted signals out of a circuit; e.
Read in Glossary ↗Defect
(1) An imperfection in the tape leading to a variation in output or a dropout.
Read in Glossary ↗Deflection Coils
In a cathode-ray tube, coils used to bend an electron beam a desired amount.
Read in Glossary ↗Deflection Plates
Two pairs of parallel electrodes, one pair set forward of the other and at right angles to each other, parallel to the axis of the electron stream within an electrostatic cathode-ray tube.
Read in Glossary ↗Degeneration
The process whereby a part of the output signal of an amplifying device is returned to its input circuit in such a manner that it tends to cancel part of the input.
Read in Glossary ↗Degenerative Feedback
Feedback in which the feedback signal is out of phase with the input signal, also called NEGATIVE FEEDBACK.
Read in Glossary ↗Degree-Of-Freedom
The number of axes about which a gyro is free to precess.
Read in Glossary ↗Deionization Potential
The potential at which ionization of the gas within a gas-filled tube ceases and conduction stops, also referred to as extinction potential.
Read in Glossary ↗Deionization Time
In a spark gap, the time required for ionized gas to return to its neutral state after the spark is removed.
Read in Glossary ↗Delay Modulation
(See modified frequency modulation.
Read in Glossary ↗Delta
A 3-phase connection in which windings are connected end-to-end, forming a closed loop that resembles the Greek letter Delta.
Read in Glossary ↗Delta Hinge
A flapping hinge with a skewed axis so that the flapping motion introduces a component of feathering that would result in a restor- ing force in the flap-wise direction.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Demodulation
The removal of intelligence from a transmission medium.
Read in Glossary ↗Demodulator
A circuit used in servo systems to convert an ac signal to a dc signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Density
(1) The compactness of a substance.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Density Altitude
Pressure altitude corrected for nonstandard temperature variations.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Department Of Transportation
FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION CERTIFICATE OF AIRCRAFT REGISTRATION NATIONALITY AND REGISTRATION MARKS AIRCRAFT SERIAL NO.
Read in Chapter 2 — Hot Air Balloon Design, Systems, & Theory — Part 3 ↗Departure Leg
The leg of the rectangular traffic pattern that is a straight course aligned with, and leading from, the takeoff runway.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Departure/Depar
TURE ROUTE (number, name, etc.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 3 ↗Depletion Region
The region in a semiconductor where essentially all free electrons and holes have been swept out by the electrostatic field that exists there.
Read in Glossary ↗Depot
LEVEL MAINTENANCE (SM&R Code D)—Supports S&R Code I and SM&R Code O activities through extensive shop facilities and equipment and more highly skilled personnel.
Read in Glossary ↗Der
specific delegations, and FAA-approved manufacturer Service Bulletins (SB).
Read in Performance, Records, and Inspections ↗Designated Pilot Examiner (Dpe)
An individual designated by the FAA to administer practical tests to pilot applicants.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Designation
Operational phase of a fire - control or track radar during which the radar is directed to the general direction of a desired target.
Read in Glossary ↗Destruction Notice
For unclassified, limited documents, destroy by any method that will prevent disclosure of contents or reconstruction of the document.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 1 ↗Detection
The separation of low-frequency (audio) intelligence from the high (radio) frequency carrier.
Read in Glossary ↗Detector
A circuit in which demodulation or restoration of the original intelligence is achieved.
Read in Glossary ↗Deviation
A compass error caused by magnetic disturbances from the electrical and metal components in the aircraft.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Dh200
4 80 110 60 4 45 6 SPD LIM VI INOP NAV2 108.
Read in Satellite Navigation and Avionics ↗Die Bonding
Process of mounting a chip to a package.
Read in Glossary ↗Dielectric
An insulator; a ter m applied to the insulating material between the plates of a capacitor.
Read in Glossary ↗Dielectric Constant
The ratio of a given dielectric to the dielectric value of a vacuum.
Read in Glossary ↗Dielectric Field
The space between and around charged bodies in which their influence is felt.
Read in Glossary ↗Dielectric Heating
The heating of an insulating material by a high-frequency electric field [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Dielectric Hysteresis Loss
Power loss of a capacitor due to t he changes in orientation of electron orbits in the dielectric caused by rapid reversal in polarity of line voltage.
Read in Glossary ↗Dielectric Leakage
Pow er loss of a capacitor due to the leakage of current through the dielectric.
Read in Glossary ↗Dielectric Losses
The electric energy that is converted to heat in a dielectric subjected to a varying electric field.
Read in Glossary ↗Dielectric Strength
The ability of an insulator to withstand a potential difference without breaking down.
Read in Glossary ↗Difference Frequency
See BEAT FREQUENCY [18].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Difference Of Potential
The voltage existing between two points.
Read in Glossary ↗Differential
INPUT, DIFFERENTIAL-OUTPUT, DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER When a differential amplifier is connected with a differential input and a differential output, the full potential of the circuit is used.
Read in Special Amplifiers ↗Differential Amplifier
An amplifier with an output which is determined by the difference between two input signals and which can provide up to two output signals.
Read in Glossary ↗Differential Voltmeter
A precision voltmeter that measures an unknown voltage by comparing it to a precision internal-reference voltage supply.
Read in Glossary ↗Diffraction
The bending of waves (as light or RF) when the waves are met with some form of obstruction [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Diffusion
Controlled application of impurity atoms to a semiconductor substrate.
Read in Glossary ↗Digit
A symbol that represents one of the nonnegative integers smaller than the radix.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Digital
AUTOMATIC TERMINAL INFORMATION SERVICE.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 7 ↗Digital Computer
A computer that solves problems on discrete data using 0's and 1's (OFF and ON states) to represent data and operations.
Read in Glossary ↗Digital Recording
(1) A method of recording in which the information is first coded in a digital form.
Read in Glossary ↗Digital-Automatic Terminal Information Service (D
ATIS) − The service provides text messages to aircraft, airlines, and other users outside the standard reception range of conventional ATIS via landline and data link communications to the cockpit.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 7 ↗Diode
An electron tube containing two electrode, a cathode, and a plate.
Read in Glossary ↗Diode Detector
A demodulator that uses one or more diodes to provide a rectified output with an average value that is proportional to the original modulation.
Read in Glossary ↗Diode Measurements
Diode qualitative in-circuit measurements are attained by connecting the green test lead to the cathode and the yellow test lead to the anode.
Read in Component Testing ↗Dipole
A common type of half-wave antenna made from a straight piece of wire cut in half.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Direct
ACCESS STORAGE is obtained by using magnetic disks and drums.
Read in Data Representation and Communications ↗Direct Access
A storage method that allows the com puter to locate and read a particular record without having to search through an entire file.
Read in Glossary ↗Direct Control
The ability to maneuver a rotorcraft by tilting the rotor disc and changing the pitch of the rotor blades.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Direct Current
An electric current that flows in one direction only.
Read in Glossary ↗Direct Recording
An analog recording that records and reproduces data in the electrical form of its source.
Read in Glossary ↗Direct Shaft Turbine
A shaft turbine engine in which the com- pressor and power section are mount- ed on a common driveshaft.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Direct Short
A connection between two points in a circuit, such as between a component and ground.
Read in Glossary ↗Directional Antenna
An antenna that radiates most effectively in only one direction.
Read in Glossary ↗Directional Coupler
A device that samples the energy traveling in a waveguide for use in another circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Directional Stability
Stability about the vertical axis of an aircraft, whereby an aircraft tends to return, on its own, to flight aligned with the relative wind when disturbed from that equi- librium state.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Directivity
The narrowness of the radiated beam from an antenna.
Read in Glossary ↗Directly Heated Cathode
A wire, or filament, designed to emit electrons that flow from cathode to plate.
Read in Glossary ↗Director
The parasitic element of an array that reinforces energy coming from the driver element [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Disc Area
The area swept by the blades of the rotor.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Disc Loading
The total heli- copter weight divided by the rotor disc area.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Discolored Or Leaking Transformer
This is a sure sign that there is a short somewhere.
Read in Power Supplies ↗Discrete Components
Individual transistors, diodes, resistors, capacitors, and inductors.
Read in Glossary ↗Discriminator
A circuit in which amplitude variations are derived in response to phase or frequency variations.
Read in Glossary ↗Disk
(1) A disk-drive storage device on which information is magnetically recorded and retrieved.
Read in Glossary ↗Disk Drive
A direct -access storage device for recording and retrieving data on hard (rigid) disk or floppy disks (diskettes).
Read in Glossary ↗Disk Pack
A mass storage device in which information is stored on one or both sides of a rigid disk that can be magnetized.
Read in Glossary ↗Diskette
A mass storage device in which information is stored on one or both sides of a flexible disk that can be magnetized.
Read in Glossary ↗Dispersion
The distribution of the oxide particles within a tape's binder.
Read in Glossary ↗Displacement Current
The current which appears to flow throu gh a capacitor.
Read in Glossary ↗Dissymmetry Of Lift
The unequal lift across the rotor disc resulting from the difference in the velocity of air over the advancing blade half and retreating blade half of the rotor disc area.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Distilled
WATER COOLING system.
Read in Radar System Maintenance ↗Distilled Water
Water that has been purified through a process of evaporation and condensation.
Read in Glossary ↗Distortion
(see harmonic distortion.
Read in Glossary ↗Distributed Constants
The constants of inductance, capacitance, and resistance in a transmission line.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Distributive Law
(1) a term (A) ANDed with an parenthetical expression (B+C) equals that term ANDed with each term within the parenthesis: A (B+C) = AB+AC; (2) a term (A) ORed with a parenthetical expression ( B C) equals that term ORed with each term within the parenthesis: A+(BC) = (A+B) (A+C).
Read in Boolean Algebra ↗Dln
415 DB-130 — 111W151 N/A DY-340-12 — 111W155 206RB-4 LU-563 LU2-400 — 112W116 333RB-1 LH-515 LT2-220 — 17W15 199R-2A LZ-780-11 68 or 69 class N/A — 733-R2 — N/A — and service.
Read in Chapter 5 — Part 3 ↗Do-280B/Ed
110B) for data link services air traffic control clearance and information/air traffic control communications management/air traffic control microphone check.
Read in Chapter 1 — Departure Procedures — Part 5 ↗Dock
To secure a seaplane to a permanent structure fixed to the shore.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 1 ↗Domain Theory
A theory of magnetism based upon the electron-spin principle.
Read in Glossary ↗Dominant Mode
The easiest mode to produce in a waveguide, and also, the most efficient mode in terms of energy transfer.
Read in Glossary ↗Donor
An impurity that can make a semiconductor material an N-type by donating extra "free" electrons to the conduction band.
Read in Glossary ↗Donor Impurity
See PENTAVALENT IMPURITY.
Read in Glossary ↗Doorknob Tube
An electron tube that is similar to the acorn tube but larger.
Read in Glossary ↗Doping
The process of adding impurities to semiconductor crystals to increase the number of free charges that can be moved by an external, applied voltage.
Read in Glossary ↗Doppler Effect
In radar, the change in frequency of a received signal caused by the relative motion between the radar and the target.
Read in Glossary ↗Doppler Frequency
Difference between transmitted and reflected frequencies; caused by the Doppler effect.
Read in Glossary ↗Dot
E 8162 approved cylinders are now approved under DOT-SP-8162 specifications.
Read in Physiology of Flight and the Atmosphere ↗Dot-E
8162 are also popular for their extremely light weight.
Read in Physiology of Flight and the Atmosphere ↗Dot/Faa/Pm
84/29, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 37 pp.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 5 ↗Double
BUTTON CARBON MICROPHONE is shown in figure 1-33, view (B).
Read in Amplitude Modulation ↗Double Negative Law
a term that is inverted twice is equal to the term COMPLEMENTARY LAW - a term ANDed with its complement equals 0, and a term ORed with its complement equals 1 (AA = 0, A+A = 1).
Read in Boolean Algebra ↗Double Receiver
A fine and coarse synchro receiver enclosed in a common housing with a two-shaft output (one shaft inside the other).
Read in Glossary ↗Double-Moding
In a transmitter output tube, the abrupt and random change from one frequency to another [18].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Doublet
Another name for the dipole antenna [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Doubling Up
This is a type of two-equipment installation where one unit can be substituted for another in the event of failure.
Read in Glossary ↗Down
LINK frequency, and transmits it back to earth.
Read in Introduction to Satellite Communications ↗Down Link
The frequency used to transmit an amplified signal from the satellite back to earth.
Read in Glossary ↗Downswell
Motion in the same direction the swell is moving.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 1 ↗Downtime
The length of time the computer is not operat ing, either because of preventive maintenance (scheduled downtime) or a malfunction (nonscheduled downtime).
Read in Glossary ↗Downwind Leg
Leg of the traffic pattern flown parallel to the landing runway, but in a direction opposite to the intended landing direction.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Dpdt)
activates two separate circuits at the same time.
Read in Aircraft Lighting Systems ↗Dpe
See DESIGNATED PILOT EXAMINER.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Dpst)
turn two circuits on and off with one lever.
Read in Aircraft Lighting Systems ↗Drag
An aerodynamic force on a body acting parallel and opposite to relative wind.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Drift
TUBE ASSEMBLY, the three CAVITIES, and the COLLECTOR PLATE of the three-cavity klystron are operated at ground potential for reasons of safety.
Read in Microwave Components and Circuits ↗Drift Correction
Correction that is applied to counter the affects of wind on an aircraft’s flight and ground track.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Drift Space
In an electron tube, a region free of external fields in which relative electron position depends on velocity.
Read in Glossary ↗Driven Array
An array in which all of the elements are driven [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Driven Element
The element of an antenna connected directly to the transmission line [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Driver
An electronic circuit that supplies the input to another circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Dropout
(1) A temporary reduction in the output of a magnetic tape of more than a certain predetermined amount.
Read in Glossary ↗Dropout Count
The number of dropouts detected in a given length of magnetic tape.
Read in Glossary ↗Drum
TYPE ARMATURE A drum-type armature is shown in figure 1-13.
Read in Direct Current Generators ↗Drum-Type Armature
An efficient, popular type of armature designed so that the entire length of the winding is cutting the field at all times.
Read in Glossary ↗Dry
AIR, and LIQUID-COOLING SYSTEMS.
Read in Radar System Maintenance ↗Dry Cell
An electrical cell in which the electrolyte is not a liquid.
Read in Glossary ↗Dry Concrete
-CONCRETE \- \ \ LIGHT RAIN \ \ HEAVY RAIN I i- LOCKED WHEEL IO 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 PER CENT SLIP Figure 6.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 8 ↗Dry-Air System
Provides dehumidified air for electronic equipment that is moisture critical.
Read in Glossary ↗Ds000
TOP083/SKC /RM DURC Flight visibility 1 SM, base heavy dust storm layer at the surface, top 8,300 ft MSL, clear above, remarks, during climb.
Read in Chapter 24 — Observations — Part 4 ↗Dtfawa-15-D
00031 with support from AvMet Applications, Inc.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 1 ↗Dual
SPEED SYNCHRO SYSTEM A basic dual-speed synchro system consists of two transmitters and two receivers, as shown in figure 1-34.
Read in Synchros ↗Dual Flight
Flight time that is received and logged as training time.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Dual In-Line Package (Dip)
IC package having two parallel rows of preformed leads.
Read in Glossary ↗Dual Rotor
A rotor system uti- lizing two main rotors.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Dual-Gate Mosfet
A two-gate MOSFET in which either gate can control the conductor independently, a fact which makes this MOSFET very versatile.
Read in Glossary ↗Ductile
Easily drawn out-as to form filaments or wires.
Read in Glossary ↗Ducting
Trapping of an rf wave between two layers of the earth's atmosphere or between an atmospheric layer and the earth.
Read in Glossary ↗Dummy Load
A device used at the end of a transmission line or waveguide to convert transmitted energy into heat so no energy is radiated outward or reflected back.
Read in Glossary ↗Duplexer
A radar device that switches the antenna from the transmitter to the receiver and vice versa.
Read in Glossary ↗Durability
The number of passes that can be made before a significant degradation of output occurs, divided by the corresponding number that can be made using a reference tape.
Read in Glossary ↗Duration To Be Short
LIVED NXT ADVISORY: NO FURTHER ADVISORIES= Chapter 26, Advisories 26-33 26.
Read in Chapter 26 — Advisories — Part 5 ↗Duty Cycle
In a transmitter, ratio of time on to time off.
Read in Glossary ↗Dynamic Microphone
A device in which sound waves move a coil of fine wire that is mounted on the back of a diaphragm and located in the magnetic field of a permanent magnet.
Read in Glossary ↗Dynamic Range
(1) The bandwidth within which a satisfactory signal-to-noise ratio is obtained.
Read in Glossary ↗Dynamic Rollover
The ten- dency of a helicopter to continue rolling when the critical angle is exceeded, if one gear is on the ground, and the helicopter is pivoting around that point.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Dynamic Skew
The change in skew caused by tape motion.
Read in Glossary ↗E 2
- ------------- -- 1.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 3 ↗E 3
- -------------- - 1.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 3 ↗E 5
- ----- -- -- -- - 1.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 3 ↗E C
1 , E C - 1 , Figure 7-21.
Read in Chapter 9 — Navigation Systems — Part 3 ↗E- St
1220 28 *-~- 3 -)Hf- 3 -X-~(- 4618 J.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 8 ↗E-Field
Electric field that exists when a difference in electrical potential causes a stress in the dielectric between two points.
Read in Glossary ↗E-Lsa
certified airplanes may be used for sport and recreation and flight instruction for the owner of the airplane.
Read in Chapter 17 — Transition to Light Sport Airplanes — Part 1 ↗E-Lsa (Experimental Light-Sport Air
CRAFT)—An aircraft issued an experimental certificate under Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 21.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗E-Nrz
L) Encoding This encoding method takes the basic NRZ-L data and adds a parity bit to it after every seven incoming data bits.
Read in Digital Magnetic Tape Recording ↗E-Transformer
A special form of differential transformer using an E-shaped core.
Read in Glossary ↗E-Type T-Junction
A waveguide junction in which the junction arm extends from the main waveguide in the same direction as the E-field in the waveguide.
Read in Glossary ↗E/W /18Wnw Mcb
60E MEM/ HAIL SURFACE AND ALOFT.
Read in Chapter 27 — Forecasts — Part 8 ↗E0410-Aa
HBK-010/00K ELEXSAFE.
Read in The Technician's Handbook ↗E18000
W18000 (or E180-W180) is used when the entire band is affected.
Read in Chapter 26 — Advisories — Part 5 ↗E2
E1, is sufficient to allow V1 to pass a current equal to the desired load current.
Read in Power Supplies ↗Each
··;; ------------=x--- / ' ' ' I -- I \ AND fUTURE ONLY Fig.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 6 ↗Eas)
the ASI reading corrected for position (or installation), for instrument error, and for adiabatic compressible flow for the particular altitude.
Read in Aircraft Performance — Part 3 ↗Eccles
JORDAN multivibrator which was a little ahead of its time because a trigger circuit is one of many components required to make an electronic digital computer.
Read in Operational Concepts ↗Echo
The rf signal reflected back from a radar target.
Read in Glossary ↗Echo Box
A resonant cavity device that is used to check the overall performance of a radar system.
Read in Glossary ↗Eclipse
This occurs when the satellite is not in view or in direct line of sight with the sun.
Read in Glossary ↗Eddy Current
Induced circulating currents in a conducting material that are caused by a varying magnetic field.
Read in Glossary ↗Eddy Current Loss
Losses caused by random current flowing in the core of a transformer.
Read in Glossary ↗Eddy Currents
Currents induced in the body of a conducting mass by a variation in magnetic flux.
Read in Glossary ↗Edge
EMITTING LED'S (ELEDs) emit light in a narrow emission angle allowing for better source-to-fiber coupling.
Read in Optical Sources and Fiber Optic Transmitters ↗Edison Effect
Also called Richardson Effect.
Read in Glossary ↗Eds
011 portable pulse-demand oxygen system.
Read in Aircraft Systems — Part 5 ↗Ee169-Ca-Gyd
010/E110 TSER E & I, (Published under the authority of the Secretaries of the Air Force, Army, and Navy), 1983.
Read in References ↗Efd
equipped aircraft without the use of an autopilot has been shown to increase workload and decrease situational awareness for pilots first learning to flying the new system.
Read in Chapter 7 — Airplane Basic Flight Maneuvers — Part 8 ↗Effect Of Altitude On Endur
ANCE, PROPELLER DRIVEN AIRPLANES.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 4 ↗Effect Of Inlet Temperature
REDUCED AXIAL FLOW VELOCITY TEMPERATURE EXHAUST CHANGE TEMPERATURE RISE THROUGH COMBUSTION -- CHAMBER INLET .
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 3 ↗Effect Of Win0 On Range
I- VELOCITY, KNOTS VELOCITY VELOCITY Figure 2.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 4 ↗Effective Value
The effective value of an alternati ng current or voltage is the value of alternating current or voltage that produces the same amount of heat in a resistive component that would be produced in the same component by a direct current or voltage of the same value.
Read in Concepts of Alternating Current ↗Efficiency
The ratio of output power to input power, generally expressed as a percentage.
Read in Glossary ↗Efs
2500, which works by breaking the bond between the substrate and primer.
Read in Finish Repair and Painting Safety ↗Eia/Tia-455
57 describes how to properly prepare fiber ends for measurement purposes.
Read in Fiber Optic Measurement Techniques ↗Eia/Tia-526
14 method B (multimode fiber) or EIA/TIA-526-7 (single mode fiber).
Read in Fiber Optic Measurement Techniques ↗Eis
See ENGINE INFORMATION SYSTEM.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Elasticity
The ability of a substance to return to its original state [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Ele
CTRICA,L INSTALiATION ('<J79-5S"2"'#) INCLINOMETER INSTAL.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 7 ↗Electric (E) Field
The field of force that is produced as a result of a voltage charge on a conductor or antenna [10] [11].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Electric Current
The flow of electrons.
Read in Glossary ↗Electrical
OUTPUT frequencies of ac generators can be measured by VIBRATING-REED devices or TUNED CIRCUITS.
Read in Miscellaneous Measurements ↗Electrical Chemical
The action of converting chemical energy into electrical energy [1].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Electrical Power System
Provides the necessary input power.
Read in Glossary ↗Electrical Symbols
Graphic symbols used to illustrate the various electrical or electronic components of a circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Electrical Zero
A standard synchro position, with a definite set of stator voltages, that is used as the reference point for alignment of all synchro units.
Read in Glossary ↗Electrical-Lock
A synchro zeroing method.
Read in Glossary ↗Electrochemical
The action of converting chemical energy into electrical energy.
Read in Glossary ↗Electrode
The terminal at which electricity passes from one medium into another, such as in an electrical cell where the current leaves or returns to the electrolyte.
Read in Glossary ↗Electrode Resistance Measurements
Connect the in-circuit probe test leads to the transistor with the yellow lead to the emitter, the green lead to the base, and the blue lead to the collector.
Read in Component Testing ↗Electrodynamic Meter Movement
A meter movement using fixed field coils and a moving coil; usually used in wattmeters.
Read in Glossary ↗Electrodynamometer
TYPE METERS The electrodynamometer-type meter differs from the galvanometer types we have just studied in that two fixed coils are used to produce the magnetic field instead of a permanent magnet.
Read in Basic Meters ↗Electrodynometer Meter Movement
A meter movement using fixed field coils and a moving coil; usually used in wattmeters.
Read in Glossary ↗Electrolysis
Chemical changes produced by passing an electrical current from one substance (electrode) to another (electrolyte).
Read in Glossary ↗Electrolyte
A solution of a substance which is capable of conducting electricity.
Read in Glossary ↗Electromagnet
An electrically excited magnet capable of exerting mechanical force, or of performing mechanical work.
Read in Glossary ↗Electromagnetic
The term describing the relationship between electricity and magnetism.
Read in Glossary ↗Electromagnetic Field
The combination of an electric (E) field and a magnetic (H) field [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Electromagnetic Induction
The production of a voltage in a coil due to the change in the number of magnetic lines of force (flux linkage) passing through the coil.
Read in Glossary ↗Electromagnetic Interference
A term used to describe the degradation of a receiver or system.
Read in Glossary ↗Electromagnetic Radiation
The radiation of radio waves into space [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Electromagnetism
When a compass is placed in the vicinity of a current-carrying conductor, the needle aligns itself at right angles to the conductor.
Read in Concepts of Alternating Current ↗Electron
The elementary negative charge that revolves around the nucleus of an atom.
Read in Glossary ↗Electron Beam
DEFLECTION SYSTEM The electron beam is developed, focused, and accelerated by the electron gun.
Read in The Oscilloscope and Spectrum Analyzer ↗Electron Gun
An electrode of a CRT that is equivalent to the cathode and control grid of conventional tubes.
Read in Glossary ↗Electron Orbital Movement
The movement of an electron around the nucleus of an atom.
Read in Glossary ↗Electron Shell
A group of electrons which have a common energy level that forms part of the outer structure (shell) of an atom.
Read in Glossary ↗Electron Spin
The movement of an electron around its axis.
Read in Glossary ↗Electronic Counter-Countermeasures (Eccm) Circuits
See Antijamming Circuits.
Read in Glossary ↗Electronic Equipment Dehydrator
Provides alternate dry -air input in the event of failure of the central dry-air system.
Read in Glossary ↗Electronic Frequency Counter
An instrument that counts the number of cycles (pulses) occurring during a precise time interval.
Read in Glossary ↗Electronic Scanning
Scanning in which the axis of the beam is moved, relative to the antenna axis, in a desired pattern.
Read in Glossary ↗Electronic Switch
A circuit that causes a start-and-stop switching action by electronic means [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Electronic Tuning
In a reflex klystron, changing the frequency and output power of the tube by altering the repeller voltage.
Read in Glossary ↗Electronic-Equipment Dehydrator
A device that provides an alternate dry-air input in the event of failure of the central dry-air system.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Electronics Dry-Air Branch
A common line for providing dry air to various electronic equipment, such as search radar, fire-control radar, and repeaters.
Read in Glossary ↗Electrostatic
Pertaining to electricity at rest, such as charges on an object (static electricity).
Read in Glossary ↗Electrostatic Deflection
The method of deflecting an electron beam by passing it between parallel charged plates mounted inside a cathode-ray tube [6].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Electrostatic Field
The field of infl uence between two charged bodies.
Read in Glossary ↗Electrostatic Meter Movement
A meter movement that uses the electrostatic repulsion of two sets of charged plates (one fixed and the other movable).
Read in Glossary ↗Electrostatic Stress
The force exerted on an insulator by the voltage in a conductor.
Read in Glossary ↗Electrostatic-Discharge
SENSITIVE (ESDS) devices or components.
Read in Miniature and Microminiature Repair Procedures ↗Electrostatic-Discharge Sensitive (Esds) Device
Electronic components that are susceptible to damage from static charges.
Read in Glossary ↗Eled
based diodes designed to operate in the superluminescence mode.
Read in Optical Sources and Fiber Optic Transmitters ↗Element
A substance, in chemistry, that cannot be divided into simpler substances by any means ordinarily available.
Read in Glossary ↗Elephant Trunk
Ducting used for ventilation purposes [4].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Elevation Angle
The angle between the line of sight to an object and the horizontal plane.
Read in Glossary ↗Emergency Frequency
Frequency that is used by aircraft in distress to gain ATC assis- tance.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Emergency Power
Temporary source of limited electrical power used upon the loss of the normal power source.
Read in Glossary ↗Emergency Procedures
Provides checklists followed by amplified procedures for coping with various types of emergencies or critical situations.
Read in Chapter 19 — Rotorcraft Flight Manual — Gyroplane ↗Emf
(Electromotive Force) The force which causes electricity to flow between two points with different electrical charges or when there is a difference of potential between the two points.
Read in Glossary ↗Emf (Electromotive Force)
The force that causes electricity to flow between two points with different electrical charges or when there is a difference of potential between the two points.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Emitter
INJECTION MODULATOR has the same characteristics as the base-injection modulator discussed earlier.
Read in Amplitude Modulation ↗Emitter-Injection Modulator
The transistor equivalent of the cathode modulator.
Read in Glossary ↗Enamel
Synthetic compound of cellulose acetate (wood pulp and magnesium).
Read in Glossary ↗Encapsulated
Imbedded in solid material or enclosed in glass or metal.
Read in Glossary ↗End
FEED or VOLTAGE-FEED method.
Read in Antennas ↗End-Feed Method
A method in which one end of an antenna is connected through a capacitor to the final output stage of a transmitter [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗End-Fire Array
An array in which the direction of radiation is parallel to the axis of the array [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Energy
The ability or capacity to do work.
Read in Glossary ↗Engine Driven Pump With By
PASS & RELIEF VALVES.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 6 ↗Eot
80 AWPLANE PERFORMAhlCE If compressibility effects are negligible, any variation of ~peci)c range with altitude is strictly a function of engine-propeller pcrformanCC.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 4 ↗Ephemeris
A table showing the precalculated position of a satellite at any given time.
Read in Glossary ↗Epitaxial Process
The depositing of a thin uniformly doped crystalline region (layer) on a substrate.
Read in Glossary ↗Eqn W18000
W12000 18/0100Z HNH HSH E180-W180 ABV FL370 18/0100Z DAYLIGHT SIDE 18/0100Z NO SWX EXP FCST SWX +6 HR: 6-hour forecast.
Read in Chapter 26 — Advisories — Part 5 ↗Equatorial Orbit
An orbit that occurs when the plane of a satellite coincides with the plane of the earth at the equator.
Read in Glossary ↗Equivalent Resistance
(R eq) A resistance that represents the total ohmic values of a circuit component or group of circuit components.
Read in Glossary ↗Erasure
A process by which a signal recorded on a tape is removed and the tape made ready for rerecording.
Read in Glossary ↗Erecting (A Gyro)
The positioning of a gyro into a desired position and the maintaining of that position.
Read in Glossary ↗Error Chain
A series of mistakes that may lead to an accident or incident.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Error Detector
The component in a servo system that determines when the load has deviated from its ordered position, velocity, etc.
Read in Glossary ↗Error Reducer
The name commonly given to the servo motor in a servo system.
Read in Glossary ↗Error Signal
In servo systems, the signal whose amplitude and polarity or phase are used to correct the alignment between the controlling and the controlled element.
Read in Glossary ↗Esd
sensitive (ESDS) devices by the symbols shown in figure 2-5.
Read in Component Testing ↗Eshp)
with respect to turboprop engines, the sum of the shaft horsepower (SHP) delivered to the propeller and THP produced by the exhaust gases.
Read in Aircraft Systems — Part 3 ↗Estimated Off
BLOCK TIME [ICAO]− The estimated time at which the aircraft will commence movement associated with departure.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 7 ↗Ete)
total distance divided by GS • Fuel rate—predetermined gallons per hour used at cruising speed NOTE: Additional fuel for adequate reserve should be added as a safety measure.
Read in Navigation — Part 3 ↗Eutectic Alloy
An alloy that changes directly from a solid to a liquid with no plastic or semiliquid state.
Read in Glossary ↗Eutectic Solder
An alloy of 63 percent tin and 37 percent lead.
Read in Glossary ↗Example 1
AB = 22 = 4 combinations EXAMPLE 2-XYZ = 23 = 8 combinations XY Z f 00 0 0 00 1 0 01 0 0 01 1 0 10 0 0 10 1 0 11 0 0 11 1 1 f = XYZ As with all AND gates, all the inputs must be HIGH at the same time to produce a HIGH output.
Read in Fundamental Logic Circuits ↗Excitation Voltage
The supply voltage required to excite a circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Exciting Current
The current that flows in the primary winding of a transformer, which produces a magnetic flux field.
Read in Glossary ↗Exclusive Nor (X
NOR) circuits produce a 1 output when all inputs are 0 and when more than 1 input is 1.
Read in Special Logic Circuits ↗Exclusive Or
A function whose output is a 1 if one and only one of the input variables is a 1 [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Exclusive Or (X
OR) circuits produce a 1 output when ONLY one input is HIGH.
Read in Special Logic Circuits ↗Exclusive-Nor (X
NOR) ¾ A logic circuit that produces a HIGH output when all inputs are LOW or all inputs are HIGH.
Read in Glossary ↗Exclusive-Or (X
OR) GATE ¾ A logic circuit that produces a HIGH output when one and only one input is HIGH.
Read in Glossary ↗Exclusive-Or Gate
A gate that produces a logic 1 output when the inputs are different, but not when they are the same [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Exponent
The numeral written in superscript (102) which indicates the power to which the base is to be raised [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Expression
A validated series of variables, constants, and functions that can be connected by operating symbols to describe a desired computation [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Ext D
Q terminals are normally connected with a shorting lug.
Read in Common Test Equipment ↗External-Load Hookup Personnel
There are several areas in which these personnel should be knowledgeable.
Read in Chapter 9 — Basic Flight Maneuvers — Part 1 ↗External-Load Riggers
Rigger training is possibly one of the most difficult and continually changing problems of the helicopter external-load operator.
Read in Chapter 9 — Basic Flight Maneuvers — Part 1 ↗Externally Excited Meter
A term used to describe meters that get their power from the circuit to which they are connected.
Read in Glossary ↗Externally Synchronized Radar
A radar system in which timing pulses are generated by a master oscillator external to the transmitter [18].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Extremely High Frequency
The band of frequencies from 30 gigahertz to 300 gigahertz.
Read in Glossary ↗Extremely Low
FREQUENCY (elf) communications system is to send short "phonetic letter spelled out" (PLSO) messages from operating authorities in the continental United States (CONUS) to submarines operating at normal mission speeds and depths.
Read in Introduction to Radio-Frequency Communications ↗Extremely Low Frequency
The band of frequencies up to 300 hertz.
Read in Glossary ↗Extrinsic
A semiconductor in which impurities have been added to create certain charge carrier concentrations.
Read in Glossary ↗Extruded Polytetrafluoroethylene
A high-temperature insulation used extensively in aircraft and equipment installations.
Read in Glossary ↗F (
40 C), stabilize to ambient and test drop.
Read in Chapter 5 — Part 7 ↗F Aa
approved pilot school certificate.
Read in Chapter 1 — Introduction to Balloon Flight Training — Part 1 ↗F2483
05, “Standard Practice for Maintenance and the Development of Maintenance Manuals for Light Sport Aircraft (LSA)” a six-page document comprised of the following 12 sections: 1.
Read in Maintenance Manuals, Repairs, and Alterations ↗Fa A
certificated Airframe and Powerplant Mechanic (A&P); or, 3.
Read in Chapter 17 — Transition to Light Sport Airplanes — Part 1 ↗Faa
approved Airplane Flight Manual/ Pilot’s Operating Handbook (AFM/POH) of all recently designed airplanes.
Read in Aerodynamics of Flight — Part 4 ↗Faa 180
day inspection cycle 6.
Read in Chapter 5 — Part 8 ↗Faa 24
Hour Safety Hotline at (800) 255-1111 or email the FAA Safety Hotline at 9-AWA-ASY-SAFETYHOTLINE@faa.
Read in Chapter 4 — Part 1 ↗Faa Ac 120
57 and FAA Order 8000.
Read in Chapter 1 — Departure Procedures — Part 1 ↗Faa Ac 60
28, FAA English Language Standard for an FAA Certificate Issued Under 14 CFR parts 61, 63, 65, and 107.
Read in Appendix C — Certificates, Ratings, and Endorsements ↗Faa Ac 90
101, Approval Guidance for RNP Procedures with Authorization Required (AR).
Read in Chapter 4 — Approaches — Part 3 ↗Faa Fis
B system provides pilots and flight crews of properly-equipped aircraft with a flightdeck display of certain aviation weather and aeronautical information which are listed below.
Read in Aviation Weather Services — Part 5 ↗Faa Inspector
FAA personnel who can administer practical and proficiency tests and can issue pilot certificates.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Faa Knowledge Exam
Written exam ad- ministered by the FAA as a prerequisite for pilot certification.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Faa N
number, have an airworthiness certificate, a pilot’s operating handbook ( POH), and/or limitations with a weight and balance document aboard.
Read in Chapter 1 — Introduction to the Powered Parachute — Part 1 ↗Faa)
approved Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) and/or Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH)) W—Weight and Balance Documents Some of these documents are addressed in this chapter, and others are covered in later chapters.
Read in Chapter 11 ↗Faa-8083
23) for information regarding operation of a powered parachute category sea class (PPCS) aircraft, as appropriate.
Read in Chapter 9 — Maneuvers — Part 3 ↗Faa-H
8083-16 (as revised).
Read in Aircraft Performance — Part 5 ↗Faa-H- 8083
15) for guidance in the performance of these tasks and to the appropriate airman certification standards (ACS) for information on the evaluation of tasks performed for the particular certificate level and/or rating.
Read in Chapter 18 — Emergency Procedures — Part 3 ↗Faa-H-8081
15A, Instrument Flying Handbook, dated 2007.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 1 ↗Faa-H-8083
15B) Addendum B: False Courses November 2019 The following will replace the content found on page 9-40 under “ILS Errors”: 2.
Read in Addendum B — False Courses ↗Faa-H-8261
16A, Instrument Procedures Handbook, dated 2015.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 1 ↗Faa-S-8081
17 (Private Pilot) and FAA-S-8081-18 (Commercial Pilot).
Read in Chapter 1 — Introduction to Balloon Flight Training — Part 1 ↗Facsimile
The method for transmitting and receiving still images.
Read in Glossary ↗Factor
Any of the elements, quantities, or symbols that, when multiplied together, form a product [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Factors Affecting Capacitance
There are three factors affecting capacitance.
Read in Capacitance ↗Factors Affecting Coil Inductance
The inductance of a coil is entirely dependent upon its physical construction.
Read in Inductance ↗Fadec
equipped engine in extreme heat, cold, and high humidity environments.
Read in DC Generators and FADEC ↗Fading
The variations in signal strength at the antenna of a receiver.
Read in Glossary ↗Failure Analysis Of The Resistor
CAPACITOR (RC) FILTER.
Read in Solid-State Power Supplies ↗Far
FIELD POWER DISTRIBUTION describes the emitted power per unit area as a function of angle /g300 some distance away from the fiber-end face.
Read in Fiber Optic Measurement Techniques ↗Far 91
Fixed wing special VFR operations prohibited.
Read in Complete Aeronautical Chart Users' Guide — Part 3 ↗Farad
T he basic unit of capacitance.
Read in Glossary ↗Faraday Rotation
The rotation of the plane of polarization of electromagnetic energy when it passes through a substance influenced by a magnetic field that has a component in the direction of propagation.
Read in Glossary ↗Fast
TIME-CONSTANT CIRCUITS.
Read in Radar Subsystems ↗Fast-Time-Constant Circuit
D ifferentiator circuit in the first video amplifier that allows only the leading edges of target returns, no matter how small or large, to be used.
Read in Glossary ↗Fault
indicates both controllers failed MAN—indicates manual mode selected MAN RATE Controls the rate of change of the cabin altitude in manual mode Traditional pressurization data is presented in digital format at the bottom of the page.
Read in Cabin Pressurization Systems ↗Fault Isolation Using General
PURPOSE ELECTRONIC TEST EQUIPMENT (GPETE) should only be attempted by experienced technicians.
Read in Miniature/Microminiature (2M) Repair Program and High-Reliability Soldering ↗Fc7666A
0; 1 Hartzell, Hub Model HC-C2YK-2 ( ) EFU, Blade Model FC7666A-0; 1 Hartzell, Hub Model HC-C2YK-2CG (F), Blade Model (F) C7666A (This model includes the Hartzell damper); or 1 Hartzell, Hub Model HC-C2YK-2CGU (F), Blade Model (F) C7666A (This model includes the Hartzell damper).
Read in Weighing Equipment and Aircraft Preparation ↗Fcst 0230Z Va Cld Aprx N1730 W06500
N1700 W06300 - N1650 W06300 - N1710 W06500 - N1730 W06500.
Read in Chapter 26 — Advisories — Part 2 ↗Fdc Notice To Airman (Notam)
Notice to Airman that is regulatory in nature.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Fdc T
NOTAMs, may also be used to promulgate Arrival Procedures5−4−32 AIM2/20/258/7/25 AIM safety-of-flight information relating to Specials provided the location has a valid landing area identifier and is serviced by the United States NOTAM system.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 4 ↗Feathering
The action that changes the pitch angle of the rotor blades by rotating them around their feathering (spanwise) axis.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Feathering Axis
The axis about which the pitch angle of a rotor blade is varied.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Features Of Flight In The Nor
MAL AND REVERSED REGIONS OF COM- MAND.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 7 ↗Feedback
The transmittal of forces, which are initiated by aerody- namic action on rotor blades, to the cockpit controls.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Feeder
A transmission line that carries energy to the antenna [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Feedhorn
A horn radiator used to feed a reflector.
Read in Glossary ↗Fep
A synthetic type of insulation (fluorinated ethylene propylene) [4].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Ferrite
A powdered and compressed ferric oxide material that has both magnetic properties and resistance to current flow.
Read in Glossary ↗Ferrite Switch
A ferrite device that blocks the flow of energy through a waveguide by rotating the electric field 90 degrees.
Read in Glossary ↗Ferromagnetic Material
A highly magnetic material, such as iron, cobalt, nickel, or alloys, make up these materials.
Read in Glossary ↗Ferrules
The cylindrical metallic ends of a cartridge fuse.
Read in Glossary ↗Fetch
An area where wind is generating waves on the water sur- face.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 1 ↗Ffaaaa--Hh--88008833
1155BB)) NNoottee An errata sheet indicating the content and grammatical errors discovered in this handbook since its publication can be found at http://www.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 1 ↗Fiber
OPTIC TESTING Fiber optics are a relatively new type of transmission media.
Read in Component Testing ↗Fiber Optics
Conductors that are usually constructed of plastic or glass fibers that readily pass light.
Read in Glossary ↗Fiber-To
FIBER COUPLING LOSS is affected by intrinsic and extrinsic coupling losses.
Read in Optical Splices, Connectors, and Couplers ↗Fibrous Braid
An outer covering used to protect the insulating material of a conductor.
Read in Glossary ↗Fidelity
The ability of a receiver to accurately reproduce, at its output, the signal at its input.
Read in Glossary ↗Field
One or more related characters that are treated as a unit of information.
Read in Data Representation and Communications ↗Field Elev Ation
The highest point of an airport’s usable runways measured in feet from mean sea level.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Field Excitation
The creation of a steady magnetic field within the field windings by applying a dc voltage either from the generator itself or from an external source.
Read in Glossary ↗Field Of Force
A term used to describe the total force exerted by an action-at-a-distance phenomenon such as gravity upon matter, electric charges acting upon electric charges, magnetic forces acting upon other magnets or magnetic materials.
Read in Glossary ↗Field-Effect Transistor (Fet)
A transistor consisting of a source, a gate, and a drain.
Read in Glossary ↗Filament
The cathode of a thermionic tube, usually a wire or ribbon, which is heated by passing current through it.
Read in Glossary ↗File
A collection of related records, such as the payroll or supply inventory records.
Read in Data Representation and Communications ↗Filter
A selective network of resistors, capacitors, and inductors that offer comparatively little opposition to certain frequencies or to direct current, while blocking or attenuating other frequencies.
Read in Glossary ↗Filter Circuit
Network of resistors, inductors, and/or capacitors which offers opposition to certain frequencies.
Read in Glossary ↗Final
Leg of the traffic pattern that is a descend- ing flightpath starting from the completion of the base-to-final turn and extending to the point of touchdown.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Final Approach
IFR− The flight path of an aircraft which is inbound to an airport on a final instrument approach course, beginning at the final approach fix or point and extending to the airport or the point where a circle-to-land maneuver or a missed approach is executed.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 7 ↗Final Power Amplifier (Fpa)
The final stage of amplification in a transmitter [12].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Firmware
A set of program instructions, a microprogram, permanently stored in read-only memory.
Read in Glossary ↗Fis
B) malfunctions not attributed to aircraft system failures or covered by active Notices to Airmen (NOTAM) via the ADS-B/TIS-B/FIS-B Problem Report: https://www.
Read in Appendix G — Websites ↗Five
UNIT (five-level) CODE has been the most commonly used in modern printing telegraphy and is universally used in teletypewriter operation.
Read in Fundamental Systems Equipment ↗Fixed Bias
A constant value of bias voltage.
Read in Glossary ↗Fixed Resistor
A resistor having a definite resistance value that cannot be adjusted.
Read in Glossary ↗Fixed Spark Gap
A device used to discharge the pulse-forming network.
Read in Glossary ↗Fixed-Pitch Propellers
Propellers with fixed blade angles.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Fixed-Wing Aircraft
An aircraft whose wing is rigidly attached to the structure.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Fl 450
use NAVAIDs not more than 200 NM apart.
Read in Chapter 2 — En Route Operations — Part 3 ↗Fl390
Example Chapter 27, Forecasts 27-35 27.
Read in Chapter 27 — Forecasts — Part 4 ↗Flapping
The vertical move- ment of a blade about a flapping hinge.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Flapping Hinge
The hinge that permits the rotor blade to flap and thus balance the lift generated by the advancing and retreating blades.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Flare
A maneuver accomplished prior to landing to slow down a rotor- craft.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Flarm
equipped gliders and give the location of non-threatening nearby FLARM-equipped gliders.
Read in Chapter 4 — Flight Instruments — Part 3 ↗Flat
PACK LEADS are numbered counterclockwise from the reference mark.
Read in Microelectronics ↗Flat Line
A transmission line that has no standing waves.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Flat Panel Display
A display device that consists of a grid of electrodes in a flat, gas-filled panel.
Read in Glossary ↗Fleming Valve
An earlier name for a diode, or a two-electrode vacuum tube used as a detector.
Read in Glossary ↗Flexible Coaxial Line
A line made with an inner conductor that consists of flexible wire insulated from the outer conductor by a solid, continuous insulating material [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Flight Loads
MANEUVERS AND GUSTS The loads imposed on an aircraft in flight are the result of maneuvers and gusts.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 7 ↗Flight Plan
Specified information relating to the intended flight of an aircraft that is filed orally or in writing with an FSS or an ATC facility.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Flight Re
STRICTIONS” followed by the location of the tem - porary restriction, effective time period, area defined in statute miles, and altitudes affected.
Read in Chapter 8 — Airspace ↗Flight Speed
RATE OF CLIMB \ \ \ \ I I I I b -8 VELOCITY, KNOTS POWER OFF DESCENT PERFORMANCE POWER REQUIRED HP MINIMUM POWER REP’D I VELOCITY, KNOTS Figure UP, Climb ad Desceni Pedormome lS7 NAVWEPS 00-8OT-80 AIRPLANE PERFORMANCE with altitude above the tropopause.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 4 ↗Flip
FLOP ¾ A bistable multivibrator.
Read in Glossary ↗Flip Chip
Monolithic IC packaging technique that eliminates need for bonding wires.
Read in Glossary ↗Flip-Flop
A device having two stable states and two input terminals (or types of input signals), each of which corresponds with one of the two states.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Floatplane
A seaplane equipped with separate floats to support the fuselage well above the water surface.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 1 ↗Floats
The components of a floatplane’s landing gear that provide the buoyancy to keep the airplane afloat.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 1 ↗Floats-On-Skids
A type of helicopter float design where the floats sit on top of the fully func- tional skids.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Flowchart
A graphic representation of the processing steps (logic) of a program (a program flowchart) or the inputs, outputs, and processing steps of a system (a systems [data] flowchart).
Read in Glossary ↗Flux
Removes surface oxides from metals being soldered.
Read in Glossary ↗Flux Density
The number of magnetic lines of force passing through a given area.
Read in Glossary ↗Fly
BY WAYPOINT− A fly-by waypoint requires the use of turn anticipation to avoid overshoot of the next flight segment.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 8 ↗Flying Boat
A type of sea- plane in which the crew, passengers, and cargo are carried inside a fuselage that is designed to support the seaplane on the water.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Flywheel Effect
The ability of a resonant circuit to operate continuously because of stored energy or energy pulses.
Read in Glossary ↗Flz025-112315
AIRPORT WEATHER WARNING FOR JACKSONVILLE INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSONVILLE FL 612 PM EDT WED MAR 11 2015 .
Read in Chapter 26 — Advisories — Part 5 ↗Fm010320 31010Kt 3Sm
SHSN BKN015 FM010500 31010KT 1/4SM +SHSN VV007.
Read in Chapter 27 — Forecasts — Part 2 ↗Fms
assisted navigation became confusing and created an excessive workload in a critical phase of the flight.
Read in Appendix B — Part 5 ↗Focusing Anode
An electrode of a CRT that is used to focus the electrons into a tight beam.
Read in Glossary ↗Folded Dipole
An ordinary half-wave antenna (dipole) that has one or more additional conductors connected across the ends parallel to each other [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗For K
3 THRO K~S SHIPS EQUIPPED WITH WRIGHT R975-28 ENGINES Fig.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 6 ↗For Reference Only
03 D C B AA B C D 12345678 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 REVISIONS FOR REVISION HISTORY SEE SHEET 1 SHEET 3 OF 3 SWorks Drawing No.
Read in Drawing Types and Document Control ↗Forbidden Band
The energy band in an atom lying between the conduction band and the valence band.
Read in Glossary ↗Form 86359 Rev
REV technicians involved with electrical repairs and installations, a thorough knowledge of wiring diagrams and electrical schematics is essential.
Read in Drawing Standards and Illustration ↗Format
The arrangement or layout of data in or on a data medium.
Read in Glossary ↗Forward Agc
The type of agc that causes an amplifier to be driven towards saturation.
Read in Glossary ↗Forward Bias
An external voltage that is applied to a PN junction in the conducting direction so that the junction offers only minimum resistance to the flow of current.
Read in Glossary ↗Forward Resistance
The smaller resistance value observed when you are checking the forward resistance of a semiconductor.
Read in Glossary ↗Foster
SEELEY DISCRIMINATOR The FOSTER-SEELEY DISCRIMINATOR is also known as the PHASE-SHIFT DISCRIMINATOR.
Read in Demodulation ↗Foster-Seeley Discriminator
A circuit that uses a double-tuned rf transformer to convert frequency variations in the received fm signal to amplitude variations.
Read in Glossary ↗Four
ELEMENT ARRAY, and so on.
Read in Antennas ↗Four Forces
The four fundamental forces of flight: lift, weight, drag and thrust.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Four-Element Array
An antenna array with three parasitic elements and one driven element [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Four-Stroke Engine
The principle of opera- tion for some reciprocating engines involving the conversion of fuel energy into mechanical energy.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Framing
The process of synchronizing a facsimile receiver to a transmitter.
Read in Glossary ↗Free
RUNNING); in more elaborate oscilloscopes, it is normally turned off.
Read in The Oscilloscope and Spectrum Analyzer ↗Free Charges
Those electrons that can be moved by an externally applied voltage.
Read in Glossary ↗Free Turbine
A turboshaft engine with no physical connection between the compressor and power output shaft.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Free-Space Loss
The loss of energy of radio waves caused by the spreading of the wavefront as it travels from the transmitter [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Freewheeling Unit
A com- ponent of the transmission or power train that automatically disconnects the main rotor from the engine when the engine stops or slows below the equivalent rotor r.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Frequency
MODULATION SYSTEMS In frequency modulation an audio signal is used to shift the frequency of an oscillator at an audio rate.
Read in Angle and Pulse Modulation ↗Frequency Compensation Network
Circuit modification used to improve or broaden the linearity of its frequency response.
Read in Glossary ↗Frequency Cutoff
The frequency at which the filter circuit changes from an action of rejecting the unwanted frequencies to an action of passing the desired frequencies.
Read in Glossary ↗Frequency Deviation
Refers to the difference between the carrier frequency of an fm signal and the instantaneous frequency of its modulated wave.
Read in Glossary ↗Frequency Diversity
Transmitting (and receiving) of radio waves on two different frequencies simultaneously [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Frequency Domain
A plot of frequency versus amplitude as shown by a spectrum analyzer display.
Read in Glossary ↗Frequency Meter
An instrument used to measure the rate at which ac voltages are generated.
Read in Glossary ↗Frequency Modulation (Fm)
(1) A flux reversal at the beginning of a cell time represents a clock bit.
Read in Glossary ↗Frequency Multipliers
Special rf power amplifiers that multiply the input frequency.
Read in Glossary ↗Frequency Response
(I) The ability of a component or device to operate over a portion of the frequency spectrum.
Read in Glossary ↗Frequency Scanning
Varying the output frequency to achieve electronic scanning.
Read in Glossary ↗Frequency Spectrum
In a radar, the entire range of frequencies contained in an rf pulse or signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Frequency Stability
Refers to the ability of an oscillator to accurately maintain its operating frequency.
Read in Glossary ↗Frequency Synthesis
A process that uses hetrodyning and frequency selection to produce a signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Frequency Synthesizer
A bank of oscillators in which the outputs can be mixed in various combinations to produce a wide range of frequencies.
Read in Glossary ↗Frequency-Determining Network
A circuit that provides the desired response (maximum or minimum impedance) at a specific frequency.
Read in Glossary ↗Frequency-Division Multiplexing
Multiplexing that transmits and receives the full 360 degrees of each sine wave.
Read in Glossary ↗Frequency-Response Curve
A curve showing the output of an amplifier (or any other device) in terms of voltage or current plotted against frequency with a fixed-amplitude input signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Friction
Voltage produced b y rubbing certain materials together.
Read in Matter, Energy, and Electricity ↗From 40Ne Adm-40Ese Mlc-10W Txk-50Wnw Lfk-40Ene Sjt
40NE ADM AREA TS MOV FROM 26025KT.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 5 ↗From 90W Mot-Gfk-Abr
90W MOT INTSFYG AREA SEV TS MOVG FROM 24045KT.
Read in Aviation Weather Services — Part 3 ↗Front-To
BACK RATIO is the ratio of the energy radiated in the principal direction compared to the energy radiated in the opposite direction for a given antenna.
Read in Antennas ↗Front-To-Back Ratio
The ratio of the energy radiated in the principal direction compared to the energy radiated in the opposite direction [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Fsga 96
06, a Flight Standards Information Bulletin (FSIB) for General Aviation (FSGA) titled “Elimination of Aircraft Radio Station Licenses” became effective on July 8, 1996.
Read in Forms, Records, and Light-Sport Aircraft ↗Fss
FAA Flight Service Station.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Fstd
based training elements presented below serve to translate the academic material into structured practice.
Read in Chapter 5 — Maintaining Aircraft Control: Upset Prevention and Recovery Training — Part 1 ↗Full
WAVE rectifier was developed.
Read in Power Supplies ↗Full-Duplex Channel
A channel that provides for simultaneous transmission in both directions, such as the telephone.
Read in Glossary ↗Full-Wave Rectifier
A circuit that uses both positive and negative alternations in an alternating current to produce direct current.
Read in Glossary ↗Full-Wave Voltage Doubler
Consists of two full-wave voltage rectifiers and is used to reduce the output ripple frequency.
Read in Glossary ↗Fullness Of Ballonets At Zero
PITCH ANGLE AT STANDARD UNIT LIFT CONDITIONS -26- height of the upper part of the fabric of the ballonets or upon the degree of their inflations, upon the lift co efficient of the gas, and upon the f~bric weight which reacts on the air.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 3 ↗Function
A specific purpose of an entity; its characteristic action [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Fundamental Frequency
The basic frequency or first harmonic frequency [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Fused
ALLOY junction, and is one of the most commonly used junctions.
Read in Semiconductor Diodes ↗Fused Target
(See DIGITAL TARGET) FUSION [STARS]- the combination of all available surveillance sources (airport surveillance radar [ASR], air route surveillance radar [ARSR], ADS-B, etc.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 8 ↗Fused-Alloy Junction
See ALLOYED-JUNCTION.
Read in Glossary ↗G Loads
Loads imposed on an airframe due to inertia (centrifugal force).
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗G-Iv
X; and 1900 and 1900C.
Read in Introduction to Flying — Part 4 ↗G3/G20/G25-1 16-2 16
3 Multiplying the base times itself the number of times indicated by the exponent will show the equivalent decimal value: 1-33 You can see from the positional values that usually fewer symbol positions are required to express a number in hex than in decimal.
Read in Number Systems ↗G3/G3/G27-1 8-2 8
3 1-25 Remember, that the power, or exponent, indicates the number of times the base is multiplied by itself.
Read in Number Systems ↗Gac Sk-1
7657 toa:J 1-'• (I'Q • ~ p.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 8 ↗Gain
Any incr ease in the strength of a signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Gain-Bandwidth Product
The number that results when the gain of a circuit is multiplied by the bandwidth of that circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Galena
A crystalline form of lead sulfide used in early radio receivers.
Read in Glossary ↗Gallium
ARSENIDE FET AMPLIFIERS have been developed which provide low-noise amplification up to about 30 dB in the 7- to 18-gigahertz range.
Read in Microwave Components and Circuits ↗Galvanometer
A meter used to measure small values of current by electromagnetic or electrodynamic means.
Read in Glossary ↗Gama)
the standard empty weight plus the weight of optional and special equipment that have been installed.
Read in Weight and Balance — Part 2 ↗Gamma
The emitter-to-base current ratio in a common-collector configuration.
Read in Glossary ↗Gamma-Ferric Oxide
The common magnetic constituent of magnetic tapes in a dispersion of fine, needle-like particles within the coating.
Read in Glossary ↗Ganged Tuning
The process used to tune two or more circuits with a single control.
Read in Glossary ↗Gap Erosion
(1) The read or write gap increased in length and retreated below the head surface.
Read in Glossary ↗Gap Loss
(1) The loss in output due to the finite gap length of the reproduce head.
Read in Glossary ↗Gap Width
The dimension of the gap of a magnetic head measured in the direction perpendicular to the direction of the tape path.
Read in Glossary ↗Gas
One of the three states of matter having no fixed form or volume.
Read in Glossary ↗Gate
As applied to logic circuitry, one of several different types of electronic devices that will provide a particular output when specified input conditions are satisfied.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Gated
BEAM DETECTOR An fm demodulator employing a completely different detection principle is the GATED-BEAM DETECTOR (sometimes referred to as the QUADRATURE DETECTOR).
Read in Demodulation ↗Gated Agc
Circuit that permits automatic gain control to function only during short time intervals.
Read in Glossary ↗Gated-Beam Detector
An fm demodulator that uses a special gated-beam tube to limit, detect, and amplify the received fm signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Gating
The process of selecting those portions of a wave that exist during one or more selected time intervals or that have magnitudes between selected limits.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Gauss
The metric unit of the magnetic flux density equal to 1 Mx/CM 2.
Read in Glossary ↗Ge 10C Vv-I
530 GE SS4005 MIL-S-8660 1 oz.
Read in The Technician's Handbook ↗Ge90
115 turbofan engine (power plant for the Boeing 777-300), for example, has 115,000 pounds of thrust.
Read in Matter, Energy, and Basic Properties ↗Gen
DET switch selects bridge generator and detector connections, ac or dc, internal or external generator.
Read in Common Test Equipment ↗General
Presents basic information, such as loading, handling, and preflight of the gyroplane.
Read in Chapter 19 — Rotorcraft Flight Manual — Gyroplane ↗General Purpose Electronic Test Equipment (Gpete)
Multimeters, oscilloscopes, voltmeters, signal generators, etc.
Read in Glossary ↗General-Purpose Computer
A computer designed to operate on a program of instructions for the purpose of solving many different types of processing problems.
Read in Glossary ↗Generations Of Computers
Historically, the distinctive types of computers from the 1940s to the present; the first generation was based on vacuum tubes, the second on transistors, the third and current features integrated circuits.
Read in Glossary ↗Generator
A machine that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy by applying the principal of magnetic induction.
Read in Glossary ↗Generators
OUTRIGGER •Eclipse 584-lA.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 7 ↗Germanium
A grayish-white metal having semiconductor properties.
Read in Glossary ↗Getter
An alkali metal introduced into a vacuum tube during manufacture.
Read in Glossary ↗Gfa
LA (Graphical Forecasts for Aviation – Low Altitude previously called Helicopter Emergency Medical Services HEMS) Tool.
Read in Chapter 28 — Aviation Weather Tools ↗Gimbal
A mechanical frame, with two perpendicular, intersecting axes of rotation, used to support and furnish a gyro wheel with the necessary freedom to tilt in any direction.
Read in Glossary ↗Glassy W Ater
A calm water surface with no distinguishable surface features, with a glassy or mirror like appearance.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Glenn Navigator 04-28
06 GLENN NAVIGATOR 405 555-8118 14 SKYCATCHER BLVD.
Read in Chapter 3 — Part 3 ↗Glide Ratio
The ratio of the forward distance traveled to the vertical distance an aircraft de- scends when it is operating without power.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Glidepath
The path of an aircraft relative to the ground while approaching a landing.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Global Position System (Gps)
A satellite- based radio positioning, navigation, and time- transfer system.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Glow Discharge
Discharge of electricity through a gas in an electron tube.
Read in Glossary ↗Gnss Q
routes with GPS (TSO-C129 () or TSO-C196 ()) equipment while the aircraft remains in Air Traffic Control (ATC) radar surveillance or with GPS/WAAS (TSO-C145 () or TSO-C146 ()) which does not require ATC radar surveillance.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 1 — Chapter 1 — Part 1 ↗Gnss T
routes with GPS/WAAS (TSO-C145 () or TSO-C146 ()) equipment.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 1 — Chapter 1 — Part 1 ↗Go Or No-Go Decision
Decision of whether or not to make a flight based on environmental, personal or mechanical factors.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Go-Around
The termination of a landing approach.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Gps
based moving map navigation, datalink weather, traffic displays, terrain displays, and synthetic vision help pilots recognize different hazards.
Read in Appendix B — Part 1 ↗Gps (Tso
C129() or TSO-C196()) for navigation under IFR must be equipped with an alternate approved and operational means of navigation suitable for navigating the proposed route of flight.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 1 — Chapter 1 — Part 1 ↗Gps)
based terrain awareness unit would improve the safety of the flight.
Read in Chapter 13 — Effective Aeronautical Decision-Making — Part 3 ↗Graded
INDEX fibers, the refractive index of the core varies gradually as a function of radial distance from the fiber center.
Read in Optical Fibers and Cables ↗Gramme
RING ARMATURE The diagram of a GRAMME-RING armature is shown in figure 1-12, view A.
Read in Direct Current Generators ↗Gramme-Ring Armature
An inefficient type of armature winding in which many of the turns are shielded from the field by its own iron ring.
Read in Glossary ↗Graph
A pictorial presentation of the relation between two or more variable quantities, such as between an applied voltage and the current it produces in a circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Grid
GAP TUNING, varies the cavity frequency by altering the distance between the grids to change the physical size of the cavity.
Read in Microwave Components and Circuits ↗Grid Bias
A constant potential applied between the grid and cathode of a vacuum tube to establish an operating point.
Read in Glossary ↗Grid Current
The current that flows in the grid-to-cathode circuit of a vacuum tube.
Read in Glossary ↗Grid-Gap Tuning
A method of changing the center frequency of a resonant cavity by physically changing the distance between the cavity grids.
Read in Glossary ↗Grid-Leak Bias
A high resistance connected across the grid capacitor or between the grid and cathode.
Read in Glossary ↗Gross Weight
The sum of the basic empty weight and useful load.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Ground
(1) The point in a circuit used as a common reference point for measuring purposes.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Ground Based Augmentation System (Gbas) Landing System (Gls)
A type of precision IAP based on local augmentation of GNSS data using a single GBAS station to transmit locally corrected GNSS data, integrity parameters and approach information.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 8 ↗Ground Clutter
Unwanted echoes from surrounding land masses that appear on a radar indicator.
Read in Glossary ↗Ground Effect
A usually beneficial influence on rotorcraft per- formance that occurs while flying close to the ground.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Ground Plane
The portion of a ground-plane antenna that acts as ground [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Ground Planes
Copper planes-used to minimize interference between circuits and from external sources.
Read in Glossary ↗Ground Potential
Zero potential with respect to the ground or earth.
Read in Glossary ↗Ground Range
The distance on the surface of the earth between a radar and its target.
Read in Glossary ↗Ground Reflection Loss
The loss of RF energy each time a radio wave is reflected from the earth's surface [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Ground Resonance
Self- excited vibration occurring whenever the frequency of oscillation of the blades about the lead-lag axis of an articulated rotor becomes the same as the natural frequency of the fuselage.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Ground Screen
A series of conductors buried below the surface of the earth and arranged in a radial pattern.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Ground Track
The aircraft’s path over the ground when in flight.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Ground Waves
Radio waves which travel near the surface of the earth [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Ground-Adjustable Propeller
A type of aircraft propeller whose blade pitch angle can be adjusted when the engine is not running.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Ground-Controlled Approach
Radar system used to guide aircraft to safe landings in poor visibility conditions.
Read in Glossary ↗Ground-Plane Antenna
A type of antenna that uses a ground plane as a simulated ground to produce low-angle radiation [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Groundspeed (Gs)
The actual speed of an air- craft over the ground.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Group
A collection of units, assemblies, subassemblies, and parts.
Read in Glossary ↗Group Velocity
The forward progress velocity of a wave front in a waveguide.
Read in Glossary ↗Grown Junction
A method of mixing P-type and N-type impurities into a single crystal while the crystal is being grown.
Read in Glossary ↗Growth And Decay Of Current In An Lr Circuit
The required for the current in an inductor to increase to 63.
Read in Inductance ↗Gs)
the actual speed of the airplane over the ground.
Read in Flight Instruments — Part 2 ↗Gtg
N)) The GTG Nowcast (GTG-N) product has been developed as a tactical aid for aviation.
Read in Chapter 25 — Analysis — Part 4 ↗Gu Ace
100G Gulfstream Aviation Safety Oversight Office (GASOO) IB ANM-116 Transport Airplane Directorate International Branch LA ANM-100L Los Angeles Aircraft Certification Office MC ACE-100M Military Certification Office NY ANE-170 New York Aircraft Certification Office RC ASW-170 Ft.
Read in Type Certificates and Maintenance Data ↗Guidance Radar
A system which provides information that is used to guide a missile to a target [18].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Gyro
Abbreviation for gyroscope.
Read in Glossary ↗Gyrocopter
Trademark applied to gyroplanes designed and produced by the Bensen Aircraft Company.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Gyroscope
A mechanical device containing a spinning mass mounted so that it can assume any position in space.
Read in Glossary ↗Gyroscopic Precession
An inherent quality of rotating bodies, which causes an applied force to be manifested 90° in the direction of rotation from the point where the force is applied.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗H Fl 450
60,000' 100 The useful range of certain facilities may be less than 50 miles.
Read in Navigation — Part 4 ↗H-Field
Any space or region in which a magnetic force is exerted.
Read in Glossary ↗H-Type T-Junction
A waveguide junction in which the junction arm is parallel to the magnetic lines of force in the main waveguide.
Read in Glossary ↗Half
DUPLEX (send or receive) uhf, audio- frequency-tone shift system.
Read in Fundamental Systems Equipment ↗Half-Power Point
A point on a waveform or radar beam that corresponds to half the power of the maximum power point.
Read in Glossary ↗Half-Power Points
The points on a frequency-response curve at which the output power is one- half of the maximum power out.
Read in Glossary ↗Half-Wave Dipole Antenna
An antenna, consisting of two rods (1/4 wavelength each) in a single line, that radiates electromagnetic energy [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Half-Wave Rectifier
A rectifier using only one-half of each cycle to change ac to pulsating dc.
Read in Glossary ↗Half-Wave Voltage Doubler
Consists of two half-wave voltage rectifiers.
Read in Glossary ↗Hand
OPERATED and MACHINE KEYING are two types of cw keying.
Read in Amplitude Modulation ↗Hand Over
The operation where one earth terminal yields control to another as a satellite moves out of its area of coverage.
Read in Glossary ↗Handshaking
The process through which the rules for exchanging data over a communications line are defined for the two devices involved.
Read in Glossary ↗Hard Copy
The term given to humanly readable printed output from a computer.
Read in Glossary ↗Hard Ferrite
A ferrite with a very low wear rate when compared with the soft metal laminations.
Read in Glossary ↗Hard Metal Laminations
(See core material, hard.
Read in Glossary ↗Hard Solid Metal
(see core material, hard.
Read in Glossary ↗Hard-Tube Modulator
A high -vacuum electron tube modulator that uses a driver for pulse forming.
Read in Glossary ↗Hardware
The visible, physical equipment of a system, including the computer (cpu) and related peripheral equipment; as distinguished from software.
Read in Glossary ↗Harmonic
An exact multiple of the fundamental frequency.
Read in Glossary ↗Harmonic Distortion
A signal non-linearity with harmonics of the fundamental in the output when the input signal is sinusoidal.
Read in Glossary ↗Harmonic Frequencies
Integral multiples of a fundamental frequency HETERODYNE DETECTION—The use of an af voltage to distinguish between available signals.
Read in Glossary ↗Hc-( )2Yk
( ) may be substituted by HC-( )2YR-( ) per Hartzell Service Advisory 61.
Read in Weighing Equipment and Aircraft Preparation ↗Hc-C2 Yk
2 ( ) LEFU, Blade Model FJC7666A-0; 1 Hartzell, Hub Model HC-C2 YK-2CLG (F), Blade Model (F) JC7666A (This model includes the Hartzell damper); or 1 Hartzell, Hub Model HC-C2 YK-2CLGU (F), Blade Model (F) JC7666A (This model includes the Hartzell damper).
Read in Weighing Equipment and Aircraft Preparation ↗Hc-C2Yl-1B/7663A
6 propeller limits Diameter: 70 in.
Read in Routine, Required, and Special Inspections ↗Hcl
125, which the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is testing for use in commercial aircraft.
Read in Engine Fire Detection Systems ↗Head Contamination
(See tape-to-head separation.
Read in Glossary ↗Head Contour
(1) The complex shape of the contacting surface of a head as a result of manufacture, head lapping, or wear.
Read in Glossary ↗Head Crash
A term used for the damage to a hard disk caused by the physical contact made between the magnetic read/write heads and the surface of the hard-disk platter.
Read in Glossary ↗Head Positioning
Placing a read/write head over a specified track on a disk or drum.
Read in Glossary ↗Head Stick
(1) A common word for a large increase in head-to-tape friction caused by (a) a stick by-product exuded by conditions due to tape age, temperature/humidity, and head-to- tape pressure, and (b) very smooth tapes coupled with large area heads.
Read in Glossary ↗Head-To-Tape Contact
The degree that a tape's magnetic coating approaches the surface of the record or reproduce head during normal operation.
Read in Glossary ↗Headwind
A wind which blows from the direc- tion the aircraft is flying.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Heat Shunt
A device (preferably a clip-on type) used to absorb heat and protect heat-sensitive components during soldering.
Read in Glossary ↗Heat-Shrinkable Tubing
A plastic tube that, when heated, shrinks to encapsulate, protect, or insulate connections, splices, terminations, and other configurations.
Read in Glossary ↗Heater
OIL SERVICE TANK HEATER- AUXILIARY UNIT HEATER - ENGINE STARTER $TARTER -SOLENOID SWITCH MESHING- SOLE~OID_j)EVJCE BOOSTER COIL TRANSFER PUMPS - FUEL .
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 7 ↗Height Above Surface
FEET 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 A B 7,000□ 6,000□ 5,000□ 4,000□ 3,000 1,500 1,600 1,700 1,800 1,900 GROSS WEIGHT – POUNDS DENSITY ALTITUDE – FEET Figure 11-2.
Read in Chapter 11 — Helicopter Emergencies — Part 1 ↗Height-Finding Radar
Radar that provides target altitude, range, and bearing data.
Read in Glossary ↗Height-To
LENGTH RATIO —The ratio between the height of a swell to the length between two successive crests (swell length).
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Helix
A spirally wound transmission line used in a traveling-wave tube to delay the forward progress of the input traveling wave.
Read in Glossary ↗Helix House
A building at a transmitter site that contains antenna loading, coupling, and tuning circuits.
Read in Glossary ↗Henry (H)
The electro magnetic unit of inductance or mutual inductance.
Read in Glossary ↗Hertz Antenna
A half-wave antenna that is installed some distance above ground and positioned either vertically or horizontally [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Heterodyning
The mixing of the incoming signal with the local oscillator frequency.
Read in Glossary ↗Hexadecimal
The number system with base 16 (0- 9 and A-F).
Read in Glossary ↗Hexadecimal System
Pertaining to the number system with a radix of sixteen.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Hez/Natchez Ms/
50N TUP/TUPELO MS/ .
Read in Chapter 27 — Forecasts — Part 8 ↗Hf
Terminates at the fix after one orbit HM - Manually terminated The GRAND JUNCTION FIVE DEPARTURE for Grand Junction Regional in Grand Junction, Colorado, provides a good example of different types of path and terminator legs used.
Read in Chapter 6 — Airborne Navigation Databases — Part 2 ↗Hfc
227ea, and HFC-236fa.
Read in Smoke, Flame, and Carbon Monoxide Detection ↗High
LEVEL MODULATION in the Code of Federal Regulations as "modulation produced in the plate circuit of the last radio stage of the system.
Read in Amplitude Modulation ↗High Frequency
The band of frequencies from 3 megahertz to 30 megahertz.
Read in Glossary ↗High-Data
RATE APPLICATIONS, most fiber optic transmitters use laser diodes as sources.
Read in Optical Sources and Fiber Optic Transmitters ↗High-Frequency Compensation
See PEAKING COIL [8].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗High-Level Languages
Programming languages that allow the programmer to write programs in English-like terms and symbols and mathematical notation, rather than the 0's and 1's used by the computer.
Read in Glossary ↗High-Level Modulation
Modulation produced in the plate circuit of the last radio stage of the system.
Read in Glossary ↗High-Pass Filter
A filter that passes a majority of the high frequencies on to the next circuit and rejects, or attenuates, the lower frequencies.
Read in Glossary ↗Hits Per Scan
The number of times an rf beam strikes a target per antenna revolution.
Read in Glossary ↗Hiw As
See HAZARDOUS INFLIGHT WEATH- ER ADVISORY SERVICE.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Hnh Hsh E18000
W18000 FCST SWX + 6 HR: 02/0700Z HNH HSH E18000-W18000 FCST SWX + 12 HR: 02/1300Z HNH HSH E18000-W18000 FCST SWX + 18 HR: 02/1900Z NO SWX EXP FCST SWX + 24 HR: 03/0100Z NO SWX EXP RMK: IONOSPHERIC STORM CONTINUES TO CAUSE LOSS-OF-LOCK OF GNSS IN AURORA ZONE.
Read in Chapter 26 — Advisories — Part 5 ↗Hold
SHORT POINT− A point on the runway beyond which a landing aircraft with a LAHSO clearance is not authorized to proceed.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 8 ↗Hold-In
LIEU OF PROCEDURE TURN− A hold-in-lieu of procedure turn must be established over a final or intermediate fix when an approach can be made from a properly aligned holding pattern.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 8 ↗Hole Flow
In the valence band, a process of conduction in which electrons move into holes, thereby creating other holes that appear to move toward a negative potential.
Read in Glossary ↗Hollow
CORE, so named because the core is shaped with a hollow square through the center.
Read in Transformers ↗Hook
ON TYPE VOLTAMMETER The hook-on ac ammeter consists essentially of a current transformer with a split core and a rectifier- type instrument connected to the secondary.
Read in Circuit Measurement ↗Horizontal
DEFLECTION CIRCUITS is an electronic circuit that will duplicate the actions of R1 and R2 used earlier in making up a horizontal line.
Read in Special-Purpose Tubes ↗Horizontal Axis
On a graph, the straight line axis that is plotted from left to right [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Horizontal Pattern
The part of a radiation pattern that is radiated in all directions along the horizontal plane [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Horizontal Plane
An imaginary plane tangent to and touching the Earth's surface as established by a stable element, such as a gyroscope.
Read in Glossary ↗Horizontal-Deflection Plates
A pair of parallel electrodes in a CRT that moves the electron beam from side to side.
Read in Glossary ↗Horizontally Polarized
Waves radiated with their E field component parallel to the earth's surface [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Horn
A funnel-shaped section of waveguide used as a termination device and as a radiating antenna.
Read in Glossary ↗Horn Antenna
See HORN RADIATOR [18].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Horn Radiator
A tubular or rectangular microwave antenna that is tapered and is widest at the open end.
Read in Glossary ↗Horn Type Balance
--‘I “1G EDGE BEVEL -, EFFECT LaF STICK CENTERING SPRING TICK CENTERING RING OR BUNGEE A PULL FORCE INCREMENTADDED 8 y BY SPRING E EQUIVALENT e i5 \ AIRSPEED I= m PUSH LOAD FACTOR figure 4.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 6 ↗Horse
POWER 1'100 1600 400 tJj :;:j 300 ;t> @ ~ ::u (/.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 5 ↗Horsepower
The English unit of power, equal to work done at the rate of 550 foot-pounds per second.
Read in Glossary ↗Horseshoe Magnet
A permanent magnet or electromagnet bent into the shape of a horseshoe or having a U-shape to bring the two poles near each other.
Read in Glossary ↗Hort Period
UNSTABLE OSCILLATION Figure 4.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 6 ↗Host Computer
The main or controlling computer in a distributed data processing network (ddp).
Read in Glossary ↗Hot
WIRE AND THERMOCOUPLE METER MOVEMENTS Hot-wire and thermocouple meter movements both use the heating effect of current flowing through a resistance to cause meter deflection.
Read in Circuit Measurement ↗Hot Carrier
A current carrier, which may be either a hole or an electron, that has relatively high energy with respect to the current carriers normally found in majority-carrier devices.
Read in Glossary ↗Hot Wire Meter Movement
A meter movement that uses the expansion of a heated wire to move the pointer of a meter; measures dc or ac.
Read in Glossary ↗Hot-Carrier Diode
A semiconductor diode in which hot carriers are emitted from a semiconductor layer into the metal base.
Read in Glossary ↗Hot-Wire Meter Movement
A meter movement that uses the expansion of a heated wire to move the pointer of a meter; measures dc or ac [3].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Hour Inspection
An inspection required by 14 CFR 91.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Hour Meter
An instrument installed in many aircraft to show the actual number of hours the engine has operated.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Hover
Hovering close to the sur- face (usually less than one rotor diam- eter distance above the surface) under the influence of ground effect.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Hovering
FORWARD FLIGHT You normally use forward hovering flight to move a helicopter to a specific location, and it is usually begun from a stationary hover.
Read in Chapter 9 — Basic Flight Maneuvers — Part 1 ↗How
ever, if the airfoil is given a positive angle of attack, changes occur in the streamline pattern and pressure distribution similar to changes caused by the addition of circulation to the cylinder.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 1 ↗Hr
1340-~~-2 (At 1500 Ft.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 1 ↗Hru
28 auxiliary blower stopped, a parti al vacuum is set up in the exh aust.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 4 ↗Htk
1, another Kaman helicopter, became the first twin-turbine helicopter to fly.
Read in Chapter 12 — Night Operations — Part 1 ↗Human Factors
The study of how people interact with their environment.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Hunting
Movement of a blade with respect to the other blades in the plane of rotation, sometimes called leading or lagging.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Hybrid Circuit
A circuit where passive components (resistors, capacitors) are deposited onto a substrate made of glass, ceramic, or other insulating material.
Read in Glossary ↗Hybrid Computer
A computer that combines the functions of both analog and digital computers.
Read in Glossary ↗Hybrid Junction
A waveguide junction that combines two or more basic T-junctions.
Read in Glossary ↗Hybrid Mixer
See BALANCED MIXER [18].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Hybrid Ring
A hybrid-waveguide junction that combines a series of E-type T-junctions in a ring configuration.
Read in Glossary ↗Hydrodynamic Forces
Forces relating to the motion of fluids and the effects of fluids acting on solid bodies in motion relative to them.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Hydrodynamic Lift
For seaplanes, the upward force gener- ated by the motion of the hull or floats through the water.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Hydrometer
An instrument used to measure specific gravity.
Read in Glossary ↗Hyperventilation
Occurs when an indi- vidual is experiencing emotional stress, fright, or pain, and the breathing rate and depth increase, although the carbon dioxide level in the blood is already at a reduced level.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Hypoxia
State of oxygen deficiency in the body sufficient to impair functions of the brain and other organs.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Hysteresis
The tim e lag of the magnetic flux in a magnetic material behind the magnetizing force producing it, caused by the molecular friction of the molecules trying to align themselves with the magnetic force applied to the material.
Read in Glossary ↗Hysteresis Loss
The power loss in an iro n-core transformer or other alternating-current device as a result of magnetic hysteresis.
Read in Glossary ↗I '
r- -l ~ __ ; · - ---~--- --~----l.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 3 ↗I I
r--r- 11' j · 1 I i l I l i ' ' i i i i !
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 3 ↗I I I
-r -·-r -· -··· ·• .
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 6 ↗I'M 1
320 (b) W = Total weight of dead and live loading, acting throug h center of gravity, M.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 5 ↗I-L
S Runway Two Five Left approach in use, Runway Two Five Right closed, advise you have Alfa.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 7 ↗I2R Loss
See COPPER LOSSES [11].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Ias)
the speed of the aircraft as observed on the ASI.
Read in Aircraft Performance — Part 3 ↗Ibm
compatible desktop computers that have a maximum capacity of 125 MB.
Read in Magnetic Disk Recording ↗Ic Lgt
MOD RIME, /IC SEV CLR 028-045.
Read in Aviation Weather Services — Part 2 ↗Ic Sev Clr 035
062 Severe clear icing 3,500 to 6,200 ft MSL.
Read in Chapter 24 — Observations — Part 5 ↗Ic Synchros
Electromechanical devices, used to transmit information, that operate on the same principles of interacting magnetic fields as synchros, but differ in their direction of rotation and the amount of torque obtainable.
Read in Glossary ↗Icao Aircraft Address Code For N401Rz
50999999 Plane Sense Chapter 4: Aircraft Registration Plane Sense Chapter 4: Aircraft Registration Figure 4-3.
Read in Chapter 3 — Part 3 ↗Ideal Series-Resonant Circuit
a circuit that really doesn't exist except for our purposes here.
Read in Tuned Circuits ↗Idempotent Law
a term ANDed with itself or ORed with itself is equal to that term (AA = A, A+A = A).
Read in Boolean Algebra ↗Identity Law
In Boolean algebra, the law which states that any expression is equal to itself (for example, IDLER FREQUENCY—In a parametric amplifier, the difference between the input signal and the pump signal frequency.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Idler
or LOWER-SIDEBAND frequency.
Read in Microwave Components and Circuits ↗Idler Frequency
In a parametric amplifier, the difference between the input signal and the pump signal frequency.
Read in Glossary ↗Idling Position
The atti- tude of the seaplane when its entire weight is supported by the buoyancy of the floats, as it is when at rest or during a slow taxi.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Ier
·-t· I 40C 1' ' ' ' I .
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 5 ↗If Amplifier
Usually a narrow-bandwidth IF amplifier that is tuned to one of the output frequencies produced by the mixer.
Read in Glossary ↗Ifr
certified GPS/Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receivers, complete or partial loss of ILS receiver capability, or impairment of air/ground communications capability.
Read in Chapter 10 — IFR Flight — Part 2 ↗Ifr)
certified helicopters are turbine powered, depictions within this chapter use a reciprocating-powered helicopter as this is where training is most likely conducted.
Read in Chapter 8 — Helicopter Attitude Instrument Flying — Part 1 ↗Igfet
Any field-effect transistor that has an insulated gate.
Read in Glossary ↗Ii
Model SR22, Normal Category, Approved November 30, 2000 Engine Teledyne Continental IO-550-N, Type Certificate Data Sheet E3SO Engine Limits Maximum Take-off 2700 RPM (310 hp) Maximum Continuous Power 2700 RPM (310 hp) Propeller and Propeller limits 1.
Read in Chapter 2 — Weight and Balance Theory — Part 3 ↗Iii
Aircraft, Engine, and Propeller Approvals.
Read in Advisory Circulars and Airworthiness Directives ↗Iir
M satellites in orbit with the additional satellites representing replacement satellites (upgraded systems) and spares.
Read in Chapter 9 — Navigation Systems — Part 4 ↗Il 60076
3438 Aerostar International, Inc.
Read in Chapter 5 — Part 6 ↗Image Frequency
An undesired frequency capable of producing the desired frequency through heterodyning.
Read in Glossary ↗Impedance
The total oppositi on offered to the flow of an alternating current.
Read in Glossary ↗Impedance Angle Meter
A device that measures circuit impedance by comparing the phase angle between voltage and current.
Read in Glossary ↗Impedance-Matching Transformer
A transformer used to match the impedance of the source and the impedance of the load.
Read in Transformers ↗Implosion
The inward bursting of a CRT because of high vacuum.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗In A Parallel
LC CIRCUIT impedance is maximum and current is minimum.
Read in Tuned Circuits ↗In A Series
LC CIRCUIT impedance is minimum and current is maximum.
Read in Tuned Circuits ↗In Ampere
TURNS) of the primary and secondary windings.
Read in Transformers ↗In Answering Question 1
47, REFER TO FIGURE 1F.
Read in Module 9 Index ↗In Answering Question 2
55, REFER TO FIGURE 2H.
Read in Module 8 Index ↗In Answering Question 3
26, REFER TO FIGURE 3-C.
Read in Module 7 Index ↗In Answering Question 4
16, REFER TO FIGURE 4A.
Read in Module 9 Index ↗In Answering Questions 1
4 THROUGH 1-6, REFER TO FIGURE 1-A.
Read in Module 3 Index ↗In Answering Questions 1-10 And 1
11, REFER TO FIGURE 1-B.
Read in Module 3 Index ↗In Answering Questions 1-14 Through 1
16, MATCH EACH TERM LISTED IN COLUMN A WITH ITS ASSOCIATED ELECTRONIC SYMBOL LISTED IN COLUMN B A.
Read in Glossary ↗In Answering Questions 1-23 And 1
24, REFER TO FIGURE 1-A.
Read in Module 7 Index ↗In Answering Questions 1-56 And 1
57, REFER TO FIGURE 1-C.
Read in Module 7 Index ↗In Answering Questions 2
8 THROUGH 2-13, REFER TO FIGURE 2-A.
Read in Module 3 Index ↗In Answering Questions 3
3 THROUGH 3-5, MATCH THE SCHEMATIC SYMBOL SHOWN IN COLUMN B TO THE DEVICE LISTED IN COLUMN A.
Read in Module 3 Index ↗In Answering Questions 3-12 And 3
13, REFER TO FIGURE 3-A.
Read in Module 7 Index ↗In Answering Questions 3-36 And 3
37, REFER TO FIGURE 3-E.
Read in Module 7 Index ↗In Answering Questions 3-68 And 3
69, REFER TO FIGURE 3-G.
Read in Module 7 Index ↗In Answering Questions 4
12 AND 4-13, REFER TO FIGURE 4-A.
Read in Module 7 Index ↗In Ground Effect At 2
FOOT SKID CLEARANCE Full throttle and 104% rpm GROSS WEIGHT (KG) −20°C 1,370 −10°C 0°C +10°C +20°C +30°C +40°C Standard day Figure 7-4.
Read in Chapter 7 — Helicopter Performance — Part 1 ↗In Phase
Applied to the condition that exists when two waves of the same frequency pass through their maximum and minimum values of like polarity at the same instant.
Read in Glossary ↗In Questions 4-18 Through 4
22, MATCH THE LIMITER CIRCUIT IN COLUMN A TO THE CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION IN COLUMN B.
Read in Module 9 Index ↗In-Circuit Meter
A meter permanently installed in a circuit; used to monitor circuit operation.
Read in Glossary ↗Inactive
CALIBRATE BEFORE USE label has green lettering and a white background.
Read in Test Equipment Administration and Use ↗Inch
POUNDS) 5/16–18 3/8–16 7/16–14 9/16–12 5/8–11 5/16–24 9/16–18 5/8–18 7/8–14 7-54 Icebox rivets attain about one-half their maximum strength in approximately 1 hour after driving and full strength in about 4 days.
Read in Torque, Rivets, and Installation Practices ↗Incident
An occurrence other than an accident, associated with the operation of an aircraft, which affects or could affect the safety of operations.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Incident Wave
(1) The wave that strikes the surface of a medium.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Inclined Orbit
Orbits where there is some amount of inclination.
Read in Glossary ↗Incoherent
This refers to radiation on a broad band of frequencies.
Read in Glossary ↗Index Of Refraction
The degree of bending of an rf wave when passing from one medium to another.
Read in Glossary ↗Indicated Indicated Airspeed - Knots Airspeed
KNOTS 200 300 300 400 400 500 500 I 600 600 NEGATIVE LIMIT LOAO FACTOR STALL NEGATIVE ULTIMATE LOAD FACTOR \ Figure 5.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 7 ↗Indicator
Equipm ent that provides a visual presentation of target position information.
Read in Glossary ↗Indirectly Heated Cathode
Same as a directly heated cathode with one exception: The hot filament raises the temperature of the sleeve around the filament; the sleeve then becomes the electron emitter.
Read in Glossary ↗Induced Channel Mosfet
A MOSFET in which there is no actual channel between the source and the drain.
Read in Glossary ↗Induced Charge
An electrostatic charge produced on an object by the electric field that surrounds a nearby object.
Read in Glossary ↗Induced Current
Current due to the relative motion between a conductor and a magnetic field.
Read in Glossary ↗Induced Drag
That part of the total drag that is created by the pro- duction of lift.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Induced Electromotive Force
The electromotive force induced in a conductor due to the relative motion between a conductor and a magnetic field.
Read in Glossary ↗Induced Flow
The component of air flowing vertically through the rotor system resulting from the pro- duction of lift.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Induced Voltage
See Induced Electromotive Force.
Read in Glossary ↗Induced-Channel Mosfet
A MOSFET in which there is no actual channel between the source and the drain.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Inductance
The property of a circuit which tends to oppose a change in the existing current flow.
Read in Glossary ↗Inductance Bridge
An ac bridge circuit used to measure an unknown value of inductance.
Read in Glossary ↗Inductance In Ac Circuits
An inductor in an ac circuit opposes any change in current flow just as it does in a dc circuit.
Read in Inductive and Capacitive Reactance ↗Inductance Of A Coil
The property of inductance can be further increased if the conductor is formed into a coil.
Read in Inductance ↗Induction
The act or process of producing voltage by the relative motion of a magnetic field across a conductor.
Read in Glossary ↗Induction Field
The electromagnetic field that is produced about an antenna when current and voltage are present on the same antenna [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Induction Losses
The losses that occur when the electromagnetic field around a conductor cuts through nearby metallic objects and induces a current into that object [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Induction Motor
A simple, rugged, ac motor with desirable characteristics.
Read in Glossary ↗Inductive Coupling
Coupling of two coils by means of magnetic lines of force.
Read in Glossary ↗Inductive Reactance
The o pposition to the flow of an alternating current caused by the inductance of a circuit, expressed in ohms.
Read in Glossary ↗Inertia
The property of matter by which it will remain at rest or in a state of uniform motion in the same direction unless acted upon by some external force.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Infinite
(1) Extending indefinitely, endless.
Read in Glossary ↗Infra
RED and ULTRA-VIOLET are invisible to the human eye.
Read in Wave Propagation ↗Infralow Frequency
The band of frequencies from 300 Hz to 3,000 Hz [19].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Infrasonic (Subsonic)
Sounds below 15 Hz [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Input
The data entered into a computer system for processing.
Read in Glossary ↗Input Devices
Devices for reading data and programs into the computer system for processing.
Read in Glossary ↗Input End
The end of a two-wire transmission line that is connected to a source [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Input Impedance
Impedance presented to the transmitter by the transmission line and its load [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Input/Output
Pertaining to either input or output or both, especially in data processors [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Input/Output Devices
Secondary storage devices for writing and reading data.
Read in Glossary ↗Insertion Loss
The difference between the amount of power applied to a load before and after the insertion of a device in the line.
Read in Glossary ↗Instantaneous Amplitude
The amplitude at any given point along a sine wave at a specific instant in time.
Read in Glossary ↗Instantaneous Automatic Gain Control (Iagc)
Circuit that can vary the gain of the radar receiver with each input pulse to maintain the output peak amplitude nearly constant.
Read in Glossary ↗Instantaneous Value
The instantaneous value of a sine wave of alternating voltage or current is the value of voltage or current at one particular instant of time.
Read in Concepts of Alternating Current ↗Instrument Check
During the preflight, ensure that the pitot tube, drain hole, and static ports are unob- structed.
Read in Chapter 11 — Helicopter Emergencies — Part 3 ↗Instrument Cross
CHECK Cross-checking, sometimes referred to as scanning, is the continuous and logical observation of instruments for attitude and performance information.
Read in Chapter 11 — Helicopter Emergencies — Part 3 ↗Instrument Flight Rules (Ifr)
Rules governing the procedures for conducting instru- ment flight.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Insulation
Materials used to coat or wrap conductors to prevent current leakage.
Read in Glossary ↗Insulation Resistance
The resistance offered by an insulating material to current leakage.
Read in Glossary ↗Insulator
(1) Material of such low conductivity that the flow of current through it can usually be neglected.
Read in Glossary ↗Integrated Circuit
A miniaturized chip in which semiconductor components and other such technology combine the functions of a number of conventional components (such as transistors, resistors, capacitors, and diodes).
Read in Glossary ↗Integrated Circuit (Ic)
Elements inseparably associated and formed on or within a single substrate.
Read in Glossary ↗Intelligence
Any signal that conveys information (voice, teletypewriter, facsimile).
Read in Glossary ↗Intensity (Of Sound)
The measurement of the amplitude of sound energy.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Interaction Space
The region in an electron tube where the electrons interact with an alternating electromagnetic field.
Read in Glossary ↗Intercept
The point where two lines drawn on a graph cross each other [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Interelectrode Capacitance
The capacitance between the electrodes of an electron tube.
Read in Glossary ↗Interference
Any disturbance that produces an undesirable response or degrades a signal [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Interference Drag
Type of drag produced by placing two objects adjacent to one another.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Interlayer Transfer
Any loose material, such as oxide, generated by tape wear or a head-stick condition which is transferred from the oxide to the back of the tape, or from the back side to the oxide when the tape is wound on a reel.
Read in Glossary ↗Intermediate
LEVEL MAINTENANCE (SR&R Code I)—Direct support and technical assistance to user organizations.
Read in Glossary ↗Intermediate Frequency (If)
A lower frequency to which an rf echo is converted for ease of amplification.
Read in Glossary ↗Intermediate Power Amplifier
The amplifier between the oscillator and final power amplifier [12].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Intermodulation Distortion
Nonlinear distortion characterized by the appearance (at the system output) of frequencies equal to the sums and differences of two or more frequencies present at the input.
Read in Glossary ↗Internal)
The section of the cpu in which instructions and data are held.
Read in Glossary ↗Interpoles
Small auxiliary poles placed between main field poles, whose magnetic field opposes the armature field and cancels armature reaction.
Read in Glossary ↗Interrecord/Interblock Gap
A blank section of recording surface separating each record or block of records on a magnetic data medium.
Read in Glossary ↗Intersection Law
In Boolean algebra, the law which states that if one input to an AND gate is already TRUE, then the output will depend upon the state of the other inputs only [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Intersymbol Interference
(1) An interference resulting in a phase shift of the cell playback crossover point with respect to the data clock.
Read in Glossary ↗Intra
SQUAD RECEIVER MARKER BEACON RECEIVER INTER PHONE RADAR DIRECTION FINDER FREQUENCY INDICATOR HOMING EQUIPMENT l.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 7 ↗Introduction To Radio
FREQUENCY COMMUNICATIONS LEARNING OBJECTIVES Learning objectives are stated at the beginning of each chapter.
Read in Introduction to Radio-Frequency Communications ↗Introduction To Solid
STATE DEVICES As you recall from previous studies in this series, semiconductors have electrical properties somewhere between those of insulators and conductors.
Read in Semiconductor Diodes ↗Intsf
intensifying, WKN—weakening, NC—no change).
Read in Chapter 26 — Advisories — Part 1 ↗Intui'Hone System (6079
6109) GUNNElS lADDER (4079-2819) PRESSIJR« TUBE SYSTt'M(60)'9- 5682.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 7 ↗Inversely
Inverted or reversed in position or relationship.
Read in Glossary ↗Inversion
An increase in temperature with altitude.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Invert
To change a physical or logical state to its opposite state [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Inverter
A circuit with one input and one output.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Io-320
D1A or IO-320-D1B Fuel 100/130 minimum grade aviation gasoline Engine limits For all operations, 2700 r.
Read in Routine, Required, and Special Inspections ↗Io-360
ES, Type Certificate Data Sheet (TCDS) E1CE Fuel 100/100LL minimum grade aviation gasoline Engine Limits Maximum Take-off 2700 RPM (200 hp) Maximum Continuous Power 2700 RPM (200 hp) Propeller and Propeller limits 1.
Read in Chapter 2 — Weight and Balance Theory — Part 2 ↗Ion
An electrically charged atom or group of atoms.
Read in Glossary ↗Ion /
SEPARATION AT STALL REVERSE FLOW b SHOCK WAVE SHOCK WAVE INDUCED FLOW SEPARATION Figure 1.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 2 ↗Ionization
The electrically charged particles produced by high energy radiation, such as light or ultraviolet rays, or by the collision of particles during thermal agitation.
Read in Glossary ↗Ionization Point
The potential required to ionize the gas of a gas-filled tube.
Read in Glossary ↗Ionize
To make an atom or molecule of an element lose an electron, as by X-ray bombardment, and thus be converted into a positive ion.
Read in Glossary ↗Ionosphere
The most important region of the atmosphere extending from 31 miles to 250 miles above sea level.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Ionospheric Storms
Disturbances in the earth's magnetic field that make communications practical only at lower frequencies [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Iris
A metal plate with an opening through which electromagnetic waves may pass.
Read in Glossary ↗Iron Oxide
(See gamma-ferric oxide.
Read in Glossary ↗Isogonic Lines
Lines on charts that connect points of equal magnetic variation.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Isolation
The prevention of unwanted interaction or leakage between components.
Read in Glossary ↗Isometric Diagram
A diagram showing the outline of a ship or aircraft or equipment, and the location of equipment and cable runs.
Read in Glossary ↗Isotropic Radiation
The radiation of energy equally in all directions [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Itr
16, and 7SPR-16S are only for submarine outboard use.
Read in The Technician's Handbook ↗Ix
36" Air Valve K-49, K-54 & Future -34- (e) Take-Off Yv'hen the ship is in the hangar it is norl!
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 4 ↗J
r-----;---· ··r·--- ----r---~-~---·-i-- --:-----; L~ .
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 3 ↗J-K Flip
FLOP ¾ Can perform the functions of the RS, T, and D flip-flops.
Read in Glossary ↗Jase
1, 16 DEC 2010 to 1 Figure 4-22.
Read in Chapter 4 — Approaches — Part 4 ↗Jet
A placards in white characters on a black background.
Read in Chapter 2 — Ground Operations — Part 1 ↗Jet A
1, made from kerosene, and JET B, a blend of kerosene and A VGAS.
Read in Aircraft Servicing and Fueling ↗Jr2
W, (cruise climb above tropopause, x-W9 constant M, c,) NAVWEPS oo-801-80 AIRPLANE PERFORMANCE where condition (1) applies to some known condi- tion of weight, fuel flow, and specific range at some original basic altitude during cruise climb.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 4 ↗Judgment
The mental process of recognizing and analyzing all pertinent information in a par- ticular situation, a rational evaluation of alternative actions in response to it, and a timely decision on which action to take.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Junction
(1) The connection between two or more conductors.
Read in Glossary ↗Junction Box
A box with a cover for joining different runs of wire or cable and for providing space for the connection and branching of the enclosed conductors.
Read in Glossary ↗Junction Diode
A two-terminal device containing a single crystal of semiconducting material, which ranges from P-type at one terminal to N-type at the other.
Read in Glossary ↗Junction Transistor
A bipolar transistor constructed from interacting PN junctions.
Read in Glossary ↗K-3 K
14 to K-13 & Future 79.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 1 ↗K-49
31- (2) Outside Gear Adjustments (d) (e) (f) (g) Remove gear cover.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 3 ↗K-7 K
14 to K-13 & Future 53,000 58,950 58.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 1 ↗K-8 K
9 thru K-13 Speed Knots •••••••••••• 40 50.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 2 ↗Kdal 232153Z 21006Kt 7Sm
RA BKN025 BKN060 OVC110 12/11 A2953 RMK AO2 PRESFR SLP995 P0005 Temperature Temperature changes have a significant effect on density altitude.
Read in Chapter 5 — Glider Performance — Part 1 ↗Keel
A strong longitudinal member at the bottom of a float or hull that helps guide the seaplane through the water, and, in the case of floats, supports the weight of the seaplane on land.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Keep
ALIVE VOLTAGE and ranges from 100 volts to 1,000 volts.
Read in Radar Subsystems ↗Keep-Alive Current
See KEEP-ALIVE VOLTAGE [18].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Keep-Alive Voltage
Dc voltage applied to a tr gap electrode to produce a glow discharge that allows the tube to ionize faster when the transmitter fires.
Read in Glossary ↗Key
CLICK FILTERS are used in the keying systems of radio transmitters to prevent such interference.
Read in Amplitude Modulation ↗Key Clicks
Interference in the form of "clicks" or "thumps" caused by the sudden application or removal of power.
Read in Glossary ↗Key-Click Filters
Filters used in keying systems to prevent key-click interference.
Read in Glossary ↗Key-To-Disk
A process, similar to key-to-tape, in which data is transmitted from a keyboard to magnetic disk.
Read in Glossary ↗Key-To-Tape
An operation in which data is transmitted from a keyboard to magnetic tape.
Read in Glossary ↗Keyed
OSCILLATOR TRANSMITTER The KEYED-OSCILLATOR TRANSMITTER most often uses a MAGNETRON as the power oscillator.
Read in Radar Subsystems ↗Keyed-Oscillator Transmitter
A transmitter in which one stage is used to produce the rf pulse.
Read in Glossary ↗Keyer
A device that changes dc pulses to mark and space modulation for teletypewriter transmissions.
Read in Glossary ↗Keying Relays
Relays used in high- power transmitters where the ordinary hand key cannot accommodate the plate current without excessive arcing.
Read in Glossary ↗Kilo
A prefix meaning one thousand.
Read in Glossary ↗Kinesthesia
The sensing of movements by feel.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Kinetic Energy
Energy which a body possesses by virtue of its motion.
Read in Glossary ↗Kirchhoff'S Laws
(1) The algebraic sum of the current flowing toward any point in a circuit and the current flowing away from it is zero.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Kite
To pressurize and raise the wing overhead the PPC cart.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Kiting
Taxiing the PPC on the ground with the wing inflated and overhead.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Klystron Power Amplifier
Multicavity microwave electron tube that uses velocity modulation.
Read in Glossary ↗Knee Of The Curve
The point of maximum curvature.
Read in Glossary ↗Knot
A unit of speed equal to one nautical mile per hour.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Knowledge Exam
See FAA KNOWLEDGE EXAM.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Kt Sfc
008 DURC RY22 JFK Remarks, LLWS, air speed fluctuations of plus or minus 15 kt, surface to 800 ft during climb, Runway 22, John F.
Read in Chapter 24 — Observations — Part 5 ↗Kzny Sigmet Charlie 11 Valid 081500/082100 Kkci
NEW YORK OCEANIC FIR TC KYLE OBS N3106 W07118 AT 1500Z CB TOP FL500 WI 120NM OF CENTER MOV WSW 5 KT NC FCST 2100Z TC CENTER N3142 W07012 The ICAO communication header for this product is WSNT03.
Read in Chapter 26 — Advisories — Part 3 ↗L
+· ~ ---:-·-----~-------+---' -~; ~ ,1 : l ; i ' l !
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 3 ↗L System
·~·AIRSHIP EMERGE'KY PUMP 6 STRAINER UNIT STI\AINER DRAIN.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 6 ↗L---'-- -- -7
r---:--~'--t--j-~'- {-- ;.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 3 ↗L-R
C decade dials are a DEKASTAT decade resistor that is the main balancing element of the bridge.
Read in Common Test Equipment ↗L/D)
to obtain the greatest glide distance.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 1 ↗L/Dmax
The maximum ratio between total lift (L) and total drag (D).
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Laas
equipped airports are able to conduct approaches to Category I level and above for properly equipped aircraft.
Read in Chapter 9 — Navigation Systems — Part 5 ↗Lacing Shuttle
A device upon which lacing may be wound to prevent fouling the tape or cord and facilitate the lacing process.
Read in Glossary ↗Lag
The am ount one wave is behind another in time; expressed in electrical degrees.
Read in Glossary ↗Laminated Core
A core built up from thin sheets of metal insulated from each other and used in transformers.
Read in Glossary ↗Lan
type environments, macrobend and microbend losses are hard to predict.
Read in Optical Fibers and Cables ↗Land Features
MOUNTAIN PASSES The Mountain Pass symbol does not indicate a recommended route or direction of flight, and pass elevation does not indicate a recommended clearance altitude.
Read in Complete Aeronautical Chart Users' Guide — Part 1 ↗Landing
STUCK LEFT PEDAL Be sure to follow the procedures and techniques outlined in the FAA-approved rotorcraft flight man- ual for the helicopter you are flying.
Read in Chapter 11 — Helicopter Emergencies — Part 2 ↗Lands
Conductors or runs on pcbs.
Read in Glossary ↗Language Translator
A program that reads a source program and converts it into an object (machine language) program.
Read in Glossary ↗Lap
SOLDERING CONNECTIONS.
Read in Miniature and Microminiature Repair Procedures ↗Lap Winding
An armature winding in which opposite ends of each coil are connected to adjoining segments of the commutator so that the windings overlap.
Read in Glossary ↗Large
SCALE INTEGRATION (lsi) and VERY LARGE-SCALE INTEGRATION (vlsi) are the results of improvements in microelectronics production technology.
Read in Microelectronics ↗Laser
An acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation.
Read in Glossary ↗Lateral Axis
An imaginary line passing through the center of gravity of a PPC and extend- ing across the PPC from one side of the aircraft to the other side.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Lateral Direction
The direction across the width of the tape.
Read in Glossary ↗Laterial Vibration
A vibra- tion in which the movement is in a lat- eral direction, such as imbalance of the main rotor.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Latex Rubber
Latex rubber is a high-grade compound consisting of 90 percent unmilled grainless rubber.
Read in Electrical Conductors ↗Law Of Absorption
this law is the result of the application of several other laws: A (A+B) = A or A+(AB) = A.
Read in Boolean Algebra ↗Law Of Common Identities
the two statements A (A+B) = AB and A+AB = A+B are based on the complementary law.
Read in Boolean Algebra ↗Law Of Identity
a term that is TRUE in one part of an expression will be TRUE in all parts of the expression (A = A or A = A).
Read in Boolean Algebra ↗Law Of Intersection
a term ANDed with 1 equals that term and a term ANDed with 0 equals 0 (A 1 = A, A 0 = 0).
Read in Boolean Algebra ↗Law Of Magnetism
Like poles repel; unlike poles attract.
Read in Glossary ↗Law Of Union
a term ORed with 1 equals 1 and a term ORed with 0 equals that term (A+1 = 1, A+0 = A).
Read in Boolean Algebra ↗Layer Build
UP method, conductors and insulation layers are alternately deposited on a backing material, as shown in figure 1-42.
Read in Microelectronics ↗Layer-To-Layer Adhesion
The tendency for adjacent layers of tape in a roll to adhere to one another.
Read in Glossary ↗Layer-To-Layer Transfer
The magnetization of a layer of tape in a roll by the field from a nearby recorded layer, sometimes referred to as print through.
Read in Glossary ↗Lba
approved Model BO-209 Approved Flight Manual, Ref.
Read in Routine, Required, and Special Inspections ↗Lbe
(See lower band edge.
Read in Glossary ↗Lbs
IN LOADING GRAPH A = Pilot B = Passenger C = Fuel D = Baggage Figure 19-2.
Read in Chapter 19 — Rotorcraft Flight Manual — Gyroplane ↗Lc Capacitor-Input Filter
This is the most common type of filter.
Read in Glossary ↗Lc Choke-Input Filter
This filter is used in power supplies where voltage regulation is important and where the output current is relatively high and subject to varying load conditions.
Read in Glossary ↗Lead
The opp osite of lag.
Read in Glossary ↗Lead And Lag
The fore (lead) and aft (lag) movement of the rotor blade in the plane of rotation.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Lead Inductance
The inductance of the lead wires connecting the internal components of an electron tube.
Read in Glossary ↗Lead Sheath
A continuous jacket of lead molded around a single-conductor or multiple-conductor cable.
Read in Glossary ↗Lead-Acid Cell
A cell in an ordinary storage battery, in which electrodes are grids of lead containing an active material consisting of certain lead oxides that change in composition during charging and discharging.
Read in Glossary ↗Leading Edge
The part of an airfoil that meets the airflow first.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Leakage Current
The small amount of current that flows through the dielectric between the conductors of a transmission line [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Leakage Flux
Magnetic flux line s produced by the primary winding which do not link the turns of the secondary winding.
Read in Glossary ↗Leakage Resistance
The electrical resistance which op poses the flow of current through the dielectric of a capacitor.
Read in Glossary ↗Least Significant Digit (Lsd)
The LSD is the digit whose position within a given number expression has the least weighting power [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Leew Ard
Downwind, or the downwind side of an object.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Left
HAND RULE FOR A CONDUCTOR: if you grasp the conductor in your left hand with the thumb extended in the direction of the electron flow (current) (− to +), your fingers will point in the direction of the magnetic lines of force.
Read in Concepts of Alternating Current ↗Left-Hand Rule For Generators
A representation of the relationships between motion, magnetic force, and resultant current in the generation of a voltage.
Read in Glossary ↗Left-Hand-Rule For Generators
A rule or procedu re used to determine the direction of electron current flow in the windings of a generator.
Read in Glossary ↗Lemac) 7
6, 9-2 leveling the aircraft .
Read in Index — Part 1 ↗Lenz'S Law
The curr ent induced in a circuit due to its motion in a magnetic field or to a change in its magnetic flux in such a direction as to exert a mechanical force opposing the motion or to oppose the change in flux.
Read in Glossary ↗Let L
23 SUPER BLANIK Serious The pilot's encounter with sinking air conditions that resulted in a loss of lift and a subsequent loss of control.
Read in Chapter 13 — Human Factors — Part 2 ↗Level 0
Nonrepairable parts (resistors, diodes, and so forth.
Read in Microelectronics ↗Level Flight At
- I VELOCITY, KNOTS A 0 Figure 6.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 7 ↗Level I
Submodules attached to circuit cards.
Read in Microelectronics ↗Level Ii
Circuit cards and MOTHER BOARDS.
Read in Microelectronics ↗Lgb
AEG Long Beach AEG Table 5–Aircraft Evaluation Group Designators WI ACE-115W Wichita Aircraft Certification Office SEA-AEG Seattle AEG As an example, TC00125AT-A would be a TC project assigned by the Atlanta ACO on a small airplane with the assigned number 00125.
Read in Type Certificates and Maintenance Data ↗Lication -4'7
Military Standard Requilitioning and Issue Procedures.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 1 ↗Licensed Empty Weight
Basic empty weight not including full engine oil, just undrainable oil.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Lift
REMOTE FREE STREAM Figure 1.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 2 ↗Light
SPORT AIRCRAFT (LSA)− An FAA-registered aircraft, other than a helicopter or powered-lift, that meets certain weight and performance.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 8 ↗Light Rays
Light waves emitting from a source in straight lines [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Light-Emitting Diode (Led)
A PN junction diode that emits visible light when it is forward biased.
Read in Glossary ↗Light-Sport Aircraft (Lsa)
An aircraft that meets the requirements defined in 14 CFR 1.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Lighthouse Tube
An electron tube shaped like a lighthouse, is designed to handle large amounts of power at uhf frequencies.
Read in Glossary ↗Like
WOUND transformers, while those in which the voltages are 180 degrees out of phase are called UNLIKE-WOUND transformers.
Read in Transformers ↗Limitations
Includes operating limitations, instrument markings, color coding, and basic placards necessary for the safe operation of the gyroplane.
Read in Chapter 19 — Rotorcraft Flight Manual — Gyroplane ↗Limiter
A device which prevents (limits) a waveform from exceeding a specified value.
Read in Glossary ↗Lin
LOG AMPLIFIER, instead of a normal IF amplifier.
Read in Radar Subsystems ↗Lin-Log Amplifier
Amplifier in which the response is linear for weak signals and logarithmic for large signals.
Read in Glossary ↗Line
PULSING MODULATOR and the HARD- TUBE MODULATOR.
Read in Radar Subsystems ↗Line Of Force
A line in an electric or magnetic field that shows the direction of the force.
Read in Glossary ↗Line Of Sight
Straight line from a radar antenna to a target.
Read in Glossary ↗Line Tstms Dvlpg By 1955Z Will Mov Ewd 30
35 KT THRU 2055Z HAIL TO 2 IN PSBL Pilot Weather Reports (PIREPs) Pilot weather reports (PIREPs) provide valuable information regarding the conditions as they actually exist in the air, and cannot be gathered from any other source.
Read in Chapter 4 — Weather Theory & Reports — Part 7 ↗Line Twists
When the PPC suspension lines on both sides of the wing are spiraled together.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Line-Overs
A dangerous situation when the suspension line goes over the top of the wing instead of going straight from the wing to the riser system.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Line-Pulsing Modulator
Circuit that stores energy and forms pulses in the same circuit element, usually the pulse-forming network (pfn).
Read in Glossary ↗Linear
Having an output that varies in direct proportion to the input.
Read in Glossary ↗Linear Impedance
An impedance in which a change in current through a device changes in direct proportion to the voltage applied to the device.
Read in Glossary ↗Linearity
The extent to which the magnitude of the reproduced output is directly proportional to the magnitude of the signal applied to the input of the recorder.
Read in Glossary ↗Liquid
One of the three states of matter which has a definite volume but no definite form.
Read in Glossary ↗Liquid Level Pick
UP LIQUID PICK-UP (DIP TUBE) QUANTITY FLOAT6 TYPICAL FUEL TANK (VERTICAL) Figure 2-10.
Read in Chapter 2 — Hot Air Balloon Design, Systems, & Theory — Part 2 ↗Liquid-Cooling System
Source of cooling for high- heat producing equipments, such as microwave components, radar repeaters, and transmitters.
Read in Glossary ↗Lissajous Pattern
A combined, simultaneous display of the amplitude and phase relationships of two input signals on a CRT.
Read in Glossary ↗Llc Rsa
5 and RSA-10 series fuel injection servos.
Read in Chapter 8 — Part 2 ↗Llwas
NE, the TDWR, and the ASR-9 WSP are skillful microburst alerting systems installed at major airports.
Read in Weather Theory — Part 2 ↗Lo)
maximum speed for extending or retracting the landing gear if using a glider equipped with retractable landing gear.
Read in Chapter 4 — Flight Instruments — Part 1 ↗Load
(I) A device through which an electric current flows that changes electrical energy into another form.
Read in Glossary ↗Load Factor
The ratio of a specified load to the total weight of the aircraft.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Load Isolator
A passive attenuator in which the loss in one direction is much greater than that in the opposite direction.
Read in Glossary ↗Loading
See LUMPED-IMPEDANCE TUNING [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Loading Effect
The effect of a voltmeter upon the circuit being measured which results in an inaccurate measurement.
Read in Glossary ↗Lobe
An area of greater signal strength in the transmis sion pattern of an antenna.
Read in Glossary ↗Loc
I), controlled flight into terrain (CFIT), system component failure of the powerplant (SCF-PP), and fuel-related issues.
Read in Appendix B — Part 1 ↗Local Action
A continuation of current flow within an electrical cell when there is no external load.
Read in Glossary ↗Local-Area Network
A network that normally operates within a well- defined and generally self-enclosed area.
Read in Glossary ↗Logarithmic Receiver
Receiver that uses a linear logarithmic amplifier (lin - log) instead of a normal linear amplifier.
Read in Glossary ↗Logbook
A record of activities: flight, instruc- tion, inspection and maintenance.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Logic
The basic principles and applications of truth tables, interconnections of off-on circuit elements, and other factors involved in mathematical computation in automatic data processing systems and other devices [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Logic Circuit
The primary control information processor in digital equipment; made up of electronic gates and so named because their operation is described by simple equations of a specialized logic algebra [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Logic Clips
A device that can be clipped onto an in-circuit, dual-in-line package (DIP) logic IC to determine the logic state of each pin of the IC.
Read in Glossary ↗Logic Diagram
In computers and data processing equipment, a diagram representing the logical elements and their interconnections without necessarily expressing construction or engineering details [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Logic Element
The smallest building blocks that can be represented by operators in an appropriate system of symbolic logic.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Logic Instruction
Any instruction that executes a logic operation that is defined in symbolic logic, such as AND, OR, NAND, or NOR [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Logic Operation
A nonarithmetical operation in a computer, such as comparing, selecting, making references, matching, sorting, and merging, where the logical YES or NO quantities are involved [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Logic Probe
A hand-held probe used to determine the logic state (high or low) of test points in a logic circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Logic Pulser
A hand-held probe used to pulse, or change the logic state, of in circuit logic ICs.
Read in Glossary ↗Logic Switch
A diode matrix (See MATRIX) or other switching arrangement that is capable of directing an input signal to one of several outputs [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Logic Symbol
A symbol used to represent a logic element graphically.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Logical Ac
KNOWLEDGEMENT, NOT CURRENT DATA AUTHORITY, NOT AUTHORIZED NEXT DATA AUTHORITY, ERROR FANS 1/A.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 4 ↗Logical Record
A record th at includes all the data that belongs together as a unit regardless of the physical size or storage location of the data.
Read in Glossary ↗Long
TERM TAPE SPEED—(See tape speed.
Read in Glossary ↗Long-Wire Antenna
An antenna that is a wavelength or more long at its operating frequency [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Longitudinal Axis
An imaginary line through an aircraft from nose to tail, passing through its center of gravity.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Longitudinal Curvature
Any deviation from the straightness of a length of tape.
Read in Glossary ↗Longitudinal Waves
Those waves in which the disturbance (back and forth motion) takes place in the direction of propagation.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Loop
A curved conductor that connects the ends of a coaxial cable or other transmission line and projects into a waveguide or resonant cavity for the purpose of injecting or extracting energy.
Read in Glossary ↗Loose Coupling
Inefficient coupling of energy from one circuit to another that is desirable in some applications.
Read in Glossary ↗Loose Debris
Any material that is very lightly bonded to the tape or the head's top surface, removable by tape motion.
Read in Glossary ↗Loose Tubes
A tube that is not properly seated in its socket may not be making proper contact with the rest of the circuit.
Read in Power Supplies ↗Loran
C, has been very useful and accurate to aviators as well as maritime sailors.
Read in Avionics Installation and Coaxial Cable ↗Low
LEVEL MODULATION as "modulation produced in an earlier stage than the final.
Read in Amplitude Modulation ↗Low (10
20%) HIGH (65 - 90%) WALKING ACROSS CARPET 35,000V 1,500V WALKING OVER VINYL FLOOR 12,000V 250V WORKER AT BENCH 6,000V 100V VINYL ENVELOPES FOR WORK INSTRUCT.
Read in Component Testing ↗Low Frequency
The band of frequencies from 30 kilohertz to 300 kilohertz.
Read in Glossary ↗Low-Data
RATE APPLICATIONS (0 to 20 Mbps), fiber optic transmitters generally use LEDs operating in either the 850-nm or 1300-nm window.
Read in Optical Sources and Fiber Optic Transmitters ↗Low-Level Modulation
Modulation produced in an earlier stage than the final.
Read in Glossary ↗Low-Noise Amplifier
See PREAMPLIFIER [18].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Low-Pass Filter
A method of demodulating pdm by averaging the voltage over pulse and no-pulse time.
Read in Glossary ↗Lower
SIDEBAND FREQUENCY [11].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Lower Band Edge (Lbe)
The lower band edge of the recorder/reproducer response (usually at the -3-dB point).
Read in Glossary ↗Lower Sideband
All difference frequencies below that of the carrier.
Read in Glossary ↗Lower-Frequency Cutoff
The lowest frequency a circuit will pass.
Read in Glossary ↗Lower-Sideband Parametric Down
CONVERTER produces an output frequency that is the DIFFERENCE between the pump frequency and the input frequency.
Read in Microwave Components and Circuits ↗Lowest Usable Frequency
The minimum operating frequency that can be used for communications between two points [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Lp-146
0010, Bureau of Ships, Washington DC, March 1954 Electronic Installation and Maintenance Book, NAVSEA 0967-LP-000-0110, Naval Sea Systems Command, Washington, DC, September 1977.
Read in References ↗Lp-185
7600, Naval Supply Systems Command, Washington, D.
Read in The Technician's Handbook ↗Ls-123
4567 LX ASO local control numbers 1560-LX-NPI-2345 LL Local control numbers (Temporary) 4820-LL-000-1234 Local control numbers (Permanent) 7520-LL-CAO-0001 Note: The permanent local control number can always be recognized by a C in the seventh position.
Read in The Technician's Handbook ↗Lsa
See LIGHT-SPORT AIRCRAFT.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Lsa)
an aircraft, other than a helicopter or powered-lift that, since its original certification, has continued to meet the definition in 14 CFR 1.
Read in Introduction to Flying — Part 3 ↗Lsd
See LEAST SIGNIFICANT DIGIT [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Lt2
220, with a binder or taping attachment for binding material and light manufacture; and a medium-duty double throw (308) zigzag machine, such as a Bernina Model 217, for suspension line repair and replacement.
Read in Chapter 5 — Part 2 ↗Lta
FB Private Pilot knowledge test.
Read in Log Book Endorsement Formats ↗Lte
related accident, and maintaining the ability and option either to go around if making an approach or pull out of a maneuver safely and re-plan, is always the safest option.
Read in Chapter 7 — Helicopter Performance — Part 7 ↗Lumped
IMPEDANCE TUNING, or LOADING.
Read in Antennas ↗Lumped Constants
The properties of inductance, capacitance, and resistance in a transmission line [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Lumped Impedance Tuning
The insertion of an inductor or capacitor in series with an antenna to electrically lengthen or shorten the antenna [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗M 1
320 17-18 Am CORPS Since hull resistance is but 40 percent of tota l, the horsepower to over come tota l resistance Since propeller efficiency is 60 _percent- Total horsepower required= (71.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 4 ↗Maa)
An MAA is a published altitude representing the maximum usable altitude or flight level for an airspace structure or route segment.
Read in Complete Aeronautical Chart Users' Guide — Part 4 ↗Mac
based CG envelope (e.
Read in Chapter 9 — Weight and Balance Control—Commuter Category and Large Aircraft — Part 1 ↗Mac)
the average distance from the leading edge to the trailing edge of the wing.
Read in Weight and Balance — Part 2 ↗Machine (Take-Up) Reel
A reel that remains on the tape drive and on which magnetic tape is wound during the processing of a tape.
Read in Glossary ↗Machine Keying
A method of cw keying using punched tape or other mechanical means to key a transmitter.
Read in Glossary ↗Machine Language
Machine instructions in binary bit patterns that the central processing unit can execute directly without additional interpretation or translation.
Read in Glossary ↗Magic T
See BALANCED MIXER [18].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Magic-T Junction
A combination of the H-type and E-type T-junctions.
Read in Glossary ↗Magnet Wire
Wire coated with an enamel insulation and used in coils, relays, transformers, motor windings, and so forth.
Read in Glossary ↗Magnetic Amplifier
An electromagnetic device that uses one or more saturable reactors to obtain a large power gain.
Read in Glossary ↗Magnetic Amplifier (Mag Amp)
An amplifier that uses electromagnetic effects to provide amplification of a signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Magnetic Field
Region in which the magnetic forces created by a permanent magnet or by a current-carrying conductor or coil can be detected.
Read in Glossary ↗Magnetic Field Around A Current
CARRYING CONDUCTOR If a compass is placed in the vicinity of a current -carrying conductor, the compass needle will align itself at right angles to the conductor, thus indicating the presence of a magnetic force.
Read in Concepts of Alternating Current ↗Magnetic Field Of A Coil
When wire is wound around a core, it forms a COIL.
Read in Concepts of Alternating Current ↗Magnetic Induction
The generation of a voltage in a circuit by causing relative motion between a magnetic field and the circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Magnetic Instability
(1) The property of a magnetic material that causes variations in the residual flux density of a tape to occur with temperature, time, and/or mechanical flexing.
Read in Glossary ↗Magnetic Lines Of Force
Im aginary lines used for convenience to designate the direction in which magnetic forces are acting as a result of magneto-motive force.
Read in Glossary ↗Magnetic Media
Magnetic cards, tapes, disks, drums, cartridges, and cassettes used to record data or information.
Read in Glossary ↗Magnetic Microphone
A microphone in which the sound waves vibrate a moving armature.
Read in Glossary ↗Magnetic Poles
The section of a magnet where the flux lines are concentrated; also where they enter and leave the magnet.
Read in Glossary ↗Magnetic Tape
A mass storage device in which information is stored on a plastic tape coated with a magnetic film.
Read in Glossary ↗Magnetic Trip Element
A circuit breaker trip element that uses the increasing magnetic attraction of a coil with increased current to open the circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Magnetism
The property possessed by certain materials by which these materials can exert mechanical force on neighboring masses of magnetic materials; and can cause currents to be induced in conducting bodies moving relative to the magnetized bodies.
Read in Glossary ↗Magnetizing Field Strength
The instantaneous strength of the magnetic field applied to a sample of magnetic material.
Read in Glossary ↗Magneto
A self-contained engine-driven unit that supplies electrical current to the spark plugs.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Magnetron Oscillator
Electron tube that provides a high power output.
Read in Glossary ↗Main Receiver
weahrn Eleotrio BlJ -19 -+ 1 .
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 7 ↗Main Storage (Memory)
See storage, primary.
Read in Glossary ↗Maintenance
Work done to correct, reduce, or counteract wear, failure, and damage to equipment.
Read in Glossary ↗Major Lobe
The lobe in which the greatest amount of radiation occurs [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Majority Carriers
The mobile charge carriers (holes or electrons) that are predominate in a semiconductor material; for example, electrons in an N-type region.
Read in Glossary ↗Make/Model
Refers to the manufacturer and model of a specific aircraft.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Maneuvering Altitude
An altitude above the ground that allows a sufficient margin of height to permit safe maneuvering.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Map
NA VIGA TION MAP MFD provide navigation information - moving map DCL TRMAP Figure 1-6.
Read in Chapter 1 — The National Airspace System — Part 2 ↗Marconi Antenna
A quarter-wave antenna that is operated with one end grounded and is positioned perpendicular to the earth [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Mark
An interval during which a signal is present.
Read in Glossary ↗Marking
The state where a circuit is closed and current flows in teletypewriter operation.
Read in Glossary ↗Married Needles
A term used when two hands of an instrument are superimposed over each other, as on the engine/rotor tachometer.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Mask
A device used to deposit materials on a substrate in the desired pattern.
Read in Glossary ↗Mass Storage
Any external storage medi um (magnetic tape, disk, drum, and so on) that supports and can be linked to the cpu's main memory in the computer.
Read in Glossary ↗Mast
The component that sup- ports the main rotor.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Mast Bumping
Action of the rotor head striking the mast, occurring on underslung rotors only.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Master
The file that contains all the data records in up -to-date form.
Read in Glossary ↗Master Oscillator
In a transmitter, the oscillator that establishes the carrier frequency of the output.
Read in Glossary ↗Master Oscillator Power Amplifier (Mopa)
A transmitter in which the oscillator is isolated from the antenna by a power amplifier.
Read in Glossary ↗Matched
CLAD and DEPRESSED-CLAD are two types of single mode step-index fibers.
Read in Optical Fibers and Cables ↗Matrix
In computers, a logic network in the form of an array of input leads and output leads with logic elements connected at some of their intersections [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Matter
Any physical entity which possesses mass.
Read in Glossary ↗Mavweps 00-Bot
80 APPLICATION OF AEBODYNAMICS TO SPECIFIC PBOBLEMS OF FLYING ROTOR BLADE ELEMENT RELATIVE - ROTATION WIND COMPONENT DUE TO ROTATION LOCAL FLOW AT BLADE ELEMENT VELOCITY DUE RESULTANT RELATIVE VELOCITY --_ TIP PATH PLANE Figure 6.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 8 ↗Mavweps Od-Bot
80 APPLICATION OF AERODYNAMICS TO SPECIFIC PROBLEMS OF FLYING insure a consistent, safe takeoff flying tech- nique.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 8 ↗Maweps 00-801
80 AIRPLANE PERFORMANCE The various items of airplane performance result from the combination of airplane and powerplant characteristics.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 3 ↗Maximum
- 99% MAXIMUM RANGE SPECIFIC RANGE APPLICABLE FOR A PARTICLAR -CONFIGURATION -ALTITUDE -WEIGHT VELOCITY, KNOTS AREA REPRESENTS Figure 2.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 4 ↗Maximum Gross Weight
The maximum weight of the helicopter.
Read in Chapter 6 — Rotorcraft Flight Manual — Part 1 ↗Maximum Usable Frequency
Maximum frequency that can be used for communications between two locations for a given time of day and a given angle of incidence [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Maximum Vne Doors Off
102 MPH IAS VNE - MPH IAS GROSS□ WEIGHT MORE□ THAN□ 1,700□ LBS 1,700□ LBS□ OR□ LESS NEVER EXCEED SPEED Pressure Alt.
Read in Chapter 6 — Rotorcraft Flight Manual — Part 1 ↗Mbb P/N 209
61056 Governor: Woodward P/N T210452 or P/N 210681 10-7 2 A27EU Airspeed limits (CAS) Normal and Utility Category Never exceed 173 knots (199 m.
Read in Routine, Required, and Special Inspections ↗Mca)
An MCA is the lowest altitude at certain fixes at which the aircraft must cross when proceeding in the direction of a higher minimum enroute IFR altitude.
Read in Complete Aeronautical Chart Users' Guide — Part 4 ↗Mcsf
4 Multiple conductor, acoustic minesweeping, power: two American Wire Gauge (AWG) 6 and two AWG 1 conductors, rubber insulation, reinforced polychloroprene jacket.
Read in The Technician's Handbook ↗Md 20910
3281 Telephone Toll-Free 1-800-638-8972 Aeronautical Inquires: https://www.
Read in Complete Aeronautical Chart Users' Guide — Part 1 ↗Md)
11 overran the runway at JFK.
Read in Airport Operations — Part 5 ↗Mda
the lowest altitude, expressed in feet MSL, to which descent is authorized on final approach or during circle-to land maneuvering in execution of a standard instrument approach procedure (SIAP) where no electronic glideslope is provided.
Read in Chapter 4 — Approaches — Part 2 ↗Mea
22000 MEA-24000D MEA CAP 1300-06002MEA-24000D MEA-26000D Waypoint Waypoint RANCHO MURIETA N40°05.
Read in Chapter 2 — En Route Operations — Part 3 ↗Mea)
The MEA is the lowest published altitude between radio fixes that assures acceptable navigational signal coverage and meets obstacle clearance requirements between those fixes.
Read in Complete Aeronautical Chart Users' Guide — Part 4 ↗Mea- 29000 Mea
FL240 LOW CHARTS HIGH CHARTS 65 279 $J505$ MEA G AP MEA- 24000 TWISP LOW / HIGH LOW / HIGH CHARTS CHARTS LOW CHARTS LOW CHARTS LOW CHARTS LOW CHARTS LOW / HIGH LOW / HIGH CHARTS CHARTS MINIMUM ENROUTE ALTITUDE (MEA) All Altitudes Are MSL Unless Otherwise Noted.
Read in Complete Aeronautical Chart Users' Guide — Part 5 ↗Mean Aerodynamic Chord (Mac)
The average distance from the leading edge to the trail- ing edge of the wing.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Measurements
Adjust the METER ZERO control for zero meter indication.
Read in Component Testing ↗Mechanical
ROTATION FREQUENCY measurement and ELECTRICAL-OUTPUT FREQUENCY measurement.
Read in Miscellaneous Measurements ↗Mechanical Scanning
The reflector, its feed source, or the entire antenna is moved in a desired pattern.
Read in Glossary ↗Mechanical Turbulence
Type of tur- bulence caused by obstructions on the ground interfering with smooth flow of the wind.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Mechanical-Rotation Frequency
The speed in revolutions per minute of armatures in electric motors and engine-driven generators; blade speed in turbines.
Read in Glossary ↗Mechanization
Using electric or electro-mechanical switches to represent logic circuits (AND, OR, NOT, NOR, NAND) [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Medical Certificate
Acceptable evidence of physical fitness on a form prescribed by the Administrator.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Medium
The material on which data and instructions ar e recorded, such as punched cards, paper tape, and all forms of magnetic media (tape, disk, drum, and so on).
Read in Glossary ↗Medium Altitude Orbit
An orbit from 2,000 to 12,000 miles above the earth.
Read in Glossary ↗Medium Frequency
The band of frequencies from 300 kilohertz to 3 megahertz.
Read in Glossary ↗Medium-Banked Turn
Turn resulting from a degree of bank (approximately 20 to 45 degrees) at which the PPC remains at a constant bank.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Mef
Man-made Obstacle When a man-made obstacle is more than 200' above the highest terrain within the quadrant: 1.
Read in Complete Aeronautical Chart Users' Guide — Part 1 ↗Mega
A prefix meaning one million, also Meg.
Read in Glossary ↗Megger
A meter used to measure insulation resistance.
Read in Glossary ↗Megohmmeter
A meter that measures very large values of resistance; usually used to check for insulation breakdown in wires.
Read in Glossary ↗Mel)
An inventory of instruments and equipment that may legally be inoperative, with the specific conditions under which an aircraft may be flown with such items inoperative.
Read in Chapter 9 — Basic Flight Maneuvers — Part 1 ↗Memory
A device or section of the computer in which computer instructions and data can be stored for retrieval (synonymous with primary or internal storage).
Read in Glossary ↗Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field
EFFECT TRANSISTOR—See MOSFET.
Read in Glossary ↗Metallic Armor
A protective covering for wires or cables.
Read in Glossary ↗Metallic Insulator
A shorted quarter-wave section of transmission line.
Read in Glossary ↗Metallic Rectifier
Also known as a DRY-DISC RECTIFIER.
Read in Glossary ↗Metar
equivalent data (ceiling, visibility, temperature, dew point pressure, wind direction, wind speed) across grid that extend well beyond airport locations.
Read in Chapter 25 — Analysis — Part 1 ↗Metar Btr 161753Z 14021G26 3/4Sm
RA BR BKN008 OVC012 18/17 A2970 RMK PRESFR Explanation: • Type of Report Routine METAR.
Read in Chapter 4 — Weather Theory & Reports — Part 7 ↗Meter
A device used to measure an electrical quantity; e.
Read in Glossary ↗Meter Movement
The part of the meter that moves to indicate some electrical value.
Read in Glossary ↗Meter Shunt
A resistor placed in parallel with the meter terminals; used to provide increased range capability.
Read in Glossary ↗Metrology Calibration (Metcal) Program
A Navy calibration program designed to ensure the accuracy of test equipment through comparisons with calibration laboratory standards of known accuracy.
Read in Glossary ↗Mfm
(See modified frequency modulation.
Read in Glossary ↗Mho
Unit of conductance: the reciprocal of the ohm.
Read in Glossary ↗Micro
EN ROUTE AUTOMATED RADAR TRACKING SYSTEM.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 8 ↗Microcircuit
A small circuit having high equivalent-circuit-element density, which is considered as a single part composed of interconnected elements on or within a single substrate to perform an electronic-circuit function.
Read in Glossary ↗Microcircuit Module
An assembly of microcircuits or a combination of microcircuits and discrete components that perform one or more distinct functions.
Read in Glossary ↗Microcomputers
The smallest category of computers, usually with the entire central processing unit on a single chip.
Read in Glossary ↗Microelectronics
That area of electronics technology associated with electronic systems built of extremely small electronic parts or elements.
Read in Glossary ↗Microphone
An energy converter that changes sound energy into electrical energy.
Read in Glossary ↗Microphonics
Electrical noise caused by the mechanical motion of the internal parts of a device.
Read in Glossary ↗Microprocessor
The semiconductor central processing unit (cpu) of a microcomputer that fits on a small silicon chip.
Read in Glossary ↗Microsecond
One millionth of a second.
Read in Glossary ↗Microwave Region
The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum from 1,000 megahertz to 100,000 megahertz.
Read in Glossary ↗Mil
SPEC for solid spruce is MIL-S-6073 and for plywood it is MIL-P-6070B.
Read in Aircraft Wood and Material Selection ↗Mil Foot
A unit of measurement for conductors (diameter of 1 mil, 1 foot in length.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Mil-A
5092, to the decal and prepared receiving surface.
Read in Finish Repair and Painting Safety ↗Mil-C
22543A is a water emulsion cleaning compound intended for use on both painted and unpainted aircraft surfaces.
Read in Aircraft Cleaning and Cleaning Materials ↗Mil-Dtl
5541F or AMS-C-5541A.
Read in Corrosion Control Finishes and Treatments ↗Mil-Foot
A unit of measurement for conductors.
Read in Glossary ↗Mil-G
16491 N/A As marked Container closure systems, 3-ring risers, deployment bags Rolled rim spur grommets are the most common grommets used in modern parachute systems.
Read in Chapter 8 — Part 7 ↗Mil-H
5606 fluid always contains blue but may also contain red or other colors.
Read in Aircraft Hydraulic Systems ↗Mil-Hdbk
17, Plastics for Flight Vehicles, Part II Transparent Glazing Materials.
Read in Transparent Plastics ↗Mil-L
22851 or MIL-L-6082C (SAE J1966) grade 1100 oil to one part of concentrate.
Read in Engine Adjustment and Post-Installation Checks ↗Mil-P
5425 for regular acrylic and MIL-P-8184 for craze-resistant acrylic.
Read in Transparent Plastics ↗Mil-R
1832E 45 lb new Tan in color, 4 sizes: 1-¼" × 3/8" × .
Read in Chapter 8 — Part 7 ↗Mil-S
8802 class A ½ sealant.
Read in Control Cables and Safetying Methods ↗Mil-Std
167) RF Interference 30 Hz to 40 GHz In the example in table 1-1, the environmental requirements are set forth as MILITARY STANDARDS for performance.
Read in Microelectronics ↗Mil-Std-188
112, Department of Defense, Washington, DC, August 1983.
Read in References ↗Mil-T
43435 80-90 lb Black or white colors Hand tacking N/A Specification: Strength: Identification: Common Use: Comment: V-T-276 A.
Read in Chapter 8 — Part 5 ↗Mil-W
27759 conductor EXAMPLE 1 EXAMPLE 2 No.
Read in Aircraft Electrical Wiring and Installation ↗Mil-W-83420 Mil-W-83420 Mil-C
18375 of wire rope cable diameter(plus only) COMP A COMP B (CRES) (CRES)at cut end INCHES INCHES INCHES POUNDS POUNDS POUNDS 1/32 3 x 7 0.
Read in Aircraft Rigging ↗Miles-In
TRAIL− A specified distance between aircraft, normally, in the same stratum associated with the same destination or route of flight.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 8 ↗Military Operations Area (Moa)
Air- space of defined vertical and lateral limits es- tablished for the purpose of separating certain military training activity from IFR traffic.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Military Specifications (Mil-Spec)
Technical requirements and standards adopted by the Department of Defense, which are to be met by vendors selling materials to DOD.
Read in Glossary ↗Military Standard Synchros
Synchros that conform to specifications that are uniform throughout the Armed Services.
Read in Glossary ↗Military Standards (Milstd)
Standards of performance for components or equipment that must be met to be acceptable for military systems.
Read in Glossary ↗Military Training Routes (Mtr)
Special routes developed to allow the military to conduct low-altitude, high speed training.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Milli
A prefix meaning one-thousandth.
Read in Glossary ↗Millisecond
One thousandth of a second.
Read in Glossary ↗Min
27 ALT +27 +10 FDX514 +12 -08 ABX123 UPS350 +09 Suveillance ADS.
Read in Chapter 5 — Flight Instruments — Part 4 ↗Mindset
A factor in aeronautical decision making where decision making is influenced by preconceived ideas about the outcome of events.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Miniature Electronics
Modules, packages, pcbs, and so forth, composed exclusively of discrete components.
Read in Glossary ↗Minicomputers
Midsize computers that are smaller than large -scale systems but with the same components.
Read in Glossary ↗Minimum Discernible Signal (Mds)
The weakest input signal that produces a usable signal at the output of a receiver.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Minor Lobe
The lobe in which the radiation intensity is less than that of a major lobe [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Minority Carriers
Either electrons or holes, whichever is the less dominant carrier in a semiconductor device.
Read in Glossary ↗Minority Current
A very small current that passes through the base-to-collector junction when this junction is reverse biased.
Read in Glossary ↗Minutes-In
TRAIL− A specified interval between aircraft expressed in time.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 8 ↗Mixer
In radar, a circuit that combines the received rf signal with a local-oscillator signal to effectively convert the received signal to a lower IF frequency signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Ml)
an extension of the flat side of a part beyond the radius.
Read in Sheet Metal Forming Concepts ↗Mld)
the dimension of a part made by the intersection of mold lines.
Read in Sheet Metal Forming Concepts ↗Mmo
maximum operating speed expressed as a Mach number (the decimal ratio of true airspeed to the speed of sound).
Read in Chapter 16 — Transition to Jet-Powered Airplanes — Part 1 ↗Moa
Military Operations Area R - Restricted Area A - Alert Area * W - Warning Area * Alert Areas do not extend into Class A, B, C and D airspace, or Class E airport surface areas.
Read in Complete Aeronautical Chart Users' Guide — Part 4 ↗Moca)2
36 Minimum Turning Altitude (MTA) .
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Mode C Transponder
A receiver/transmit- ter which will generate a radar reply signal upon proper interrogation; the interrogation and reply being on different frequencies.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Mode Dme Waypoint Freq-Rad
DST NAV SYSTEM PULL IDOFF and distance of the aircraft from the transmitter.
Read in Satellite Navigation and Avionics ↗Mode Shifting
In a magnetron, shifting from one mode to another during a pulse.
Read in Glossary ↗Mode Skipping
Rather than firing on each successive pulse as desired, the magnetron fires randomly.
Read in Glossary ↗Model 135M
11 Strobe flash tube RPM dial 2-31 TESTER Interrupter plate Motor caps are temporarily attached to the tip of each blade.
Read in Helicopter Flight Conditions ↗Modem
Acronym for MOdulator -DEModulator.
Read in Glossary ↗Moderate-Data
RATE APPLICATIONS (50 to 200 Mbps), fiber optic transmitters generally use LEDs operating in the 1300-nm window.
Read in Optical Sources and Fiber Optic Transmitters ↗Modes
Operational phases (of a radar).
Read in Glossary ↗Modified Frequency
MODULATION (MFM) ENCODING The MFM method of encoding digital data onto a disk is more popular because it is more efficient and more reliable than straight FM encoding.
Read in Magnetic Disk Recording ↗Modified Frequency Modulation (Mfm)
(1) A code that has a "1" and a "O" corresponding to the respective presence or absence of a transition in the center of the corresponding bit cell.
Read in Glossary ↗Modified Transistor Outline (To)
IC package resembling a transistor.
Read in Glossary ↗Modular
ASSEMBLY (nonrepairable item) approach was devised to achieve ultra-high density packaging.
Read in Microelectronics ↗Modular Circuitry
A technique where printed circuit boards are stacked and connected together to form a module.
Read in Glossary ↗Modular Packaging
Circuit assemblies or subassemblies packaged to be easily removed for maintenance or repair.
Read in Glossary ↗Modulated Wave
A complex wave consisting of a carrier and a modulating wave that is transmitted through space.
Read in Glossary ↗Modulating Wave
An information wave representing intelligence.
Read in Glossary ↗Modulation
The ability to impress intelligence upon a transmission medium, such as radio waves.
Read in Glossary ↗Modulation Factor (M)
An indication of relative magnitudes of the rf carrier and the audio-modulating signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Modulation Index
When a sine wave is used to modulate an fm signal, the ratio of the frequency deviation to the frequency of the modulating wave.
Read in Glossary ↗Modulator
A device that produces modulation; i.
Read in Glossary ↗Modulator Switching Device
Controls the on (discha rge) and off (charge) time of the modulator.
Read in Glossary ↗Module
A circuit or portion of a circuit packaged as a removable unit.
Read in Glossary ↗Moisture Lapse
Abnormal variation of moisture content at different altitudes because of high moisture located just above large bodies of water.
Read in Glossary ↗Moment
If the weight of an object is multiplied by its arm, the result is known as its moment.
Read in Chapter 6 — Rotorcraft Flight Manual — Part 2 ↗Monolithic Circuit
A circuit where all elements (resistors, transistors, etc.
Read in Glossary ↗Monolithic Ic
ICs that are formed completely within a semiconductor substrate.
Read in Glossary ↗Monopulse (Simultaneous) Lobing
Radar receiving method using two or more (usually four) partially overlapping lobes.
Read in Glossary ↗Monopulse Radar
A radar that gets the range, bearing, and elevation position data of a target from a single pulse.
Read in Glossary ↗Monopulse Receiver
See Monopulse Lobing.
Read in Glossary ↗Monostable Multivibrator
A multivibrator which has one steady state.
Read in Glossary ↗Moor
To secure or tie the seaplane to a dock, buoy, or other stationary object on the surface.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Mos2
210 (formerly MOS2-200) None As Requested McLube MOS2 - 1118 None As Requested Thermotex 000 None 1 lb.
Read in The Technician's Handbook ↗Mosfet
A semiconductor device that contains diffused source and drain regions on either side of a P- or N-channel area.
Read in Glossary ↗Most Significant Digit (Msd)
The MSD is the digit whose position within a given number expression has the greatest weighting power [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Motor
A machine that converts electrical energy to mechanical energy.
Read in Glossary ↗Motor Load
Any device driven by a motor.
Read in Glossary ↗Motor Reaction
The force created by generator armature current that tends to oppose normal rotation of the armature.
Read in Glossary ↗Motor Starters
Large resistive devices placed in series with dc motor armatures to prevent the armature from drawing excessive current until armature speed develops counter emf.
Read in Glossary ↗Moving
COIL MICROPHONE is shown in figure 1-35.
Read in Amplitude Modulation ↗Moving Target Indicator
A device that limits the display of radar information to moving targets.
Read in Glossary ↗Moving-Iron Meter Movement
Same as moving-vane meter movement.
Read in Glossary ↗Moving-Vane Meter Movement
A meter movement that uses the magnetic repulsion of the like poles created in iron vanes by current through a coil of wire; most commonly used movement for ac meters.
Read in Glossary ↗Mow
250) + (MPOS/150 * 300) 4.
Read in Chapter 5 — Part 7 ↗Mra)
MRAs are determined by FAA flight inspection traversing an entire route of flight to establish the minimum altitude the navigation signal can be received for the route and for off-course NAVAID facilities that determine a fix.
Read in Complete Aeronautical Chart Users' Guide — Part 4 ↗Ms 20 426 Ad 5
8 4-31 if an excessively small rivet diameter is selected for thick material, the shear strength of the rivet is not great enough to carry the load of the joint.
Read in Holding Devices, Alloys, and Fasteners ↗Ms20426
countersunk head rivets (100°) AN430 or MS20430—roundhead rivets AN441—flathead rivets AN456—brazier head rivets AN470 or MS20470—universal head rivets There are also letters and numbers added to a part number.
Read in Torque, Rivets, and Installation Practices ↗Ms20426-Ad4
6 rivet is required, the specifications have already been written for it in the Military Standard (MS) specifications.
Read in Torque, Rivets, and Installation Practices ↗Ms22046
1 5,000 lb As marked Army T-10 harness N/A Specification: Proof Load: Identification: Common Use: Comment: 11-1-485 5,000 lb As marked MC1-1B assemblies Replaces old style D-ring MS22046-1.
Read in Chapter 8 — Part 5 ↗Ms28775 O
ring, which is replacing AN6227 and AN6230 O-rings, and the MS28778 O-ring, which is replacing the AN6290 O-ring.
Read in Aircraft Hydraulic Systems ↗Ms28889
1 valve in Figure 13-24B has no valve core.
Read in Landing Gear Types and Operation ↗Msd
See MOST SIGNIFICANT DIGIT [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Msl
use NAVAIDs not more than 80 NM apart.
Read in Chapter 2 — En Route Operations — Part 3 ↗Mta)
Minimum turning altitude (MTA) is a charted altitude providing vertical and lateral obstruction clearance based on turn criteria over certain fixes, NAVAIDs, waypoints, and on charted route segments.
Read in Complete Aeronautical Chart Users' Guide — Part 4 ↗Mtds
An abbreviation for the marine tactical data system.
Read in Glossary ↗Multi
FLEX LOWER MAIN LIFT WEB 7.
Read in Chapter 5 — Part 5 ↗Multi-Electrode Tube
An electron tube that is normally classified according to the number of grids.
Read in Glossary ↗Multi-Loop Servo System
A servo system that contains more than one servo loop, each loop designed to perform its own function.
Read in Glossary ↗Multi-Unit And Multi
ELECTRODE TUBES One of the problems associated with electron tubes is that they are bulky.
Read in Special-Purpose Tubes ↗Multi-Unit Tube
An electron tube containing two or more units within the same envelope.
Read in Glossary ↗Multiconductor
More than one conductor.
Read in Glossary ↗Multicouplers
Couplers patch receivers or transmitters to antennas.
Read in Glossary ↗Multielectrode Tube
An electron tube normally classified according to its number of electrodes (the multielectrode tube contains more than three electrodes) [6].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Multielement Array
An array that consists of one or more arrays and is classified as to directivity [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Multielement Parasitic Array
An array that contains two or more parasitic elements and a driven element [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Multiloop Servosystem
A servosystem that contains more than one servo loop; each loop is designed to perform its own function [15].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Multimeter
A single meter combining the functions of an ammeter, a voltmeter, and an ohmmeter.
Read in Glossary ↗Multimode Graded
INDEX FIBERS A multimode graded-index fiber has a core of radius (a).
Read in Optical Fibers and Cables ↗Multimode Step
INDEX FIBERS A multimode step-index fiber has a core of radius (a) and a constant refractive index n 1.
Read in Optical Fibers and Cables ↗Multipath
The multiple paths a radio wave may follow between transmitter and receiver [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Multiple
LOAD VOLTAGE DIVIDERS A multiple-load voltage divider is shown in figure 3-65.
Read in Direct Current ↗Multiplexing
A method for simultaneous transmission of two or more signals over a common carrier wave.
Read in Glossary ↗Multiplication Factor
The number of times an input frequency is multiplied.
Read in Glossary ↗Multiprocessing
A computer processing mode that provides for simultaneous processing of two or more programs or routines by use of multiple cpu's.
Read in Glossary ↗Multiprogramming
A computer processing mode that provides for overlapping or interleaving the execution of two or more programs at the same time by a single processor.
Read in Glossary ↗Multispeed Synchro Systems
Systems that transmit data at different transmission speeds; for example, dual-speed and tri-speed synchro systems.
Read in Glossary ↗Multiunit Tube
An electron tube containing two or more units within the same envelope.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Multivibrator
A form of relaxation oscillator which comprises two stages that are coupled so that the input of one is derived from the output of the other.
Read in Glossary ↗Multivibrator Modulator
An astable multivibrator used to provide frequency modulation by inserting the modulating af voltage in series with the base-return of the multivibrator transistors.
Read in Glossary ↗Mutual Flux
The total flux i n the core of a transformer that is common to both the primary and secondary windings.
Read in Glossary ↗Mutual Inductance
A circuit property existing when the relative position of two inductors causes the magnetic lines of force from one to link with the turns of the other.
Read in Glossary ↗Myv Vor/Dme R
263to YUBBA INT before proceeding on course, or for climb in visual conditions: cross Auburn Muni airport ator MYV VOR/DME R-094 to MYV VOR/DME, then via MYV VOR/DME R-263 to YUBBA INT before proceeding on course.
Read in Chapter 1 — Departure Procedures — Part 3 ↗N-S E
W COM frequency window NAV frequency window COM controls Moving map WPT _ _ _ _ _ _ DIS _ _ .
Read in Aircraft System Instruments ↗N/A4100 4-28
05Cracked SAMPLE Chapter 10: Service Difficulty Program Plane Sense Chapter 10: Service Difficulty Program Plane Sense here are several ways to obtain various Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) publications.
Read in Chapter 10 — Part 1 ↗N2631A Piper Pa-22-135 22
903 NORMAL NONE 08-10-95 MARION W.
Read in Chapter 3 — Part 1 ↗N3006 W14012
N2012 W15016 CB TOP FL400 MOV W 10KT WKN.
Read in Chapter 26 — Advisories — Part 2 ↗N63308 Rx-8
3094 Aerostar RX-8 John A.
Read in Chapter 2 — Hot Air Balloon Design, Systems, & Theory — Part 3 ↗Na
means alternate minimums are not authorized due to unmonitored facility or absence of weather reporting service.
Read in Chapter 1 — Departure Procedures — Part 2 ↗Na - Y9E1
510 Stromberg Carbur .
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 6 ↗Na V
COM aids allows the FMS to change radio frequencies as the flight plan is enacted.
Read in Magnetic Compasses and Vacuum Systems ↗Na Vigational Aid (Na V Aid)
Any visual or electronic device, air- borne or on the surface, that provides point-to-point guidance information, or position data, to aircraft in flight.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Naca 66
009 delay the transition to some point farther aft on the chord.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 2 ↗Nand
A logic function of A and B that is true if either A or B is false [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Nand Circuit
A combination of a NOT function and an AND function in a binary circuit that has two or more inputs and one output.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Nas
804) to a Performance Standard (AS 8015b).
Read in Chapter 4 — Part 3 ↗Nas 804
Specification–Parachutes .
Read in Chapter 5 — Part 6 ↗Nas144Dh
22 NAS = National Aircraft Standard 144 = head style; diameter and thread—1⁄4-28 bolt, internal wrenching DH = drilled head 22 = screw length in 16ths of an inch—13⁄8 inches long The basic NAS number identifies the part.
Read in Special Fasteners, Screws, and Hole Repair ↗Nas177-14
17 7-61 Before pulling begins1 Stem is pulled into rivet sleeve and starts to form bulbed blind head.
Read in Special Fasteners, Screws, and Hole Repair ↗National Bureau Of Standards (Nbs)
A bureau of the United States government that is responsible for maintaining the nation's electrical and physical standards.
Read in Glossary ↗Natural Frequency
See Resonance Frequency.
Read in Glossary ↗Natural Horizon
The line-of-sight horizon [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Nautical Mile
The length of a minute of arc of a great circle of the earth (6,076 ft.
Read in Glossary ↗Navaid Standard Service Volume (Ssv) Clas
SIFICATIONS (VL), (T), etc.
Read in Complete Aeronautical Chart Users' Guide — Part 5 ↗Navair 00-80T
80 02 JANUARY 1965 NAVAIR 00-80T -80 DATED 01 JAUARY 1965 CHANGED THE DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT AND DESTRUCTION NOTICE ON THE TITLE PAGE.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 1 ↗Navair 01-1A
505, Naval Air Systems Command, Washington, DC, June 1988.
Read in References ↗Navair 16-1
540, Naval Air Systems Command, Washington, D.
Read in The Technician's Handbook ↗Navair 16-45
3103, Naval Air Systems Command, Washington, D.
Read in References ↗Navedtra 10054
F, Naval Education and Training Professional Development and Technology Center, Pensacola, Fla.
Read in The Technician's Handbook ↗Navedtra 10069
C, will be of great help to you.
Read in Direct Current ↗Navedtra 10228
H1, Naval Education and Training Professional Development and Technology Center, Pensacola, FL, 1991.
Read in References ↗Navedtra 10276
1, Naval Education and Training Professional Development and Technology Center, Pensacola, FL, 1988.
Read in References ↗Navedtra 10353
D, Naval Education and Training Professional Development and Technology Center, Pensacola, FL, 1987.
Read in References ↗Navedtra 172-02-00
91, Naval Education and Training Professional Development and Technology Center, Pensacola, FL, 1991.
Read in References ↗Navedtra 172-09-00
83, Naval Education and Training Professional Development and Technology Center, Pensacola, FL, 1983.
Read in References ↗Navedtra 172-14-00
84, Naval Education and Training Professional Development and Technology Center, Pensacola, Fla.
Read in References ↗Navedtra 80197
1, Naval Education and Training Professional Development and Technology Center, Pensacola, FL, 1987.
Read in References ↗Navedtra B72-01-00
92, Naval Education and Training Professional Development and Technology Center, Pensacola, FL, 1992.
Read in References ↗Navedtra B72-03-00
93, Naval Education and Training Professional Development and Technology Center, Pensacola, FL, 1993.
Read in References ↗Navedtra B72-05-00
94, Naval Education and Training Professional Development and Technology Center, Pensacola, FL, 1994.
Read in References ↗Navedtra B72-07-00
92, Naval Education and Training Professional Development and Technology Center, Pensacola, FL, 1992.
Read in References ↗Navedtra B72-13-00
86, Naval Education and Training Professional Development and Technology Center, Pensacola, FL, 1986.
Read in References ↗Navedtra B72-16-00
95, before continuing with this chapter.
Read in Component Testing ↗Navedtra B72-21-00
87, Naval Education and Training Professional Development and Technology Center, Pensacola, FL, 1987.
Read in References ↗Navelex 0967-Lp
551-3010, Naval Electronics Systems Command, Washington, DC, 1976.
Read in References ↗Navmat P
9491, Naval Material Command, Washington, DC, 1979.
Read in References ↗Navsea
SYSCOM/NAVELEXSYSCOM systems and equipment.
Read in The Technician's Handbook ↗Navsea 08967-Lp-000
0130, Naval Sea Systems Command, Washington, D.
Read in References ↗Navsea 0902-Lp-006
0000, Naval Sea Systems Command, Washington, D.
Read in The Technician's Handbook ↗Navsea 0967-000
0100, Naval Sea Systems Command, Washington, D.
Read in References ↗Navsea 0967-Lp
000-0100, Section 3, Safety Equipment.
Read in Basic Measurements ↗Navsea 0967-Lp-000
0120, Electronics Circuits.
Read in Amplifiers ↗Navsea 0969
LP-286-1010, Naval Sea Systems Command, Washington, DC, 1977.
Read in References ↗Navsea 0969-Lp-279
9010, Naval Sea Systems Command, Washington, D.
Read in References ↗Navsea 0969-Lp-286
1010, Naval Sea Systems Command, Washington, D.
Read in References ↗Navsea 0981-052
8090; and Design Data Book, NAVSEA 0902-LP-006-0000, Section DDS- 304-1.
Read in The Technician's Handbook ↗Navsea S005-Aa-Gyd
030/TMMP, provides information on identifying, ordering, deficiency reporting, and updating technical manuals.
Read in The Technician's Handbook ↗Navsea Se000-00
EIM-160, Naval Sea Systems Command, Washington, D.
Read in Glossary ↗Navsea St-Aa-Idx-010
PEETE, Naval Sea Systems Command, Washington, DC, 1986.
Read in References ↗Navsea St000-Ab-Gyd
010/GPETE, to determine adequate stowage space and proper weight support requirements.
Read in Test Equipment Administration and Use ↗Navsea Te000-Aa-Hbk
010/020/030/2M, Naval Sea Systems Command, Keyport, Wash.
Read in Glossary ↗Navships 0967-000
0140, EIMB, Reference Data, section 3, lists the characteristics of most common transmission lines.
Read in Qualitative Measurements ↗Navships 0967-443
2230, Handling, Installation and Operation of Crossed-Field Amplifiers.
Read in Microwave Components and Circuits ↗Navships 0969-092
3010, Naval Ships Systems Command, Washington, D.
Read in References ↗Navships 0969-139
2010, Hewlett-Packard Co.
Read in References ↗Navspec
(See NA VIGA TION SPECIFICATION [ICAO].
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 8 ↗Navsup P
485, Afloat Supply Procedures.
Read in The Technician's Handbook ↗Navwbps Oo-Bot
BO APPLICATION OF AERODYNAMlCS TO SPECIFIC PROBLEMS OF FLYING LIFT DISTRIBUTION LBWFT OF SPAN TIP VORTEX PLANE OF SYMMETRY REDUCED CHANGE IN LIFT DISTRIBUTION - -- %SH \’ DOCASH TRIM CHANGE figure 6.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 8 ↗Navwek Od-Bot
BO BASIC AERODYNAMICS be appreciated.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 2 ↗Navwepj Oo-Rot
80 AIRPLANE PERFORMANCE to airplane factors.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 4 ↗Navweps 00
801~0 BASIC AERODYNAMICS net lift produced by the airfoil is difference between the lifts on the upper and lower sur- faces.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 1 ↗Navweps 00-30T
30 AIRPLANE PERFORMAPJCE immediate advantage in that it prevents fouling of the plumbing from the freezing of residual fluid at low temperatures.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 3 ↗Navweps 00-501
50 AMPLANE PERFORMANCE an increase in f to account for the additional changes in parasite drag which may vary with C‘.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 2 ↗Navweps 00-601
60 HIGH SPEED AERODYNAMICS in pressure without apparent changes in den- sity.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 4 ↗Navweps 00-6Ot
60 STABILITY AND CONTROL If the airplane is unrestrained and sideslip is allowed, the affect of the directional stability and dihedral effect can be appreciated.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 6 ↗Navweps 00-801
80 BASIC AERODYNAMICS TABLE l-l.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 1 ↗Navweps 00-802
80 STABILITY ,AND CONTROL aircraft from some trimmed angle of attack.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 5 ↗Navweps 00-807
80 BASIC AERODYNAMICS PITOT-STATIC SYSTEM w / :% .
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 1 ↗Navweps 00-80T
80 HIGH SPEED AERODYNAMICS FREE STREAM / VELOCITY VELOCITY COhlPONENT PARALLEL TO LEADING EDGE \ SWEEP ANGLE, 11 VELOCITY COMPONENT PERPENDICULAR TO LEADING EDGE DFf AG COEFFICIENT 0 I.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 5 ↗Navweps 00-8Dt
80 BASIC AERODYN,AMlCS LOCAT,ON DF THICKNESS MAX.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 1 ↗Navweps 00-8Ot
80 BASIC AERODYNAMICS EFFECT OF HIGH LIET DEVICES.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 1 ↗Navweps 00-8Oy
60 HIGH SPEED AERODYNAMICS MAXIMUM LOCALVELOCITY M=.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 5 ↗Navweps 00-Bot
BO BASIC AERODYNAMICS Chapter 1 BASIC AERODYNAMKS In order to understand the characteristics of his aircraft and develop precision flying tech- niques, the Naval Aviator must be familiar with the fundamentals of aerodynamics.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 1 ↗Navweps 00-Eot
80 AIRPLANE PERFORMANCE propellers is obtained by rotating the blade angle well below the low pitch stop and applying engine power.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 4 ↗Navweps 00-Rot
80 BASIC AERODYNAMICS H=P+q I 1500 I ci P 500 I 70K P=21 16 PSF P = 2014 PSF P = 2133 PSF q= 34 PSF 9 = 136 PSF q= I7 PSF H- 2150 PSF H = 2150 PSF H = 2150 PSF Figure 1.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 1 ↗Navweps 00-Sot
80 BASIC AERODYNAMICS the inherent compensation is inadequate and additional correction must be applied.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 1 ↗Navweps 00401
80 BASIC AERODYNAMICS the pressure forces created on an aerodynamic surface can be studied in a simple form which at first neglects the effect of friction and vis- cosity of the airflow.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 1 ↗Navweps 0040T
80 AIRPLANE PERFORMANCE AFTERBURNER COMPONENTS AFTt$lRNRNER HOLDERS PRE -COMPRESSOR WATER INJECTION WATER INJECTION NOZZLES CHAMBER NOZZLE INJECTION TURBINE-PROPELLER COMBINATION REDUCTION TURBINES CHAMBER NOZZLE Figure 2.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 3 ↗Navweps 004Ot
80 BASIC AERODYNAMICS (3) During the landing phase where an excessive angle of attack (or excessively low airspeed) would create high induced drag and a high power setting to control rate of descent.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 2 ↗Navweps 06801
80 AIRPLANE PERFORMANCE near the speed for (L/D&-.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 3 ↗Navweps Cid-8Ot
80 STABILITY AND CONTROL EFFECT OF DlilEDRAL EFFECTIVE INCREASE IN --SE IN LIFT DUE TO SIDESLIP EFFECT OF SWEEPBACK R~~;~~~p CONTRIBUTION OF VERTICAL TAIL SIDESLIP CONTRIBUTES ROLLING MOMENT Figure 4.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 6 ↗Navweps Cid-Rot
R0 APP,LlCATlON OF AERODYNAMICS TO SPECIFIC PROBLEMS OF FLYmING is upward through the rotor disc and there is a vertical velocity component equal to the rate of descent of the helicopter.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 8 ↗Navweps Cklbot
BO APPLICATION OF AERODYNAMICS TO SPECIFIC PROBLEMS OF FLYING thus, a constant dynamic pressure and equiva- lent airspeed.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 8 ↗Navweps Co-Bot
BO BASIC AERODYNAMICS AUTOMATIC SLOT BOUNDARYLAYERCONTROL BY UPPER SURFACE SUCTION BOUNDARY LAYER CONTROL BY FLAP AUGMENTATION 0 2.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 1 ↗Navweps Co-Sot
80 BASIC AE,RODYNAMlCS the turbulent area, a sharp “crackling” will be audible.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 2 ↗Navweps Dci-Rot
RD APPLICATION OF AERODYNAMICS TO SPECIFIC PROBLEMS OF FLYl,NG which increase with a decrease in speed.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 7 ↗Navweps Dd
BOl-80 APPLICATION OF AERODYNAMICS TO SPECIFIC PROBLEMS OF FLYING When the runway surface is dry, brush- finished concrete, the maximum value for the coefficient of friction for most aircraft tires is on the order of 0.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 8 ↗Navweps Dd-801
80 HIGH SPEED AERODYNAMICS -1.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 5 ↗Navweps Dd-807
80 STABILITY AND CONTROL of figure 4.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 5 ↗Navweps Dd-80T
80 STABILITY AND CONTROL TANDEM ROTOR LONGITUDINAL CONTROL TANDEM ROTOR DIRECTIONAL CONTROL AFT ROTOR *JR F”&%iD Fig&e 4.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 7 ↗Navweps Dd-8Ot
80 STABILITY AND CONTROL &ease the angle of attack, the aircraft would be trimmed at the higher angle of attack by a push force to keep the aircraft from con- tinuing in the displacement direction.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 5 ↗Navweps Dd-Bdt
80 STABILITY AND CONTROL The bicycle configuration of landing gear has stability characteristics more like the automobile.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 6 ↗Navweps Dd-Bot
BD BASK AERODYNAMICS (DATA FROM NACA REPORT ~0.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 1 ↗Navweps Dd-Eot
80 STABMTY AND CONTROL The first four items can be effected,only during design or by design changes.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 7 ↗Navweps Dd-Rdt
80 BASIC AERODYNAMICS boundary layer obtained may reduce the form drag due to separation.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 2 ↗Navweps Dd-Rot
80 BASIC AERODYNAMICS BOUND OR :INE VORTEX , OR TIP VORTEX DEFLECTED AIRSTREAM (UPW BOUND VORTEX ONLY VERTICAL VELOCITIES IN THE VICINITY OF THE WING COUPLED BOUND AND AVERAGE RELATIVE WIND TIP VORTICES V t REMOTE FREE STREAM AT WING A.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 2 ↗Navweps Dd4Ot
80 APPLICATION OF AERODYNAMICS TO SPECIFIC PROBLEMS OF FLYI’NG possibility of a refused takeoff before exceed- ing the refusal speed.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 8 ↗Navweps Dg-Rdt
RD HIGH SPEED AERODYNAMICS FE!
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 5 ↗Navweps Dgrot
50 STABBITY AND CONTROL spiral motion is so gradual that the pilot can control the tendency without difficulty.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 6 ↗Navweps Do-80T
80 STABILITY AND CONTROL Adequate pitch and lateral control effective- ness are easy to obtain in the typical helicopter and usually present no problems.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 7 ↗Navweps Do-Bot
BO APPLICATION OF AERODYNAMICS TO SPECIFIC PROBLEMS OF FLYING VARIATION OF INDUCED VELOCITY ALONG THE BLADE SPAN DURING HOVERING FLIGHT VARIATION OF INDUCED VELOCITY ALONG THE BLADE SPAN DURING VORTEX RING STATE VORTEX RING STATE Figure 6.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 8 ↗Navweps Do-Rot
80 APPLICATION OF AERODYNAMICS TO SPECIFIC PROBLEMS OF FLYING RC,,= 33,ooo pa;pr ( 1 where RC=rate of climb, ft: per min.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 7 ↗Navweps Go-Bot
BO STABILITY AND CONTROL n f WING.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 6 ↗Navweps O(L8Ot
80 AIRPLANE PERFORMANCE energy to drive the propeller in addition to the compressor and accessories.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 3 ↗Navweps Ocmot
60 HIGH SPEED AERODYNAMICS It is important to note that compressibility effects are not limited to flight speeds at and above the speed of sound.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 4 ↗Navweps Od
ROT-RO RASIC AERODYNAM!
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 2 ↗Navweps Od-3Ot
80 STABILITY AND CONTROL RELATIVELY HIGH ROLL INERTIA cc > -I RELATIVELY y$z> 0 A /7 MASS ROLL MOTION ROLL MOTION WSITIVE ANGLE OF ATTACK.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 7 ↗Navweps Od-801
80 BASIC AERODYNAMICS SURFACE TUFT PHOTOGRAHS FOR A SWEPT, TAPERED WlNG 60° DELTA, AR=2.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 2 ↗Navweps Od-807
80 HIGH SPEED AERODkNAMlCS will form on each surface of the wedge and the inclination of the shock wave will be a func- tion of the free stream Mach number and the wedge angle.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 4 ↗Navweps Od-80T
80 AIRPLANE PERFORMANCE w SIN ,-- COMPONENT OF WEIGHT ALONG FLIGHT PATH THRUST - - -- __---- AVAILABLE AVAILABLE AND JET ACFT THRUST REOUIRED LBS.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 3 ↗Navweps Od-8Ot
80 BASIC AERODYNAMICS (DATA FROM NACA REPORT NO.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 1 ↗Navweps Od-Bot
80 STABILITY AND CONTROL TYPICAL GUILD-UP 0F tzci~m~ENTs CM ,-WING+ FUSELAGE WING ONLY/.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 5 ↗Navweps Od-Eot
80 HIGH SPEED AERODYNAMICS Mach number ahead of the wave is 1.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 5 ↗Navweps Od-Rot
80 APPLICATION OF AERODYNAMICS TO ‘SPECIFIC PROBLEMS OF FLYl,NG As a result of this relationship, a IO percent increase in gross weight would require a 5 per- cent increase in glide speed to maintain (L/D),,.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 8 ↗Navweps Od-Sot
80 BASIC AERODYNAMICS EFFECT OF FLAPS LIFT COEFFICIENT 5 IO I5 20 25 ANGLE OtATTACK EFFECT OF WEIGHT ON STALL SPEED Figure 1.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 1 ↗Navweps Od4Ot
80 APPLICATION OF AERODYNAMICS TO SPECIFIC PROBLEMS OF FLYING angle of attack is changed rapidly, may lead to the impression thal rate of climb and descent can be controlled by changes in angle of attack.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 7 ↗Navweps Og-8Ot
80 APPLICATION OF AERODYNAMICS TO SPECIFIC PROBLEMS OF FLYING EFFECT OF VERTICAL GUST CHANGE IN ANGLE OF ATTACK OF WIND -1 VERTICAL VARll TRANSIENT CONDITION FROM WIND SHEAR STEADY LEVEL LIFT FLIGHT OR HORIZONTAL GUST 1 LIFT I Figure 6.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 8 ↗Navweps Oo
ROl-80 BASIC AERODYNAMICS the wing root boundary layer to be more easily separated in the presence of an adverse pressure gradient.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 2 ↗Navweps Oo-801
8O TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Navweps Oo-80T
80 OPERATING STRENGTH LIMITATIONS CHANGE IN LIFT AIRPLANE VELOCITY, V GUST VELOCITY RESULTANT VELOCITY KU figure 5.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 7 ↗Navweps Oo-Bot
80 BASIC AERODYNAMICS forward stagnation point the local velocity is zero and the maximum positive pressure re- sults.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 1 ↗Navweps Oo-Boy
BO STABIUTY AND CoMml damping in roll is generally referred to as “autorotation.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 6 ↗Navweps Oo-Eot
80 BASIC AERODYNAMICS FORWARD STAGNATION AFT STAGNATION POINT POINT AIRSTREAM AHEAD STAGNATION PRESSURE HAS AMBIENT STATIC IS AIRSTREAM TOTAL PRESSURE AND DYNAMIC PRESSURE PRESSURE P+q Ftgure 1.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 1 ↗Navweps Oo-Eot-80 Navweps Oo-Eot
80 HIGH SPEED AERODYNAMICS HIGH SPEED AERODYNAMICS SPANWISE LIFT O~STR~BUT~ON SPANWISE LIFT DISTRIBUTION WC TIP STALL TENDENCY TIP STALL TENDENCY OF UNMOOIFIEO WING OF UNMOOIFIEO WING ::G g:: - - - - - - - - 1.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 5 ↗Navweps Oo-Rot
80 BASIC AERODYNAMICS ICAO STANDARD ATMOSPHERE *GEOPOTENTIAL OF THE TROPOPAUSE Figure 1.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 1 ↗Navweps Oo-Sot
SO BASIC AERODYNAMICS An additional requirement of stability is that the airplane must stabilize and be trimmed for flight at positive lift.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 1 ↗Navweps Oo-Uot
80 STABILITY AND CONTROL trolled in a sideslip to accomplish crosswind takeoff and landing.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 6 ↗Navweps W-Rot
80 APPLICATION OF AERODYNAMICS TO SPECIFIC PROBLEMS OF FLYING speed will not cause any significant reduction of glide ratio.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 8 ↗Navweps Wot
BO BASIC AERODYNAMICS angle of attack indicator allows precision con- trol of the airspeed.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 1 ↗Navwrps Dd-807
80 STABILITY AND CONTROL destabilizing and the greatest contribution will occur at high power and low dynamic pressure as during a waveoff.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 6 ↗Navwws 00-8Ot
80 BASIC AERODYNAMICS .
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 1 ↗Navy
ONLY NETWORKS Some networks are used by the Navy only.
Read in Introduction to Radio-Frequency Communications ↗Naweps 00-801
8~ TABLE OF CONTENTS RANGE PERFORMANCE.
Read in Chapter 2 ↗Naweps 00-80T
80 HIGH SPEED AERODYNAMICS will be located approximately at the SO per- cent chord position.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 5 ↗Naweps 00-8Ot
80 AIRPLANE PERFORMANCE from five to ten (or greater) with efficiencies which cannot be approached with a multi- stage centrifugal compressor.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 3 ↗Naweps Dd-Bdt
BD BASIC AERODYNAMICS INCREASEOVELOC DECREASE0 HEIG PE + KE = CONSTANT Ftaure 1.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 1 ↗Naweps Dd-Edt
89 STABILITY AND CQNROL the wing flow field where higher relative downwash exists.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 7 ↗Naweps Od-Rot
RO HIGH SPEEO AERODYNAMICS general effect and contributes less damping to longitudinal pitching oscillations.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 5 ↗Naweps Oo-Bot
BO BASIC AERODYNAMICS takeoff distance may occur.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 2 ↗Nawweps 00-8Ot
80 BASIC AERODYNAMICS loo.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 1 ↗Nawweps Do-Bot
BO STABILITY AND CONTROL attack is capable of producing pro-spin mo- ments of considerable magnitude which con- tribute to the self-sustaining nature of the spin.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 6 ↗Nawweps Od-Eot
SO BASIC AERODYfflAMICS FRICTION DRAG OF A SMOOTH FLAT PLATE c ,020 - E D ,010 - iii .
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 2 ↗Ndb
DME NAVAID Used To Define Class B Airspace ILS Components ILS-DME TAC - Shown when used in description of Class B airspace.
Read in Complete Aeronautical Chart Users' Guide — Part 2 ↗Ndfd T
Storm (Chance —red hatching) : There is a 25 to less than 55 percent probability of thunderstorms at the valid time.
Read in Chapter 27 — Forecasts — Part 6 ↗Ne-11
15 advises that grade 100VLL AVGAS is acceptable for use on aircraft and engines.
Read in Aircraft Systems — Part 4 ↗Nea
ZE 2 OPERATION OPERATI NORMAL NORMAL NIGHT BA.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 7 ↗Near
FIELD POWER DISTRIBUTION is defined as the emitted power per unit area (radiance) for each position in the plane of the emitting surface.
Read in Fiber Optic Measurement Techniques ↗Near Synchronous Orbit
An orbit in which the satellite rotates close to but not exactly at the same speed as the earth.
Read in Glossary ↗Neets Module 10
Wave Propagation, Transmission Lines, and Antennas UNCLASSIFIED 4-1 UNCLASSIFIED 4 ANTENNAS LEARNING OBJECTIVES After you finish this chapter, you should be able to do the following: 1.
Read in Antennas ↗Neets Module 18
Radar Principles UNCLASSIFIED A-1 UNCLASSIFIED APPENDIX A GLOSSARY A-SCOPE—A radar display on which slant range is shown as the distance along a horizontal trace.
Read in Glossary ↗Neets Module 22
Digital Computing UNCLASSIFIED 4-1 UNCLASSIFIED 4 DATA REPRESENTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS LEARNING OBJECTIVES After you finish this chapter, you should be able to do the following: 1.
Read in Data Representation and Communications ↗Neets Module 6
Electronic Emission, Tubes, and Power Supplies UNCLASSIFIED A-1 UNCLASSIFIED APPENDIX A Glossary ACCELERATING ANODE - An electrode charged several thousand volts positive and used to accelerate electrons toward the front of a cathode-ray tube.
Read in Glossary ↗Negation
The process of inverting the value of a function or variable [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Negative
RESISTANCE ELEMENT [11].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Negative Alternation
The negative half of an ac waveform NO-LOAD CONDITION—The condition that exis ts when an electrical source or secondary of a transformer is operated without an electrical load.
Read in Glossary ↗Negative Clamper
The upper extremity of the output waveshape is clamped to a dc potential of 0 volts.
Read in Glossary ↗Negative Electrode
A terminal or electrode having more electrons than normal.
Read in Glossary ↗Negative Feedback
Feedback in which the feedback signal is out of phase with the input signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Negative Half
CYCLE Since practical values of C1 and RL ensure a more or less gradual decrease of the discharge voltage, a substantial charge remains on the capacitor at the time of the next half cycle of operation.
Read in Solid-State Power Supplies ↗Negative Logic
The form of logic in which the more positive voltage level represents a logic 0, FALSE, or LOW and the more negative voltage represents a logic 1, TRUE, or HIGH [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Negative Temperature Coefficient
The temperature coefficient expressing the amount or reduction in the value of a quantity, such as resistance for each degree of increase in temperature.
Read in Glossary ↗Negative-Resistance Element
A component having an operating region in which an increase in the applied voltage increases the resistance and produces a proportional decrease in current.
Read in Glossary ↗Network
Computers and terminals linked together through a communications system to allow users at different locations to share data files, devices, and programs.
Read in Glossary ↗Neutral
The teletypewriter operation where current flow represents a mark and no flow represents a space.
Read in Glossary ↗Neutralization
The process of counteracting or "neutralizing" the effects of interelectrode capacitance.
Read in Glossary ↗Newton'S Second Law Of Motion
If an unbalanced outside force acts on a body, the resulting acceleration is directly proportional to the magnitude of the force, is in the direction of the force, and is inversely proportional to the mass of the body [15].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Ngk D9Ea
automotive Jabiru 3300cc Aircraft Engine horsepower (82) at 2,950 rpm continuous.
Read in Direct-Drive and Conventional Light-Sport Engines ↗Night
The time between the end of evening civil twilight and the beginning of morning civil twilight, as published in the American Air Almanac.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Nm)
Centerline to Boundary Figure 2-56.
Read in Chapter 2 — En Route Operations — Part 5 ↗Nnew)
seventy percent of NAS delays are attributed to weather every year.
Read in Chapter 5 — Improvement Plans — Part 1 ↗No Color
— 20 — Use the example colors shown in figure 1-31.
Read in Matter, Energy, and Electricity ↗No Xylene
permanent type SCA-UF.
Read in Chapter 5 — Part 2 ↗No-Load Condition
The condition that exists when an electrical source or secondary of a transformer is operated without an electrical load [2].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Node
The fixed minimum points of voltage or current on a standing wave or antenna [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Noise
In radar, erratic or random deflection or intensity of the indicator sweep that tends to mask small echo signals.
Read in Glossary ↗Noise Figure
The ratio of output noise to input noise in a receiver [18].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Noise Limiter
Circuit that clips the peaks of the noise spikes in a receiver [17].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Noise Pulse
(1) A short-duration false signal occurring during the reproduction of a tape.
Read in Glossary ↗Noise Silencer
See NOISE LIMITER [17].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Noise Suppressor
See NOISE LIMITER [17].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Nominal Bit Time
(1) The average bit time of recording at continuous maximum-flux reversals.
Read in Glossary ↗Non
USEABLE Action or Purpose Type of Marking Taxiway Edge: Dashed Double Yellow Lines Defines taxiway edge where adjoining pavement IS USABLE, such as along an apron or ramp.
Read in Appendices — Part 5 ↗Non-Return-To
ZERO (NRZ) ENCODING The NRZ encoding method is, by far, the most widely used.
Read in Digital Magnetic Tape Recording ↗Non-Return-To-Zero (Nrz) Recording
(See digital recording.
Read in Glossary ↗Non-Return-To-Zero (Nrz0)
The flux reversal for a "0"; no flux reversal for a "1.
Read in Glossary ↗Non-Return-To-Zero Inverted (Nrzi)
The flux reversal for a "1"; no flux reversal for a "0.
Read in Glossary ↗Nondegenerative Parametric Amplifier
A parametric amplifier that uses a pump signal frequency that is higher than twice the frequency of the input signal [11].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Nondegenerative-Parametric Amplifier
A parametric amplifier that uses a pump signal frequency that is higher than twice the frequency of the input signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Nondirectional
See OMNIDIRECTIONAL [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Nonlinear
Having an output that does not rise of fall directly with the input.
Read in Glossary ↗Nonlinear Device
A device in which the output does not rise and fall directly with the input.
Read in Glossary ↗Nonlinear Impedance
An impedance in which the resulting current through the device is not proportional to the applied voltage.
Read in Glossary ↗Nonluminous Bodies
Objects that either reflect or diffuse light that falls upon them [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Nonresonant Line
A transmission fine that has no standing waves of current or voltage [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Nonsynchronous
The teletypewriter operation where both transmitter and receiver do not operate continuously ORDER-WIRE CIRCUIT—A circuit between operators used for operations control and coordination.
Read in Glossary ↗Nontowered Airports
An airport without an operating control tower.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Nontrip
FREE circuit breaker would be used for emergency or essential equipment circuits.
Read in Circuit Protection Devices ↗Nontrip-Free Circuit Breaker
A circuit breaker that can be held ON during an overcurrent condition.
Read in Glossary ↗Nor
A logic function of A and B that is true if both A and B are false [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Nor (X
NOR) gate is nothing more than an X-OR gate with an inverted output.
Read in Integrated Circuits and Microprocessors ↗Nor Gate
An OR gate that is followed by an inverter to form a binary circuit in which the output is a logic 0 if ANY of the inputs is a logic 1 and the output is a logic 1 only if ALL the inputs are a logic 0 [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Normal
The imaginary line perpendicular to the point at which the incident wave strikes the reflecting surface.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Normal Procedures
Includes checklists followed by amplified procedures for conducting normal operations.
Read in Chapter 19 — Rotorcraft Flight Manual — Gyroplane ↗Normal Tests
The tester is equipped with a three-conductor power cord, one wire of which is chassis ground.
Read in Component Testing ↗Normally Aspirated Engine
An engine that does not compen- sate for decreases in atmospheric pres- sure through turbocharging or other means.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Not
AND gate and indicates an AND function with an inverted output.
Read in Integrated Circuits and Microprocessors ↗Not Authorized Next Data Au
THORITY and ERROR will close the uplink message.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 4 ↗Not Circuit
A binary circuit with a single output that is always the opposite of the input.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Not Turn Crankshaft
ENGINE PRESERVED PRESERV ATION DATE ____________.
Read in Engine Adjustment and Post-Installation Checks ↗Notam (Notice To Airmen)
A notice con- taining information concerning facilities, services, or procedures, the timely knowledge of which is essential to personnel concerned with flight opera- tions.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Notam)
information pertinent to the route of flight that has not been published in the NOTAM publication.
Read in Aviation Weather Services — Part 1 ↗Npa)
an instrument approach based on a navigation system that provides course deviation information but no glidepath deviation information.
Read in Chapter 4 — Approaches — Part 5 ↗Npn
An NPN transistor is formed by introducing a thin region of P-type material between two regions of N-type material.
Read in Glossary ↗Npu 56
039 used with Navy stiffeners MS27763 used on many MS27763 is the most common cone used Figure 3-103.
Read in Chapter 8 — Part 7 ↗Nrst
NEAREST AIRPORTS Figure 11-15.
Read in Chapter 11 — Emergency Operations — Part 2 ↗Nrz
L) Encoding In NRZ-L encoding, the polarity of the saturating signal changes only when the incoming signal changes from a one to a zero or from a zero to a one.
Read in Digital Magnetic Tape Recording ↗Ntap)
Published by System Operations Services, System Operations and Safety, Publications, every 28 days) • Chart Supplement U.
Read in Introduction to Flying — Part 3 ↗Ntsb
National Transportation Safety Board.
Read in Chapter 14 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Part 1 ↗Null
On a polar-coordinate graph, the area that represents minimum or 0 radiation [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Number
A standard scale ranging from 0-9 that indicates the height of waves.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Number Representation
The representation of numbers by agreed sets of symbols according to agreed rules [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Number System
Loosely, a number representation system.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Numeral
(1) A discrete representation of a number.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Nun Buoys
Conical buoys marking the left side of a channel for an inbound vessel.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Nutating
Moving an antenna feed point in a conical pattern so that the polarization of the beam does not change.
Read in Glossary ↗Nvs)
there are currently seventeen different voice switching systems in the NAS; some in use for more than twenty years.
Read in Chapter 5 — Improvement Plans — Part 1 ↗Nws
derived source for a current soaring forecast.
Read in Chapter 11 — Cross-Country Soaring — Part 1 ↗Nws Wfo
provided forecast, based on the needs of their soaring community.
Read in Chapter 27 — Forecasts — Part 8 ↗O-20 Mil-L
6085 See Table 1-39 AN-O-6a MIL-L-7870 See Table 1-39 KS 7470 MIL-L-17672 See Table 1-39 MIL-S-16067 P-D-680 See Table 1-39 VV-0-401 VV-I-530 See Table 1-39 P-S-661 P-D-680 See Table 1-39 MIL-G-3545 MIL-G-81322 See Table 1-39 MIL-G-3278 MIL-G-23827 See Table 1-39 Table 1-41.
Read in The Technician's Handbook ↗O-320
E1C or O-320-E1F Fuel 80/87 minimum grade aviation gasoline Engine limits For all operations, 2700 r.
Read in Routine, Required, and Special Inspections ↗Obs
before you make a decision.
Read in Chapter 9 — Navigation Systems — Part 2 ↗Occ
ECC, you indicate that you have met the objectives and have learned the information.
Read in Microelectronics ↗Octal Number System
A number system based on powers of eight.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Od-Bot
80 APPLICATION OF AERODYNAMICS TO SPECIFIC PROBLEMS OF FLYING the low pitch limit, the rotor RPM can be in- creased only by a sacrifice in altitude or air- speed.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 8 ↗Oem
approved parts for this.
Read in Chapter 5 — Part 1 ↗Oersted
A unit of magnetic field strength.
Read in Glossary ↗Of Ballo Nets
~----'·---;~-- '· I I • t ; l l .
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 3 ↗Of K
51 GAC SK-5-7567 TYPE OF EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURER & PART DESIGNATION NO AMPERES TOTAL AMPERE .
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 7 ↗Ofcc
type cable is recommended for use in low-density (less than 24 fibers) Navy applications.
Read in Optical Fibers and Cables ↗Off
OPTIMUM RANGE AND ENDURANCE.
Read in Chapter 2 ↗Off-Line Test Equipment
Tests andisolates faults in modules or assemblies removed from systems.
Read in Glossary ↗Off50
400 Hz, SINGLE PHASE, 120 - 220VAC, 25 WATTS 120 VAC-0.
Read in Transponders and Surveillance ↗Oge) Hover
Hovering greater than one diameter distance above the surface.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Oh
) are introduced into the fiber.
Read in Fiber Optic Concepts ↗Ohm
The unit of electrical resistance.
Read in Glossary ↗Ohm'S Law
The current in an electrical circuit is directly proportional to the electromotive force in the circuit.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Ohm'S Law Formulas For Ac
The formulas derived for Ohm's law used in ac are: E = IZ and I = E/Z.
Read in Inductive and Capacitive Reactance ↗Ohm'S Law In Ac Circuit
All dc rules and laws apply to an ac circuit that contains only resistance.
Read in Concepts of Alternating Current ↗Ohmic Value
Resistance in ohms [1].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Ohmmeter
A meter used to measure resistance.
Read in Glossary ↗Ohms C
B and OHMS C-E, respectively.
Read in Common Test Equipment ↗Ohms E
B position and read the resistance between the emitter and base electrode on the center scale of the meter marked OHMS.
Read in Common Test Equipment ↗Ohms Per Square
The resistance of any square area of thin film resistive material as measured between two parallel sides.
Read in Glossary ↗Ohv)
push rod operated, • Ram air-cooled, • Wet sump lubrication - 4 liter capacity, • Direct propeller drive, • Dual transistorized magneto ignition, • Integrated AC generator, • Electric starter, • Mechanical fuel pump, and • Naturally aspirated - 1 pressure compensation carburetor.
Read in Jabiru Light-Sport Engines ↗Oil Pump
~ ~ ;4 ,' ' ~ OIL STRAINER " 10 MESH- .
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 7 ↗Oilcan Tube
A type of planar tube, similar to the lighthouse tube, which has cooling fins.
Read in Glossary ↗Ok (405) 555
4149 Red/White McAlester For this trip, the GS is 106 knots and the total time is 35 minutes (30 minutes plus 5 minutes for climb) with a fuel burn of 4.
Read in Navigation — Part 3 ↗Ok 73119
9999 09/13/1962 Senior Parachute Rigger 06/02/2005 Floyd E.
Read in Chapter 7 — Part 2 ↗Ok 73125
0082 (405) 954-4151 phone afs630comments@faa.
Read in Chapter 10 — Part 2 ↗Ok 73126
5063 (405) 954-4821 FOIA Desk (Third Party Request, Duplicate Medical Certificate) Federal Aviation Administration Aeromedical Certification Branch, AAM-331 Attention: FOIA Desk P.
Read in Chapter 10 — Part 1 ↗Ok- 17
2021 12-12-19 elativaSensibilidad r Longitud de onda (nm) Sensibilidad adaptada Luz Oscuridad Figura 1: Iluminación láser en un simulador de vuelo, visto de la perspectiva de los pilotos a una milla de distancia sobre el nivel del suelo.
Read in Laser Hazards in Navigable Airspace — Spanish ↗Ok-06
148 Written by: Van B.
Read in Information for Pilots Considering Laser Eye Surgery ↗Ok-10
3278 GASES DEL HUMO Los niveles de dióxido ZNPOØYJEPde carbono aumentan y las concentraciones de oxígeno disminuyen.
Read in Smoke — Spanish ↗Ok-12-1676
JAH If you have a hand-held device —i-Phone, Smartphone, BlackBerry, etc.
Read in FAA MedXPress Program for Pilots ↗Ok-16
2037 Asleep at the controls On a daytime flight in 2008, a commercial aircraft with three crewmembers and 40 passengers flew past its destination airport after both the captain and first officer fell asleep.
Read in Obstructive Sleep Apnea — English ↗Ok-17
2022 (10) Does this story sound familiar?
Read in Medications and Flying ↗Ok-19
1858 6/18/2020 Provided by Aerospace Medical Education Division, AAM-400 To see our YouTube video on Fatigue and Flying in Alaska, go to https://www.
Read in Alaska Accidents and Fatigue ↗Ok-20-0925 04-29
2020 LIFESTYLE RECOMMENDATIONS Don’t… • Consume alcohol or caffeine 3-4 hours before going to bed.
Read in Fatigue in Aviation ↗Ok-24
1154 9/18/2024 If the pilot does not back off the control pressure, loss of consciousness will ensue in short order because the blood does not flow through the brain.
Read in Acceleration in Aviation: G-Force ↗Ok-24-0259 (2
24) Alcoholic beverages, used by many to “unwind” or relax, act as a social “icebreaker,” a way to alter one’s mood by decreasing inhibitions.
Read in Alcohol and Flying: A Deadly Combination ↗Ok-25-0270 (1-17
25) Glare Halo Starburst Untreated cataracts were a factor in a fatal accident in 2013.
Read in Pilot Vision ↗Omnidirectional Antenna
An antenna that radiates equally in all directions (nondirectional).
Read in Glossary ↗On /Vj
1 Moe>EL TEsr 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 ----'"1 ~ D} !
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 2 ↗On K
13 FLIGHT TEsr VALUEs .
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 2 ↗On-Line Test Equipment
Continuously monitors the performance of electronic systems.
Read in Glossary ↗One
MINUTE WEATHER− The most recent one minute updated weather broadcast received by a pilot from an uncontrolled airport ASOS/AWOS.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 8 ↗One-To-One Vibration
A low frequency vibration having one beat per revolution of the rotor.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Online Processing
Processing from terminals under the direct control of a computer.
Read in Glossary ↗Oo-Bot
80 BASIC AERODYNAMICS percent water vapor, argon, carbon dioxide, etc.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 1 ↗Oo-Eot
80 AIRPLANE PERFORMANCE 50,ooc 45,ooc 40,ooc 35,ooc 30.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 3 ↗Oo-Rot
80 STABILITY AND CONTROL (2) Yawing moment due to sideslip or static directional stability.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 6 ↗Opaque
Those substances that do not transmit (pass) any light rays; that is, the light rays are either absorbed or reflected [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Open
LOOP CAPSTAN DRIVE This is probably the simplest tape transport configuration.
Read in Magnetic Tape Recorder Transports ↗Open Circuit
(1) The condition of an electrical circuit caused by the breaking of continuity of one or more conductors of the circuit; usually an undesired condition.
Read in Glossary ↗Open-Ended Line
A transmission fine that has a terminating impedance that is infinitely large [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Operating Amateur
BUILT AIRCRAFT N/A N/A N/A N/A 48SB STUART R.
Read in Chapter 3 — Part 1 ↗Operating Limitations
Limitations pub- lished by aircraft manufacturers to define limita- tions on maneuvers, flight load factors, speeds and other limits.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Operating System
Software that controls the execution of programs.
Read in Glossary ↗Operational Amplifier (Op Amp)
An amplifier designed to perform computing or transfer operations and which has the following characteristics: (1) very high gain, (2) very high input impedance, and (3) very low out put impedance.
Read in Glossary ↗Optical Coupler
A coupler composed of an LED and a photodiode and contained in a light-conducting medium.
Read in Glossary ↗Optical Time
DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY is recommended for conducting field measurements on installed optical fibers or cable plants of 50 meters or more in length.
Read in Fiber Optic Measurement Techniques ↗Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer (Otdr)
A piece of test equipment used to test a fiber-optic cable for such things as attenuation, localized losses, and defects.
Read in Glossary ↗Optimum Working Frequency
The most practical operating frequency that can be used with the least amount of problems and is roughly 85 percent of the maximum usable frequency [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Optoelectronic Devices
Devices that either produce or use light in their operation.
Read in Glossary ↗Or Corroded Connection
Any connection that is not in good condition is a trouble spot.
Read in Solid-State Power Supplies ↗Or Corroded Connections
Any connection that is not in good condition is a trouble spot If it is not causing problems now, it probably will in the future.
Read in Power Supplies ↗Or Gate
A gate that performs the logic OR function.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Or Noise Limiter
Circuits that clip the peaks of the noise spikes in a receiver.
Read in Glossary ↗Orange
PEEL REFLECTOR because of its orange-peel shape, is shown in figure 3-6.
Read in Microwave Antennas ↗Orange-Peel Paraboloid
A section of a complete circular paraboloid that is narrow in the horizontal plane and wide in the vertical plane.
Read in Glossary ↗Order
WIRE CIRCUIT is a circuit between operators used for operations control and coordination.
Read in Introduction to Communications Theory ↗Order-Wire Circuit
A circuit between operators used for operations control and coordination [17].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Organizational
LEVEL MAINTENANCE (SM&R Code O)—Responsibility of the user organization.
Read in Glossary ↗Origin
The point on a graph where the vertical and horizontal axes cross each other [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Oscillator
An oscillator is a nonrotating device which produces alternating current.
Read in Glossary ↗Osha
established permissible noise exposure limits for the workplace (including the cockpit of an aircraft): Noise Exposure Level Limits Noise Intensity (dB) Exposure Limit (hrs.
Read in Hearing and Noise in Aviation ↗Out-Of
CIRCUIT METERS In troubleshooting, it is usually necessary to use a meter that can be connected to the electrical or electronic equipment at various testing points and may be moved from one piece of equipment to another.
Read in Circuit Measurement ↗Out-Of-Circuit Meter
A meter which is not permanently installed in a circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Output
The results of computer processing.
Read in Glossary ↗Output End
The end of a transmission line that is opposite the source; receiving end [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Output Impedance
The impedance that is presented to the load by the transmission line and its source [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Ov Abc 045020
DEF, /OV ABC-DEF-GHI 4 digits in UTC: /TM 0915.
Read in Aviation Weather Services — Part 2 ↗Ov Kstl090030
KMKC045015 From 90° at 30 NM from St.
Read in Chapter 24 — Observations — Part 4 ↗Over
COUPLING In view (A) the transformer is loosely coupled; the frequency response curve shows a narrow bandwidth.
Read in Video and RF Amplifiers ↗Overdriven
When the input signal amplitude is increased to the point that the transistor goes into saturation and cutoff.
Read in Glossary ↗Overmodulation
A condition that exists when the peaks of the modulating signal are limited.
Read in Glossary ↗Overshooting
The act of over flying an in- tended spot for landing or flying through a course intended for intercept.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Oxidation
The addition of atmospheric oxygen to metal to form rust, or to cause a breakdown in the internal construction of the metal.
Read in Glossary ↗Oxide Build-Up
The accumulation of oxide or wear products as deposits on the surface of heads and guides.
Read in Glossary ↗Oxide Loading
(1) A measure of the density with which oxide is packed into a coating.
Read in Glossary ↗Oxide Shed
The loosening of particles of oxide from the tape coating during use.
Read in Glossary ↗P A-28
140 provides pitch control.
Read in Flight Controls and High-Speed Aerodynamics ↗P Faa
certificated mechanic or repairman responsible for the work must provide the pilot with current and accurate aircraft weight information and location of the EWCG.
Read in Chapter 3 — Weighing the Aircraft and Determining the Empty Weight Center of Gravity — Part 1 ↗P) Faa
certificated mechanic or repairman who is responsible for making any repair or alteration must: 1.
Read in Chapter 3 — Weighing the Aircraft and Determining the Empty Weight Center of Gravity — Part 1 ↗P-C
451 is available in 1 1⁄2" and 2" widths.
Read in Aircraft Cleaning and Cleaning Materials ↗P-D
680) may be used for removing oil, grease, or soft preservative compounds.
Read in Corrosion Inspection, Prevention, and Removal ↗P-Factor
A tendency for an aircraft to yaw to the left due to the descending propeller blade on the right producing more thrust than the ascending blade on the left.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗P/N 21
1052, Huntron Instruments, Inc.
Read in References ↗P/N 7510-00-286
5362 Available in 1 pint container Orange-Yellow P/N 7510-00-634-6583 Available in 1 pint container Hitt Marking Devices, Inc.
Read in Chapter 5 — Part 6 ↗P/N 78359
0 Spinner Assembly and P/N 96836-2 Cap Assembly (See NOTE 4) Governor Assembly: 1 Hartzell hydraulic governor, Model F-6-18AL (Right); 1 Hartzell hydraulic governor, Model F-6-18A (Left).
Read in Weighing Equipment and Aircraft Preparation ↗P/N A
2295(P) NOTE: Spinner may be painted or polished.
Read in Chapter 2 — Weight and Balance Theory — Part 2 ↗P/N A-2295
1(P) NOTE: Spinner may be painted or polished.
Read in Chapter 2 — Weight and Balance Theory — Part 2 ↗P/N Bhc-J2Yf
1BF/F7694 TCDS P37EA Maximum Diameter: 76 inches Minimum Diameter: 73 inches Number of Blades: 2 Low Pitch: 14.
Read in Chapter 2 — Weight and Balance Theory — Part 2 ↗P/N D3A34C443/78Cya
0 TCDS P47GL McCauley Maximum Diameter: 78 inches Minimum Diameter: 76 inches Number of Blades: 3 -5- A00009CH Minimum Crew One (1) Pilot Number of Seats 4 (2 at 143.
Read in Chapter 2 — Weight and Balance Theory — Part 3 ↗P/N Phc-J3Yf
1RF/F7694 or F7694B TCDS P36EA Hartzell Maximum Diameter: 78 inches Minimum Diameter: 76 inches Number of Blades: 3 Low Pitch: 14.
Read in Chapter 2 — Weight and Balance Theory — Part 3 ↗P/N Phc-J3Yf-1Mf/F7392
1 TCDS P36EA Maximum Diameter: 74 inches Minimum Diameter: 72 inches Number of Blades: 3 Low Pitch: 14.
Read in Chapter 2 — Weight and Balance Theory — Part 2 ↗P/N Phc-J3Yf-1Rf/F7392
1 TCDS P36EA Maximum Diameter: 74 inches Minimum Diameter: 72 inches Number of Blades: 3 Low Pitch: 13.
Read in Chapter 2 — Weight and Balance Theory — Part 2 ↗P4
---- --- ------- - 1.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 3 ↗Pa)
an instrument approach based on a navigation system that provides course and glidepath deviation information meeting precision standards of ICAO Annex 10.
Read in Chapter 4 — Approaches — Part 5 ↗Pa-22-135 N2631A S/N 22
903 Engine: Lycoming 0-290-D2 S/N 4563-21 Propeller: Sensenich M 76AM2 S/N 6662 Ad & Amend nUm.
Read in Chapter 8 — Part 2 ↗Pa-28
140 shown in entire horizontal surface, or stabilator, to move, with the trailing edge deflecting upward.
Read in Flight Controls and High-Speed Aerodynamics ↗Pa-34
200T (Des Moines, Iowa) The pilot of this flight, which took place on January 9, 1996, said that upon crossing the runway threshold and lowering the flaps 25°, “the airplane pitched down.
Read in Chapter 4 — Aerodynamic Factors — Part 3 ↗Pa-34-220T Poh Vb
1638 12/6/96 3449001 and up (Seneca V) POH VB-1649 1/23/97 3449001 and up when Piper Kit 766-632 (or equivalent 88247-{ }) is installed POH VB-1930 10/25/05 3449311 and 3449323 and up when Avidyne Entegra System is installed.
Read in Weighing Equipment and Aircraft Preparation ↗Pa-N
EL __ -_u_L_T_R_A __ V_IO_L_E_T--------~N-AF---l-1 _9 _2 _-1 _________________ ±=3 __ ~0-·_2 __ A __ 0_2_4 __ V_.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 7 ↗Packaged Software
Programs already written (and tested) to solve specific types of problems; usually designed by a central design agency (CDA) or purchased from a software firm or computer manufacturer.
Read in Glossary ↗Packaging Levels
System developed to assist maintenance personnel in isolating faults.
Read in Glossary ↗Packed Decimal
In ASCII and EBCDIC, the representation of two digits stored in one eight-bit byte.
Read in Glossary ↗Packing Density
The amount of digital information recorded along the length of a tape, measured in bits per inch.
Read in Glossary ↗Page Printer
A high-speed printer that prints teletypewriter characters one at a time in a full-page format.
Read in Glossary ↗Pan
PAN− The international radio-telephony urgency signal.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 8 ↗Parabolic Reflector
An antenna reflector in the shape of a parabola.
Read in Glossary ↗Parallax Error
The error in meter readings that results when you look at a meter from some position other than directly in line with the pointer and meter face.
Read in Glossary ↗Parallel
LINE, TWISTED PAIR, SHIELDED PAIR, COAXIAL LINE, and WAVEGUIDES.
Read in Principles of Transmission Lines ↗Parallel Circuit
Two or more electrical devices connected to the same pair of terminals so separate currents flow through each; electrons have more than one path to travel from the negative to the positive terminal.
Read in Glossary ↗Parallel Limiter
A resistor and diode connected in series with the input signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Parallel Runw Ays
Two or more runways at the same airport whose centerlines are parallel.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Parallel Transmission
A method of data transmission in which all bits of a particular character are transmitted simultaneously.
Read in Glossary ↗Parallel-Connected Duplexer
Configuration in which the tr spark gap is connected across the two legs of the transmission line one-quarter wavelength from the T junction.
Read in Glossary ↗Parallel-Negative Limiter
A resistor and diode connected in series with the input signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Parallel-Positive Limiter
A resistor and diode connected in series with the input signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Parallel-Resonant Circuit
A resonant circuit in which the source voltage is connected across a parallel circuit (formed by a capacitor and an inductor) to furnish a high impedance to the frequency at which the circuit is resonant.
Read in Glossary ↗Parallel-Wire
A type of transmission line consisting of two parallel wires [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Parasite Drag
The part of total drag created by the form or shape of helicopter parts.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Parasitic
In electronics, an undesirable frequency in an electronic circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Parasitic Array
An antenna array containing one or more elements not connected to the transmission line.
Read in Glossary ↗Parasitic Element
The passive element of an antenna array that is connected to neither the transmission line nor the driven element [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Parity Bit
A check bit; an extra bit added to a group of bits for use in detecting errors during data transfer.
Read in Glossary ↗Parity Check
An internal error checking method in which the binary digits in a character or word are added and the sum is checked against a single previously computed parity digit.
Read in Glossary ↗Part
A part is one component or two or more components joined together.
Read in Glossary ↗Part 1
Federal Aviation Regulation from 14 CFR, pertaining to definitions and abbreviations of terms.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Part 61
Federal Aviation Regulation from 14 CFR, pertaining to the issuance of pilot and in- structor certificates and ratings.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Part 67
Federal Aviation Regulation from 14 CFR, pertaining to medical standards and certifi- cation for pilots.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Part 91
Federal Aviation Regulation from 14 CFR, pertaining to general operating and flight rules.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Part Lean
, 2~00 2000 ' -- -·1 800 I .
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 6 ↗Part Time Or On
REQUEST VHF/UHF LF/MF AUTOMATED WEATHER BROADCAST SERVICES ASOS/AWOS - Automated Surface Observing Station/Automated Weather Observing Station VHF/UHF LF/MF Automated weather, when available, is broadcast on the associ- ated NAVAID frequency.
Read in Complete Aeronautical Chart Users' Guide — Part 4 ↗Particle Orientation
The rotation of needle-like particles so that their longest dimensions tend to lie parallel to one another.
Read in Glossary ↗Particle Shape
The needle-like particles of gamma-ferric oxide used in conventional magnetic tape, with a dimensional ratio of about 6 to 1.
Read in Glossary ↗Particle Size
The physical dimensions of magnetic particles used in a magnetic tape.
Read in Glossary ↗Passengers
All persons who board a helicopter while its rotors are turning should be instructed in the safest means of doing so.
Read in Chapter 9 — Basic Flight Maneuvers — Part 1 ↗Passive Satellite
A satellite that reflects radio signals back to earth.
Read in Glossary ↗Password
A protected word or string of characters that identifies or authenticates a user for access to a specific resource, such as a file or record.
Read in Glossary ↗Patch Panel
A panel used to tie a receiver or transmitter to its associated equipment.
Read in Glossary ↗Pattern Altitude
The common altitude used for aircraft maneuvering in the traffic pattern.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Pawg
PAKT LN W OCNL CIGS BLW 010/VIS BLW 3SM BR.
Read in Chapter 26 — Advisories — Part 3 ↗Payload
The term used for pas- sengers, baggage, and cargo.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Pbn/D1
D4 depending on the naviga tion update source.
Read in Chapter 1 — Departure Procedures — Part 5 ↗Pca
2 autogyro was granted Type Certificate No.
Read in Chapter 14 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Part 2 ↗Peak
to-PEAK values, EFFECTIVE values, AVERAGE values, or INSTANTANEOUS values.
Read in Concepts of Alternating Current ↗Peak Amplitude
The maximum value above or below the reference line.
Read in Glossary ↗Peak And Peak-To
PEAK VALUES Refer to figure 1-13.
Read in Concepts of Alternating Current ↗Peak And Peak-To-Peak Values
The maximum value reached during one alternation of a sine wave is the peak value.
Read in Concepts of Alternating Current ↗Peak Current
The maximum current that flows during a complete cycle.
Read in Glossary ↗Peak Detection
Detection that uses the amplitude of pam or the duration of pdm to charge a holding capacitor and restore the original waveform.
Read in Glossary ↗Peak Power
Maximum power of the rf pulse from a radar transmitter.
Read in Glossary ↗Peak Value
The maximum instantaneous value of a varying current, voltage, or power.
Read in Glossary ↗Peak Voltage
The maximum value present in a varying or alternating voltage.
Read in Glossary ↗Peak-Reverse Voltage
The peak ac voltage which a rectifier tube will withstand in the reverse direction.
Read in Glossary ↗Peak-To-Peak
The measure of absolute m agnitude of an ac waveform, measured from the greatest positive alternation to greatest negative alternation.
Read in Glossary ↗Peaking Coil
An inductor used in an amplifier to provide high-frequency compensation which extends the high-frequency response of the amplifier.
Read in Glossary ↗Peete) Navsea St000
AB-GYD-010/PEETE, Naval Sea Systems Command, Washington, DC, 1987.
Read in References ↗Pendular Action
The lateral or longitudinal oscillation of the fuse- lage due to it being suspended from the rotor system.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Pendulum
A body so suspended from a fixed point as to move to and fro by the action of gravity and acquired momentum.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Pendulum Effect
The characteristic of the cart weight hanging below the wing that stabilizes the wing pitching moment and the cart underneath the wing for unaccelerated flight.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Pentavalent Impurity
A type of impurity which contains five valence electrons and donates one electron to the doped material.
Read in Glossary ↗Pentode Tube
A five-electrode electron tube containing a plate, a cathode, a control grid, and two grids.
Read in Glossary ↗Percent Of Modulation
In AM signals, the ratio of half the difference between the maximum and minimum amplitudes of a modulated wave to its average amplitude.
Read in Glossary ↗Perforator
A device that stores a teletypewriter message on a paper tape.
Read in Glossary ↗Performance
Gives performance information appropriate to the gyroplane, plus optional information presented in the most likely order for use in flight.
Read in Chapter 19 — Rotorcraft Flight Manual — Gyroplane ↗Perigee
The point in the orbit of a satellite closest to the earth.
Read in Glossary ↗Period
The time required to complete one cycle of a waveform is called the PERIOD OF THE WAVE.
Read in Concepts of Alternating Current ↗Period Time
The time required to com plete one cycle of a waveform.
Read in Glossary ↗Periodic Wave
A waveform that undergoes a pattern of changes, returns to its original pattern, and then repeats the same pattern of changes.
Read in Glossary ↗Peripheral Equipment
Equipment used for data entry, storage, or retrieval, but which is not a part of the central processing unit.
Read in Glossary ↗Permanent
MAGNET MOVING-COIL meter movement (d’ Arsonval movement) uses the interaction of magnetic fields to produce movement.
Read in Circuit Measurement ↗Permanent Elongation
The percentage of elongation remaining on a tape or a length of base film after a given load applied for a given time has been removed.
Read in Glossary ↗Permanent Magnet Speaker
A speaker with a permanent magnet mounted on soft iron pole pieces.
Read in Glossary ↗Permanent-Magnet Moving
COIL MOVEMENT The compass and conducting wire meter can be considered a fixed-conductor moving-magnet device since the compass is, in reality, a magnet that is allowed to move.
Read in Circuit Measurement ↗Permeability
The measure of the ability of a material to act as a path for magnetic lines of force.
Read in Glossary ↗Persistance
The length of time a phosphor dot glows on a crt before disappearing.
Read in Glossary ↗Persistence
The length of time a phosphor dot glows on a CRT before disappearing [6] [18].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Personality Tendencies
Personal traits and characteristics of an individual that are set at a very early age and extremely resistant to change.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Petroleum Abrasive Compound
A compound that causes a grinding action during the crimping operation and removes the oxide film from the aluminum.
Read in Glossary ↗Phantastron
A variable- length sawtooth generator used to produce a sweep on an A-scope.
Read in Glossary ↗Phase
SHIFT KEYING (psk) is similar to cw and fsk.
Read in Angle and Pulse Modulation ↗Phase Angle
The n umber of electrical degrees of lead or lag between the voltage and current waveforms in an ac circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Phase Difference
The tim e in electrical degrees by which one wave leads or lags another.
Read in Glossary ↗Phase Relationships Of A Capacitor
The current leads the voltage by 90º in a capacitor (ICE).
Read in Inductive and Capacitive Reactance ↗Phase Relationships Of An Inductor
The current lags the voltage by 90º in an inductor (ELI).
Read in Inductive and Capacitive Reactance ↗Phase Shifter
A device used to change the phase relationship between two ac signals.
Read in Glossary ↗Phase Splitter
A device that provides two output signals from a single input signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Phase-Shift Discriminator
See Foster-Seeley discriminator.
Read in Glossary ↗Phase-Shift Keying
Similar to ON-OFF cw keying in AM systems and frequency-shift keying in fm systems.
Read in Glossary ↗Phoenix Air U
15 PHOENIX None The pilot's failure to maintain distance with an airport sign while taxiing.
Read in Chapter 13 — Human Factors — Part 2 ↗Phosphor
The material used to convert the energy of electrons into visible light.
Read in Glossary ↗Photo Etching
Chemical process of removing unwanted material in producing printed circuit boards.
Read in Glossary ↗Photocell
A light-controlled variable resistor that has a light-to-dark resistance ratio of 1:1000.
Read in Glossary ↗Photodiode
A light-controlled variable resistor.
Read in Glossary ↗Photoelectric Voltage
A voltage produced by light.
Read in Glossary ↗Photoetching
Chemical process of removing unwanted material in producing printed circuit boards [14].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Phototransistor
An optoelectronic device that conducts current when exposed to light.
Read in Glossary ↗Photovoltaic Cell (Solar Cell)
A device that acts much like a battery when exposed to light and converts light energy into electrical energy.
Read in Glossary ↗Pia
W-4088D, this is the fourth revision.
Read in Chapter 8 — Part 3 ↗Pia Ts
135 Figure 2 Direct Drop Tests Per Paragraph 4.
Read in Chapter 5 — Part 7 ↗Pia Ts 135
Performance Standards for Personnel Parachute Assemblies and Components .
Read in Chapter 5 — Part 6 ↗Pia Ts-100
Standardized Nomenclature for Ram-Air Parachutes .
Read in Chapter 5 — Part 6 ↗Pia Ts-108
Parachute Canopy Fabric Pull Test, Non-Destructive Method .
Read in Chapter 5 — Part 6 ↗Pia Ts-135
Figure 1 Multiplier Factors for Structural Overload Testing Per Paragraph 4.
Read in Chapter 5 — Part 7 ↗Pia-C
44378, may not be as dramatic.
Read in Chapter 4 — Part 2 ↗Pia-F
10884 N/A N/A General purpose snap Open when pulled from any direction.
Read in Chapter 8 — Part 6 ↗Pia-H
7750 N/A ID approximately .
Read in Chapter 8 — Part 7 ↗Pia-T
43618 60-75 lb Ripstop weave fabric with adhesive backing, various colors Field canopy repair May degrade canopy fabric over time.
Read in Chapter 8 — Part 4 ↗Pia-Ts
108 12 December 1992 PIA Technical Standard Parachute Canopy Fabric Pull Test Non-Destructive Method Disclaimer: Parachute canopy manufacturers may have pull test requirements that differ in methods, procedures, and loads applied.
Read in Chapter 5 — Part 6 ↗Pia-Ts-135
Table 2 Human Factors and Actuation Force Tests Primary Actuation Device / Ripcord Dual Harnes s Res erve Parachute As s emblyData Required Suspended by Single Harnes s Res erve Parachute As s embly Main Pack Conditio Te st Condition Load Factor 1.
Read in Chapter 5 — Part 7 ↗Pia-W
4088 1,800 lb 2/2 HB twill, 3" width, some slider edge tapes Confluence wraps, container reinforcing Not to be confused with 5038 Ty-4 square weave.
Read in Chapter 8 — Part 4 ↗Pico
A prefix adopted by the National Bureau of Standards meaning 10 –12.
Read in Glossary ↗Pictorial Diagram
A diagram showing pictorial sketches of the parts of a piece of equipment and the electrical connections between the parts.
Read in Glossary ↗Piezoelectric Effect
The effect of producing a voltage by placing a stress, either by compression, expansion, or twisting, on a crystal and, conversely, producing a stress in a crystal by applying a voltage to it.
Read in Glossary ↗Pilot
INDUCED OSCILLATION (PIO) Pilot-induced oscillation, sometimes referred to as por- poising, is an unintentional up-and-down oscillation of the gyroplane accompanied with alternating climbs and descents of the aircraft.
Read in Chapter 21 — Gyroplane Emergencies ↗Pilot At The Flight Controls
Many heli- copter operators have been lured into a "quick turn- around" ground operation to avoid delays at airport terminals and to minimize stop/start cycles of the engine.
Read in Chapter 9 — Basic Flight Maneuvers — Part 1 ↗Pilot In Command
The pilot responsible for the operation and safety of an aircraft.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Pilot Self
ASSESSMENT The pilot in command of an aircraft is directly responsi- ble for, and is the final authority as to, the operation of that aircraft.
Read in Chapter 14 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Part 1 ↗Pilot-In
COMMAND: DEP FROM: DATE: TIME; UTC: ARR AT: DATE: TIME; UTC: ADDRESSEE AIREP SPECIAL Items 1–8 are to be reported immediately to the ATS unit that you are in contact with.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 7 ↗Pilotage
Navigational technique based on flight by reference to ground landmarks.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Pip (Blip)
On a crt display, a spot of light or a base -line irregularity representing the radar echo.
Read in Glossary ↗Pitch
UP The term of “pitch-up” generally applies to the static longitudinal instability encountered by certain configurations at high angle of attack.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 7 ↗Pitch Angle
The angle between the chord line of the rotor blade and the reference plane of the main rotor hub or the rotor plane of rotation.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Pitch Attitude
The angle of the longitudinal axis relative to the horizon.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Pitot
STATIC INSTRUMENTS The pitot-static instruments, which include the airspeed indicator, altimeter, and vertical speed indicator, oper- ate on the principle of differential air pressure.
Read in Chapter 11 — Helicopter Emergencies — Part 3 ↗Pixel
In computer graphics, the smallest element of a display surface that can be independently assigned color or intensity.
Read in Glossary ↗Placards
Small statements or pictorial signs permanently fixed in the cockpit and visible to the pilot.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Plain Ski
A type of aircraft ski that can only be used on snow or ice, as compared to combination skis, which also allow the use of the skiplane’s wheels for landing on runways.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Plan Viewprofileminimums Se
3, 16 DEC 2010 to 13 JAN 2011 SE-3, 16 DEC 2010 to 13 JAN 2011 Figure 1-10.
Read in Chapter 1 — The National Airspace System — Part 2 ↗Planar Tube
An electron tube, constructed with parallel electrodes and a ceramic envelope, which is used at uhf frequencies.
Read in Glossary ↗Planar-Mounted Components (Flat
PACKS) Different techniques are used in the removal and replacement of flat packs and devices with on-the- board terminations.
Read in Miniature and Microminiature Repair Procedures ↗Plane Of Polarization
The plane (vertical or horizontal), with respect to the earth, in which the E field propagates [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Plane Wavefronts
Waves of energy that are flat, parallel planes and perpendicular to the direction of propagation.
Read in Glossary ↗Planform
The shape or form of a wing as viewed from above.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Planing Position
The atti- tude of the seaplane when the entire weight of the aircraft is supported by hydrodynamic and aerodynamic lift, as it is during high-speed taxi or just prior to takeoff.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Planned-Position Indicator
A radar display in which range is indicated by the distance of a bright spot or pip from the center of the screen and the bearing is indicated by the radial angle of the spot.
Read in Glossary ↗Plate
One of the electrodes in a storage battery.
Read in Glossary ↗Plate Current Flows Only In One Direction
FROM THE FILAMENT TO THE PLATE 1.
Read in Introduction to Electron Tubes ↗Plate Dissipation
The amount of power lost as heat in the plate of a vacuum tube.
Read in Glossary ↗Plate Keying
A keying system in which the plate supply is interrupted.
Read in Glossary ↗Plate Modulator
An electron-tube modulator in which the modulating voltage is applied to the plate circuit of the tube.
Read in Glossary ↗Plate Resistance
The plate voltage change divided by the resultant plate current change in a vacuum tube, all other conditions being fixed.
Read in Glossary ↗Plate Resistance In Gas Diodes
Gas diodes are a type of tube that we have not yet discussed.
Read in Introduction to Electron Tubes ↗Plated-Through
HOLE method of interconnecting conductors is illustrated in figure 1-41.
Read in Microelectronics ↗Plowing Position
A nose high, powered taxi characterized by high water drag and an aftward shift of the center of buoyancy.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Plug
TYPE FUSE The plug-type fuse is constructed so that it can be screwed into a socket mounted on a control panel or electrical distribution center.
Read in Circuit Protection Devices ↗Poh
See PILOT’S OPERATING HANDBOOK.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Poh Vb
1955 3/20/06 3449311 and 3449323 and up when Piper kit 766-632 (or equivalent 88247-{ }) and Avidyne Entegra System is Installed.
Read in Weighing Equipment and Aircraft Preparation ↗Point
CONTACT DIODES, commonly called CRYSTALS, are the oldest microwave semiconductor devices.
Read in Microwave Components and Circuits ↗Point Bender
A tool used to adjust the contact spacing on a relay.
Read in Glossary ↗Point Of Zero Displacement
See REFERENCE LINE [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Point-Contact Diode
A diode in which the end of a fine wire is pressed against a semiconductor.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Point-Contact Transistor
A semiconductor diode that can work with and amplify the ultrahigh frequencies used in radar.
Read in Glossary ↗Point-To
POINT (PTP)− A level of NRR service for aircraft that is based on traditional waypoints in their FMSs or RNA V equipage.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 8 ↗Point-To-Point Wiring
Individual wires run from terminal to terminal to complete a circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Polar
COORDINATE GRAPH for the same isotropic source.
Read in Antennas ↗Polar Orbit
An orbit that has an angle of inclination of or near 90 degrees.
Read in Glossary ↗Polar-Coordinate Graph
A graph with a pair of axes.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Polarity
(1) The condition in an electrical circuit by which the direction of the flow of current can be determined.
Read in Glossary ↗Polarization
The magnetic orientation of molecules in a magnetizable material in a magnetic field, whereby tiny internal magnets tend to line up in the field.
Read in Glossary ↗Pole
The sections of a field magnet where the flux lines are concentrated; also where they enter and leave the magnet.
Read in Glossary ↗Pole Piece
A piece of ferromagnetic material used to control the distribution of magnetic lines of force; i.
Read in Glossary ↗Pole Pieces
The shaped magnetic material upon which the stator windings of motors and generators are mounted or wound.
Read in Glossary ↗Polyeser
(1) An acronym for polyethylene glycol terephthalate.
Read in Glossary ↗Polymer Fume Fever
A flu-like condition caused by a person breathing the vapors of fluorocarbons when they are heated.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Polyphase
Term that describes systems or units of a system that are activated by or which generate separate out-of-phase voltages.
Read in Glossary ↗Pop-Out Floats
Helicopter floats that are stored deflated on the skids or in compartments along the lower portion of the helicopter, and deployed in the event of an emer- gency landing on water.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Porpoising
A rhythmic pitch- ing motion caused by an incorrect planing attitude during takeoff.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Porpoising Effect
The rapid increase in throttle resulting in a rapid initial pitch up, which results in the pendulum effect that dampens out into a steady state climb.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Port
The left side or the direction to the left of a vessel.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Position
The attitude of the seaplane when its entire weight is supported by the buoyancy of the floats, as it is when at rest or dur- ing a slow taxi.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 1 ↗Position Sensor
A component in a servo system that measures position and converts the measurement into a form convenient for transmission as a feedback signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Position Servo System
A servo system whose end function is to control the position of the load it is driving.
Read in Glossary ↗Position Servosystem
A servosystem whose end function is to control the position of the load it is driving [15].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Positional Notation
A numbering system in which a number is represented by means of a stated set of symbols or digits, such that the value contributed by each symbol or digit depends upon its position as well as upon its value [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Positional Weighting
The value given a digit based on the digit's position within a given number [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Positive
DIODE CLAMPERS Figure 4-18, view (A), illustrates the circuit of a positive-diode clamper.
Read in Wave Shaping ↗Positive Alternation
The positive half of an ac waveform.
Read in Glossary ↗Positive Clamper
The lower extremity of the output waveshape is clamped to a dc potential of 0 volts.
Read in Glossary ↗Positive Dynamic Stability
The tendency over time for an aircraft to return to a pre- disturbed state.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Positive Feedback
Feedback in which the feedback signal is in phase with the input signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Positive Half
CYCLE 4-20 Figure 4-17B.
Read in Solid-State Power Supplies ↗Positive Logic
The form of logic in which the more positive logic level represents 1 and the more negative level represents 0 [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Positive Static Stability
The initial tendency to return to a state of equilibrium when disturbed from that state.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Positive Temperature Coefficient
The characteristic of a conductor in which the resistance increases as temperature increases.
Read in Glossary ↗Positive-Intrinsic
NEGATIVE (PIN) PHOTODIODE and AVALANCHE PHOTODIODE (APD) are the principal optical detectors used in fiber optic systems.
Read in Optical Detectors and Fiber Optic Receivers ↗Post
TYPE FUSEHOLDERS Post-type fuseholders are made for cartridge fuses.
Read in Circuit Protection Devices ↗Potential Energy
Energy due to the position of one body with respect to another body or to the relative parts of the same body.
Read in Glossary ↗Potentiometer
A 3-terminal resistor with one or more sliding contacts, which functions as an adjustable voltage divider.
Read in Glossary ↗Povier
CURVES+pOW-PHATT-:-AND--V/HITHEY- -· - -- .
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 5 ↗Power
OFF GLIDE PERFORMANCE The gliding performance of an airplane is of special interest for the single-engine airplane NAVWEPS O&ROT-80 APPLICATION OF AERODYNAMICS TO SPECIFIC PROBLEMS OF FLYING in the case of powerplant failure or malfunc- tion.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 8 ↗Power Amplifier
An amplifier in which the output-signal power is greater than the input-signal power.
Read in Glossary ↗Power And Current Ratios
The power and current ratios of a transformer are dependent on the fact that power delivered to the secondary is always equal to the power delivered to the primary minus the losses of the transformer.
Read in Transformers ↗Power Control During Straight-And
LEVEL FLIGHT Establishing specific power settings is accomplished through collective pitch adjustments and throttle control, where necessary.
Read in Chapter 11 — Helicopter Emergencies — Part 4 ↗Power Factor
An indication of the various losses of a capacitor, such as current leakage and dielectric absorption.
Read in Glossary ↗Power Factor Correction
To reduce losses in a circuit the power factor should be as close to unity or 100% as possible.
Read in Inductive and Capacitive Reactance ↗Power Gain
The ratio of the radiated power of an antenna compared to the output power of a standard antenna.
Read in Glossary ↗Power Loss
The electrical power supplied to a circuit that does no work, usually dissipated as heat.
Read in Glossary ↗Power Losses In An Inductor
Since an inductor (coil) contains a number turns of wire, and all wire has some resistance, the inductor has a certain amount of resistance.
Read in Inductance ↗Power Pentode
A special-purpose tube used to provide high-current gain or power amplification.
Read in Glossary ↗Power Standing-Wave Ratio (Pswr)
The ratio of the square of the maximum and minimum voltages of a transmission line [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Power Supply
A unit that supplies electrical power to another unit.
Read in Glossary ↗Power Transformer
A transformer with two or more windings wound on a laminated iron core.
Read in Transformers ↗Power-Amplifier (Chain) Transmitter
Transmitter that uses a series of power amplifiers to create a high level of power.
Read in Glossary ↗Power-Off Descent
Aircraft configuration where a descent occurs with power at idle.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Powered
LIFT− A heavier-than-air aircraft capable of vertical takeoff, vertical landing, and low-speed flight that depends principally on engine-driven lift devices during these flight regimes and on nonrotating airfoil(s) for lift during horizontal flight.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 8 ↗Powered Parachute (Ppc)
A powered aircraft comprised of a flexible or semi-rigid wing connected to a fuselage (cart) so that the wing is not in position for flight until the aircraft is in mo- tion.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Powerplant
A complete engine and propeller combination with accessories.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Ppc
See POWERED PARACHUTE.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Ppcl
Powered parachute land.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Ppcs
Powered parachute sea.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Pr-1302Ht
A PR-727A None Sealant Base Accelerator (Catalyst) Mixing Ratio by Weight Application Life (Work) Storage (Shelf) Life After Mixing Storage (Shelf) Life Unmixed Temperature Range Application and Limitations other sizes in proportion).
Read in Hardware, Fasteners, Bolts, and Nuts ↗Practical Test
Flight test administered by an FAA examiner or designated examiner as a pre- requisite for pilot certification.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Practical Test Standards (Pts)
An FAA published document of standards that must be met for the issuance of a particular pilot certificate or rating.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Pre
FLIGHT PILOT BRIEFING− (See PILOT BRIEFING.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 8 ↗Preamplifier (Preamp)
An amplifier that raises the output of a low-level source for further processing without appreciable degradation of the signal-to-noise ratio [18].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Precautions
Transistors, although generally more rugged mechanically than electron tubes, are susceptible to damage by excessive heat and electrical overload.
Read in Component Testing ↗Precession
The rotation of the spin axis of a gyro in response to an applied force.
Read in Glossary ↗Precession Vector
In a gyro, a vector representing the angular change of the spin axis when torque is applied.
Read in Glossary ↗Preflight Inspection
Aircraft inspection conducted to determine if an aircraft is mechani- cally and legally airworthy.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Prerotation
In a gyroplane, it is the spinning of the rotor to a suffi- cient r.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Pressure Altitude
The height above the standard pressure level of 29.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Pressure But One
HALF ORIGINAL SIZE AIRFOIL SHAPE AND ANGLE OF ATTACK DEFINE RELATIVE PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION Figure 1.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 1 ↗Pressure Distribution On A Symmetrical Airfoil At Zero Lift
PEAK SUCTION AFT STAGNATION POINT NEGLECTING FRICTION VISCOUS FLOW Figure 1.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 1 ↗Prestandard Navy Synchros
Synchros that are designed to meet Navy, rather than servicewide, specifications.
Read in Glossary ↗Preventive Maintenance
Consists of mechanical, electrical, and electronic checks; used to determine whether or not equipment is operating properly.
Read in Glossary ↗Primaries (Of Light)
The three primary colors of light from which all other colors can be derived.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Primary Cell
An electrochemical cell in which the chemical action eats away one of the electrodes, usually the negative electrode.
Read in Glossary ↗Primary Loop
In a cooling system, the primary source of cooling for the distilled water.
Read in Glossary ↗Primary Storage
S ee storage, primary.
Read in Glossary ↗Primary Swell
The swell system having the greatest height from trough to crest.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Primary Winding
The winding of a transfor mer connected to the electrical source.
Read in Glossary ↗Prime Mover
The source of the turning force applied to the rotor of a generator.
Read in Glossary ↗Printed Circuit Board
A flat insulating surface upon which printed wiring and miniaturized components are connected in a predetermined design and attached to a common base.
Read in Glossary ↗Printer
A device used with a computer to produce hard copy, printed output.
Read in Glossary ↗Prism
A triangular-shaped glass that refracts and disperses light waves into component wavelengths [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Priv Ate Airport
Airport that is privately owned and not available to the public without prior permission.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Priv Ate Pilot Certificate
An FAA-issued pilot certificate permitting carriage of passengers on a not-for-hire basis.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Prm
certified controllers.
Read in Chapter 2 — The Air Traffic Control System — Part 2 ↗Prob30
a given percentage that describes the probability of thunderstorms and precipitation occurring in the coming hours.
Read in Aviation Weather Services — Part 2 ↗Prob30 1004/1007 1Sm
RA BR FM101015 18005KT 6SM -SHRA OVC020 BECMG 1013/1015 P6SM NSW SKC NOTE: Users are cautioned to confirm DATE and TIME of the TAF.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 6 ↗Probe
A metal rod that projects into, but is insulated from, a waveguide or resonant cavity and used to inject or extract energy.
Read in Glossary ↗Probe Coupler
A resonant conductor placed in a waveguide or cavity to insert or extract energy.
Read in Glossary ↗Proficiency Check
An evaluation of aero- nautical knowledge and flight proficiency.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Profile
LOW THICKNESS - GREATER THICKNESS - LOW VELOCITIES NEXT TO SURFACE - HIGHER VELOCITIES NEXT TO SURFACE - GRADUAL VELOCITY CHANGE - SHARP VELOCITY CHANGE - LOW SKIN FRICTION - HIGHER SKIN FRICTION figure 7.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 2 ↗Profile Drag
Drag incurred from frictional or parasitic resistance of the blades passing through the air.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Program
(1) Verb —The act of writing instructions for computer execution.
Read in Glossary ↗Program And High
RELIABILITY SOLDERING LEARNING OBJECTIVES Upon completion of this topic, the student will be able to: 1.
Read in Miniature/Microminiature (2M) Repair Program and High-Reliability Soldering ↗Programmed Tracking
The method that uses known satellite orbital parameters to generate antenna pointing angles.
Read in Glossary ↗Prom
Acronym for programmable read -only memory.
Read in Glossary ↗Propagation
Waves traveling through a medium [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Propeller
A device for propelling an aircraft that, when rotated, produces by its action on the air, a thrust approximately perpendicular to its plane of rotation.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Propeller Blast
The volume of air acceler- ated behind a propeller producing thrust.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Protected Segment
The protected segment is a segment on the amended TFM route that is to be inhibited from automatic adapted route alteration by ERAM.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 8 ↗Prs
107, Revision 1, dated March 6, 2008.
Read in Chapter 8 — Part 2 ↗Ps Od-80T
80 APPLICATION OF AERODYNAMICS TO SPECIFIC PROBLEMS OF FLYING the forces acting on the airplane, i.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 7 ↗Ps Oo-Rot
80 STABILITY AND CONTROL B of figure 4.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 5 ↗Pt6A
67B with fixed propeller speed no movement Reset arm no movement are still used on radial engines.
Read in Propeller Balancing and Maintenance ↗Pts
See PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Public Airport
Airport that is available to the aviation public.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Public Use
(Soft surfaced runway, or hard surfaced runway less than 1500’ in length.
Read in Complete Aeronautical Chart Users' Guide — Part 2 ↗Pull
20 -10 STABILIZER DEFLECTION LEADING EDGE DOWN LEADING EDGE UP 25O 200 I50 100 50 50 I00 Figure 4.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 6 ↗Pulsating Dc
one that flows in pulses.
Read in Introduction to Electron Tubes ↗Pulse
REPETITION TIME (prt).
Read in Angle and Pulse Modulation ↗Pulse Duration (Pd)
The period of time during which a pulse is present [12].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Pulse Modulation
A form of modulation in which one of the characteristics of a pulse train is varied.
Read in Glossary ↗Pulse Oscillator
A sine-wave oscillator that is turned on and off at specific times.
Read in Glossary ↗Pulse Width
Duration of time between the leading and trailing edges of a pulse.
Read in Glossary ↗Pulse-Amplitude Modulation (Pam)
Pulse modulation in which the amplitude of the pulses is varied by the modulating signal [12].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Pulse-Code Modulation (Pcm)
A modulation system in which the standard values of a quantized wave are indicated by a series of coded pulses [12].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Pulse-Duration Modulation (Pdm)
Pulse modulation in which the time duration of the pulses is changed by the modulating signal [12].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Pulse-Forming Network (Pfn)
An LC network that alternately stores and releases energy in an approximately rectangular wave.
Read in Glossary ↗Pulse-Frequency Modulation (Pfm)
Pulse modulation in which the modulating voltage varies the repetition rate of a pulse train [12].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Pulse-Position Modulation (Ppm)
Pulse modulation in which the position of the pulses is varied by the modulating voltage [12].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Pulse-Repetition Frequency
The rate, in pulses per second, at which the pulses occur.
Read in Glossary ↗Pulse-Repetition Frequency (Prf)
The rate at which pulses are transmitted, given in hertz or pulses per second; reciprocal of pulse-repetition time.
Read in Glossary ↗Pulse-Repetition Rate (Prr)
Average number of pulses per unit of time; pulse rate.
Read in Glossary ↗Pulse-Repetition Time (Prt)
Interval between the start of one pulse and the start of the next pulse; reciprocal of pulse-repetition frequency.
Read in Glossary ↗Pulse-Time Modulation (Ptm)
Pulse modulation that varies one of the time characteristics of a pulse train (pwm, pdm, ppm, or pfm) [12].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Pulse-Width Modulation (Pwm)
Pulse modulation in which the duration of the pulses is varied by the modulating voltage [12].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Pulsing
Allowing oscillations to occur for a specific period of time only during selected intervals.
Read in Glossary ↗Pump
Electrical source of the energy required to vary the capacitance of a parametric amplifier.
Read in Glossary ↗Punched Card
A card punched with hole patterns that represent data or program instructions.
Read in Glossary ↗Punched Tape
A tape punched with hole patterns that represent data or program instructions.
Read in Glossary ↗Push
PULL AMPLIFIERS One use of phase splitters is to provide input signals to a single-stage amplifier that uses two transistors.
Read in Amplifiers ↗Push Crsr/Push 1
2 FMS/ NAV-COM PUSH PAN RANGE +− 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 − 0 + The display allows you to view information stored in the FMS.
Read in Chapter 6 — Airborne Navigation Databases — Part 1 ↗Push-Pull Amplifier
An amplifler which uses two transistors (or electron tubes) whose output signals are combined to provide a larger gain (usually a power gain) than a single transistor (or electron tube) can provide.
Read in Glossary ↗Push-To
TALK/ CODE button, and the three-position MODE switch.
Read in Introduction to Miscellaneous Communications Systems and Equipment ↗Pusher Configuration
Propeller configura- tion where the propeller shaft faces the rear of the aircraft.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Quality (Of Sound)
The factor that distinguishes tones of pitch and loudness [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Quantized Wave
A wave created by arbitrarily dividing the entire range of amplitude (or frequency, or phase) values of an analog wave into a series of standard values.
Read in Glossary ↗Quantizing Noise
A distortion introduced by quantizing the signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Quantum
MECHANICAL TUNNELING.
Read in Special Devices ↗Quantum-Mechanical Tunneling
When an electron is able to cross a PN junction because of tunnel effect.
Read in Glossary ↗Quarter
WAVE or Marconi antenna.
Read in Antennas ↗Quarter-Wave Antenna
Same as the MARCONI ANTENNA [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Quiescence
The operating condition of a circuit when no input signal is being applied to the circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Quiescent State
Time during which a tube or transistor of an electrical circuit is not performing its active function.
Read in Glossary ↗R 1340
AN Pratt & Whitney Wasp 425 H.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 5 ↗R Code)
Specifies maintenance level for repair of components or assemblies [14].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗R Of Ship
lOOKING OUTBOARD SPLIT VIEW OF CONTROL K -123 ant/ Fufure CAR .
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 7 ↗R- 1340 - An
2 Engines 12-1/2 Ft.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 6 ↗R-'
1+- •·Model 2Cll41A4 1 LUot & zg J:gdnfnj as req11ired M or C ----+- · CONTROL BOX ~~:-_ 3GBD1 -All l I' -f4 RELAY- REV.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 7 ↗R-1340
AN2, Geared 3:2 Horsepower, each - 425 H.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 1 ↗R-2904 A To But Not 0800-1700 (Apr
AUG) JACKSONVILLE TRACON INCL 1,800 0800-1700 SAT-SUN (SEP-MAR) †24 HRS IN ADVANCE R-2906 TO 14,000 INTERMITTENT JACKSONVILLE TRACON †6 HRS IN ADVANCE R-2907 A TO FL 230 INTERMITTENT JACKSONVILLE CNTR †6 HRS IN ADVANCE Figure 5-33.
Read in Chapter 5 — Improvement Plans — Part 2 ↗R-975
28, Direct Drive-Horsepower, each 420 H.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 1 ↗R-S Flip
FLOP ¾ A flip-flop with two inputs ¾ S (set) and R (reset).
Read in Glossary ↗R2
IB + I1 Through R3 — IB + I1, + I2 The voltage across each resistor of the voltage divider is: 90 volts across R1 60 volts across R2 50 volts across R3 The voltage divider circuit discussed up to this point has had one side of the power supply (battery) at ground potential.
Read in Series, Parallel, and Series-Parallel DC Circuits ↗Radar
An acronym for RAdio Detecting And Ranging.
Read in Glossary ↗Radar Altimeter
Airborne radar that measures the distance of the aircraft above the ground.
Read in Glossary ↗Radar Beam
The space in front of a radar antenna where a target can be effectively detected or tracked.
Read in Glossary ↗Radar Detector
A detector which, in its simplest form, only needs to be capable of producing an output when rf energy (reflected from a target) is present at its input.
Read in Glossary ↗Radar Distribution Switchboard
An electrical switching panel used to connect inputs from any of several radars to repeaters.
Read in Glossary ↗Radar Test Set
Combination of several test circuits and equipment used to test various characteristics of a radar.
Read in Glossary ↗Radar/Non
RADAR REPORTS These reports should be made at all times without a specific ATC request.
Read in Chapter 2 — En Route Operations — Part 6 ↗Radiation Field
The electromagnetic field that radiates from an antenna and travels through space [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Radiation Losses
The losses that occur when magnetic lines of force about a conductor are projected into space as radiation and are not returned to the conductor as the cycle alternates [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Radiation Pattern
A plot of the radiated energy from an antenna [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Radiation Resistance
The resistance that if inserted in place of the antenna would consume the same amount of power as that radiated by the antenna [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Radio
FREQUENCY-CARRIER SHIFT.
Read in Fundamental Systems Equipment ↗Radio Communications
The term describing teletypewriter, voice, telegraphic, and facsimile communications.
Read in Glossary ↗Radio Frequency (Rf)
Any frequency of electrical energy capable of propagation into space.
Read in Glossary ↗Radio Frequency Carrier Shift
The system that uses a keyer to shift a radio frequency signal above or below an assigned frequency.
Read in Glossary ↗Radio Horizon
The boundary beyond the natural horizon in which radio waves cannot be propagated over the earth's surface [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Radio Set Control Unit
Equipment used to remotely control certain transmitter and receiver functions.
Read in Glossary ↗Radio Waves
(1) A form of radiant energy that can neither be seen nor felt.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Radio-Frequency Transformer
A transformer used in a radio-frequency circuit to transfer rf signals from one circuit to another.
Read in Transformers ↗Radix
1) COMPLEMENT ¾ The difference between a given number and the highest value symbol in the number system (7778 minus 2548 equals 5248).
Read in Glossary ↗Radix Point
Also called BINARY POINT, OCTAL POINT, DECIMAL POINT, and so forth, depending on the number system [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Ram
Acronym for random -access memory.
Read in Glossary ↗Ram-Air Wing
Also known as a parafoil.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Ramp Attendants And Aircraft Servic
ING PERSONNEL— These personnel should be instructed as to their specific duties, and the proper method of fulfilling them.
Read in Chapter 9 — Basic Flight Maneuvers — Part 1 ↗Ramping
Using a ramp that extends under the water surface as a means of getting the seaplane out of the water and onto the shore.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Random
ACCESS STORAGE refers to magnetic core, semiconductor, thin film, and bubble storage.
Read in Data Representation and Communications ↗Random Access
A method of accessing data (or instructions) without having to scan any preceding information.
Read in Glossary ↗Range
Distance, as measured from a point of reference, such as a radar, to a target or other object.
Read in Glossary ↗Range Marker
A movable vertical pulse on an A -scope or ring on a ppi scope used to measure the range of an echo or to calibrate the range scale.
Read in Glossary ↗Range Resolution
Ability of a rad ar to distinguish between targets that are close together.
Read in Glossary ↗Range Step
On an A-scope sweep, vertical displacement used to measure the range of an echo.
Read in Glossary ↗Range-Gate
A movable gate used to select radar echoes from a very short range interval [18].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Range-Height Indicator
A radar display on which slant range is shown along the X axis and height along the Y axis.
Read in Glossary ↗Ranges
The several upper limits a meter will measure as selectable by a switch or by jacks; e.
Read in Glossary ↗Rarefied Wave
A longitudinal wave that has been expanded or rarefied (made less dense) as it moves away from the source [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Rate Gyro
A gyro used to detect and measure angular rates of change.
Read in Glossary ↗Ratio
Th e value obtained by dividing one number by another, indicating their relative proportions.
Read in Glossary ↗Ratio Detector
A detector that uses a double-tuned transformer to convert the instantaneous frequency variations of the fm input signal to instantaneous amplitude variations.
Read in Glossary ↗Ratio Of Transmitted Powers
The power ratio ( fsk verses AM) that expresses the overall improvement of fsk transmission when compared to AM under rapid-fading and high-noise conditions.
Read in Glossary ↗Rc Constant
Ti me constant of a resistor-capacitor circuit; equal in seconds to the resistance value in ohms multiplied by the capacitance value in farads.
Read in Glossary ↗Rc Differentiator
An RC circuit in which the output is taken from the resistor.
Read in Glossary ↗Rc Filter
This filter is used in applications where load current is low and constant, and voltage regulation is not necessary.
Read in Glossary ↗Rc Integrator
An RC circuit in which the output is taken from the capacitor.
Read in Glossary ↗Rc Network
A circuit containing resistances and capacitances arranged in a particular manner to perform a specific function.
Read in Glossary ↗Rc Oscillator
An oscillator in which the frequency is determined by resistive and capacitive elements.
Read in Glossary ↗Rc Time Constant
The time required to charge a capac itor to 63.
Read in Capacitance ↗Rcls)
installed on some precision approach runways to facilitate landing under adverse visibility conditions.
Read in Airport Operations — Part 3 ↗Rdt
8D BASIC AERODYNAMICS A I I TYPlChL L&i.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 2 ↗Reactance
TUBE MODULATOR is frequency modulated by using a reactance tube in shunt with the tank circuit.
Read in Angle and Pulse Modulation ↗Reactance Amplifier
A low-noise amplifier that uses a nonlinear variable reactance as the active element instead of a variable resistance.
Read in Glossary ↗Reactance Tube
A tube connected in parallel with the tank circuit of an oscillator.
Read in Glossary ↗Reactance-Tube Modulator
An fm modulator that uses a reactance tube in parallel with the oscillator tank circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Reactive Power
The power returned to the source by th e reactive elements of the circuit is called reactive power.
Read in Inductive and Capacitive Reactance ↗Read
ONLY MEMORY (ROM) allows us to permanently store programs that will not be lost even when the computer is powered down.
Read in Hardware ↗Read/Write Erase Head
A three-gap head (read, write, erase) on one body.
Read in Glossary ↗Read/Write Head
A two-gap head (read, write) on one body.
Read in Glossary ↗Reading Amplifier Frequency
RESPONSE CURVES Figure 2-2 shows the frequency-response curves for four different amplifiers.
Read in Video and RF Amplifiers ↗Real-Time Processing
A computer processing method in which data about a particular event is entered directly into the computer as the event occurs and is immediately processed so it can influence future processing.
Read in Glossary ↗Receiver
In radar, a unit that converts rf echoes to video and/or audio signals.
Read in Glossary ↗Receiver Sensitivity
The degree to which a receiver can usefully detect a weak signal; the lower limit of useful signal input to the receiver.
Read in Glossary ↗Receiver Transfer Switchboard
Equipment used to transfer receiver audio outputs to remote control station audio circuits.
Read in Glossary ↗Receiving Antenna
The device used to pick up the RF signal from space [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Reception
The instant when an electromagnetic wave passes through a receiver antenna and induces a voltage in that antenna.
Read in Glossary ↗Receptivity
The reciprocal of conductivity.
Read in Glossary ↗Reciprocal
The value obtained by dividing the number 1 by any quantity.
Read in Glossary ↗Reciprocal (Of A Quantity)
The value obtained by dividing the number 1 by that quantity [1].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Reciprocating Engine
An engine that converts the heat energy from burning fuel into the reciprocating movement of the pistons.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Reciprocity
The ability of an antenna to both transmit and receive electromagnetic energy.
Read in Glossary ↗Record
A group of rel ated fields, all pertaining to the same subject; a person, a thing, or an event.
Read in Data Representation and Communications ↗Record Block
Several records blocked together.
Read in Glossary ↗Record Length
The number of characters in a record.
Read in Glossary ↗Recording
The number of bits, bytes, characters, or frames per linear inch on a recording medium, like tape or disk.
Read in Glossary ↗Recovery Time
In a radar, the time interval between the end of the transmitted pulse and the time when echo signals are no longer attenuated by the tr gap.
Read in Glossary ↗Rectangular-Coordinate Graph
A graph in which straight-line axes (horizontal and vertical) are perpendicular [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Rectifier
A device which, by its construction characteristics, converts alternating current to a pulsating direct current.
Read in Glossary ↗Red
The reference color of equipment that passes classified information.
Read in Glossary ↗Reel
The metal-, glass-, or plastic-flanged hub on which magnetic tape is wound.
Read in Glossary ↗Reference
The source document identification.
Read in Glossary ↗Reference Datum
Balance is determined by the location of the CG, which is usually described as a given number of inches from the reference datum.
Read in Chapter 6 — Rotorcraft Flight Manual — Part 2 ↗Reference Line
The position of zero displacement in a wave [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Reference Point
A point in a circuit to which all other points in the circuit are compared.
Read in Glossary ↗Reference Tape
A tape used as a reference against which the performances of other tapes are compared.
Read in Glossary ↗Reflected Wave
(1) The wave that reflects back from a medium.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Reflecting Object
In radar, an air or surface contact that provides an echo.
Read in Glossary ↗Reflection
TYPE, CIRCULATOR-COUPLED AMPLIFIERS.
Read in Microwave Components and Circuits ↗Reflection Waves
Waves that are neither transmitted nor absorbed, but are reflected from the surface of the medium they encounter [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Reflector
The parasitic element of an array that causes maximum energy radiation in a direction toward the driven element [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Reflex Klystron
A klystron with a reflector (repeller) electrode in place of a second resonant cavity to redirect the velocity-modulated electrons back through the cavity which produced the modulation.
Read in Glossary ↗Refraction
The bending of rf waves as the waves pass through mediums of different density.
Read in Glossary ↗Refractive Index
The ratio of the phase velocity of a wave in free space to the phase velocity of the wave in a given substance (dielectric).
Read in Glossary ↗Regenerative Detector
A detector circuit that produces its own oscillations, heterodynes them with an incoming signal, and detects them.
Read in Glossary ↗Regenerative Feedback
The process by which a portion of the output power of an amplifying device is fed back to reinforce the input.
Read in Glossary ↗Registration Certificate
A federal cer- tificate that documents aircraft ownership.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Regulations)
Federal regulations pertaining to aviation activity.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Regulator
- TEMPERATURE REGULATOR ---------- --------- Fig.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 7 ↗Rejected
REFER TO ATTACHED TAG label is placed on the instrument and all other servicing labels removed.
Read in Test Equipment Administration and Use ↗Relative Bearing
Bearing of target measured in a clockwise direction from "dead ahead" of a ship or plane.
Read in Glossary ↗Relative Wind
The direction the wind strikes an airfoil.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Relay
An electromagnetic device with one or more sets of contacts which changes position by the magnetic attraction of a coil to an armature.
Read in Glossary ↗Reluctance
A measure of the opposition that a material offers to magnetic lines of force.
Read in Glossary ↗Remanence
(1) The magnetic flux density that remains in a magnetic circuit after removal of applied magnetomotive force.
Read in Glossary ↗Remember
AN UNDISCHARGED CAPACITOR RETAINS ITS POLARITY AND HOLDS ITS CHARGE FOR LONG PERIODS OF TIME.
Read in Power Supplies ↗Remote-Cutoff Tube
An electron tube in which the control grid wires are farther apart at the centers than at the ends.
Read in Glossary ↗Removable Fixed Disk
A hard-disk device (usually) with only one hard-disk platter that's used to record and retrieve data.
Read in Glossary ↗Reouired
POWER DEFICIENCY Revised January 1965 e.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 7 ↗Repeater
Another name for an active satellite.
Read in Glossary ↗Repeller
Sometimes called a reflector.
Read in Glossary ↗Reperforator
Equipment that converts the incoming tty signal and stores it on paper tape.
Read in Glossary ↗Reporting)
The Navy data processing system designed to provide a standardized system for the recall, scheduling, and documenting of test equipment into calibration facilities [16].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Reproduction
The process of converting electrical signals to sound waves.
Read in Glossary ↗Repulsion
The mechanical force tending to separate bodies having like electrical charges or like magnetic polarity.
Read in Glossary ↗Reradiation
The reception and retransmission of radio waves that is caused by turbulence in the troposphere [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Rescue Co
ORDINATION CENTRE [ICAO]− A unit responsible for promoting efficient organization of search and rescue service and for coordinating the conduct of search and rescue operations within a search and rescue region.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 8 ↗Residual Magnetism
Magnetism remaining in a substance after removal of the magnetizing force.
Read in Glossary ↗Resistance
(1) The property of a conductor which determines the amount of current that will flow as the result of the application of a given electromotive force.
Read in Glossary ↗Resistance-Capacitance
INDUCTANCE (RCL) BRIDGES Resistance, capacitance, and inductance can be measured with precise accuracy by alternating- current bridges.
Read in Common Test Equipment ↗Resistive
CAPACITIVE (RC) FEEDBACK OSCILLATOR As mentioned earlier, resistive-capacitive (RC) networks provide regenerative feedback and determine the frequency of operation in RESISTIVE-CAPACITIVE (RC) OSCILLATORS.
Read in Oscillators ↗Resistivity
(See coating resistance.
Read in Glossary ↗Resistor
The electrical component which offers resistance to the flow of current.
Read in Glossary ↗Resolution (Dynamic Range)
The average peak-to-peak signal amplitude at the maximum flux reversal divided by the average peak-to-peak signal amplitude at the minimum flux reversal at the desired recording method.
Read in Glossary ↗Resolver
A rotary, electromechanical device used to perform trigonometric computations by varying the magnetic couplings between its primary and secondary windings.
Read in Glossary ↗Resonance
The co ndition existing in a circuit when the values of inductance, capacitance, and the applied frequency are such that the inductive reactance and capacitive reactance cancel each other.
Read in Glossary ↗Resonant
CAVITY COAXIAL SYSTEMS, WAVEGUIDE SYSTEMS, and HYBRID RINGS.
Read in Radar Subsystems ↗Resonant Circuit
A circuit that contains both inductance and capacitance and is resonant at one frequency (XL = XC).
Read in Glossary ↗Resonant Frequency
That frequency in a given resonant circuit at which the inductive and capacitive values are equal and cancel each other.
Read in Glossary ↗Resonant Line
A transmission line that has standing waves of current and voltage [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Responsibility Respe Cting Terrain And Obstruction Clear
ANCE, VORTEX EXPOSURE, AND WEATHER MINIMUMS, APPROACH CONTROL SHOULD BE SO ADVISED AND A REVISED CLEARANCE OR INSTRUCTION OBTAINED.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 2 ↗Rest Frequency
The carrier frequency during the constant-amplitude portions of a phase modulation signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Rest Position
See REFERENCE LINE [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Rest Time (Rt)
The time when there is no pulse; nonpulse time [12].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Restricted Or Private
(Soft surfaced runway, or hard surfaced runway less than 1500’ in length.
Read in Complete Aeronautical Chart Users' Guide — Part 2 ↗Resultant Magnetic Field
The magnetic field produced in a synchro by the combined effects of the three stator magnetic fields.
Read in Glossary ↗Resultant Relative Wind
Airflow from rotation that is modified by induced flow.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Retentivity
The maximum value of residual flux density corresponding to saturation flux density.
Read in Glossary ↗Retreating Blade
Any blade, located in a semicircular part of the rotor disc, where the blade direction is oppo- site to the direction of flight.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Retreating Blade Stall
A stall that begins at or near the tip of a blade in a helicopter because of the high angles of attack required to com- pensate for dissymmetry of lift.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Return
The rf signal reflected back from a radar target; echo.
Read in Glossary ↗Return-To
BIAS (RB) ENCODING The RB encoding method uses magnetic tape that is pre-set to one of the two polarities (+ or -).
Read in Digital Magnetic Tape Recording ↗Rev
used in the aviation industry: troubleshooting flowcharts and logic flowcharts.
Read in Drawing Standards and Illustration ↗Reverberation
The multiple reflections of sound waves [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Reverse Agc
The type of agc that causes an amplifier to be driven toward cut-off.
Read in Glossary ↗Reverse Bias
When an external voltage is applied to a PN junction and the junction offers a high resistance to current flow.
Read in Glossary ↗Reversed Command
I-- REGION OF NORMAL COMMAND VELOCITY, KNOTS Figure 6.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 7 ↗Revisions
ITEM 8 6 S-TEC 5 S-TEC 12 S-TEC 1 3 -03 S-TEC 1 2 -02 S-TEC 1 -01 S-TEC D C AA B C D 12345678 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 TITLE: SIZE Drawing No.
Read in Drawing Types and Document Control ↗Rf (Radio Frequency) Amplifier
An amplifier designed to amplify signals with frequencies between 10 kilohertz (10 kHz) and 100,000 megahertz (100,000 MHz).
Read in Glossary ↗Rf (Radio Frequency) Transformer
A transformer specially designed for use with rf (radio frequencies).
Read in Glossary ↗Rf Impedance Bridge
A piece of test equipment used for measuring the combined resistance and reactance of a component, piece of equipment, or system at rf frequencies.
Read in Glossary ↗Rf Radiation Hazard
Health hazard caused by exposure to electromagnetic radiation or high energy particles (ions).
Read in Glossary ↗Rgk
The symbol used to express the resistance between the grid and the cathode of an electron tube [6].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Rheostat
(1) A resistor whose value can be varied.
Read in Glossary ↗Rho
Greek letter “rho” (ρ).
Read in Glossary ↗Rhombic Antenna
A diamond-shaped antenna used widely for long-distance, high-frequency transmission and reception [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Ribs
The parts of an aircraft wing structure that give the wing its aerodynamic cross section.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Right
HAND RULE FOR MOTORS (fig.
Read in Direct Current Motors ↗Right Aft Radio Rack
SHELF 1 18 11 10 E B C D 9 8 20 28 30 28 30 28 30 34 27 29 27 29 27 29 33 44 51 56 57 61 62 24 1 2 3 50 49 47 34 46 6B 12B A9 43 20 18 2 1 3 1 2 1 2 1 32 – 61 – 00 27 – 61 – 11 WIRING DIAGRAM determine what each circle represents.
Read in Lines, Symbols, and Drawing Interpretation ↗Right-Of
WAY RULES: WATER OPERATIONS The right-of-way rules for operation on water are similar, but not identical, to the rules governing right- of-way between aircraft in flight.
Read in Chapter 1 — Rules, Regulations, and Aids for Navigation ↗Rigid Coaxial Line
A coaxial line consisting of a central insulated wire (inner conductor) mounted inside of a tubular outer conductor [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Rigid Rotor
A rotor system permitting blades to feather but not flap or hunt.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Rigidity
The tendency of the spin axis of a gyro wheel to remain in a fixed direction in space if no force is applied to it.
Read in Glossary ↗Ring Time
In radar, the time during which the output of an echo box remains above a specified level [18].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Ringing
Rf oscillations caused by shock excitation of a resonant circuit (cavity).
Read in Glossary ↗Ripple Frequency
The frequency of the ripple current.
Read in Glossary ↗Ripple Voltage
The alternating component of unidirectional voltage.
Read in Glossary ↗Risers
One of several straps that attach the cart to the suspension lines.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Risk Elements
The four fundamental areas of exposure to risk: the pilot, the aircraft, the envi- ronment, and the type of operation that comprise any given aviation situation.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Risk Management
The part of the decision making process which relies on situational aware- ness, problem recognition, and good judgment to reduce risks associated with each flight.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Rl Differentiator
An RL circuit in which the output is taken from the inductor.
Read in Glossary ↗Rl Integrator
An RL circuit in which the output is taken from the resistor.
Read in Glossary ↗Rlc
circuits at resonance is given in table 1-1.
Read in Tuned Circuits ↗Rlc Circuit
An electrical circuit which has the pr operties of resistance, inductance, and capacitance.
Read in Glossary ↗Rly Bat
CPT ISLN RLY CPT - F/0 BUS TIE RLY GND PWR BAT.
Read in Circuit Protection and Electrical Systems ↗Rm Llws
15KT SFC-030 DURC RY22 JFK.
Read in Aviation Weather Services — Part 2 ↗Rms
Abbreviation of R oot Mean Square.
Read in Glossary ↗Rnav
direct routing, gateway waypoints, STAR origination points leaving the en route structure, and SID terminating points joining the en route structure.
Read in Appendix B — Acronyms — Part 2 ↗Rnav Dp
established for aircraft equipped with conventional avionics using ground-based NAVAIDs.
Read in Chapter 1 — Departure Procedures — Part 4 ↗Rnav Q
routes require en route RNAV 2, corresponding NAV/E2 code and PBN/C1-C4 based on navigation system update source.
Read in Chapter 1 — Departure Procedures — Part 5 ↗Rnp
certified aircraft operates.
Read in Chapter 11 — Emergency Operations — Part 5 ↗Roa - Dz
2A 1 1,6 A 0 86 V, •• See .
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 7 ↗Roll
The rotation of an aircraft about its longitu- dinal axis.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Rolladen-Schneider 15
6 None The glider's encounter with atmospheric conditions where the lift was not sufficient to maintain flight and subsequent water ditching.
Read in Chapter 13 — Human Factors — Part 2 ↗Rom
Acronym for read -only memory.
Read in Glossary ↗Root Mean Square (Rms)
The equivalent h eating value of an alternating current or voltage, as compared to a direct current or voltage.
Read in Glossary ↗Rot
80 AtRPlANE PERFORMANCE Induced drag predominates at speeds below the point of minimum total drag.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 2 ↗Rotary
DRIVE MACHINE This variable-speed, rotary power drive adapts to standard diameter shank drill bits, ball mills, wheels, disks, brushes, and mandrels for most drilling and abrasive removal techniques (figure 2-5).
Read in Miniature/Microminiature (2M) Repair Program and High-Reliability Soldering ↗Rotary Cap
A spark gap, similar to a mechanically driven rotary switch, used to discharge a pulse- forming network [12].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Rotary Gap
Similar to a mechanically driven switch.
Read in Glossary ↗Rotary Switch
A multicontact switch with contacts arranged in a circular or semi-circular manner.
Read in Glossary ↗Rotating
ARMATURE ALTERNATORS The rotating-armature alternator is similar in construction to the dc generator in that the armature rotates in a stationary magnetic field as shown in figure 3-1, view A.
Read in Alternating Current Generators ↗Rotating Armature
ALTERNATOR is essentially a loop rotating through a stationary magnetic fealties cutting action of the loop through the magnetic field generates ac in the loop.
Read in Alternating Current Generators ↗Rotating Field
The magnetic field in a multiphase ac motor that is the result of field windings being energized by out-of-phase voltages.
Read in Glossary ↗Rotating Joint
A joint that permits one section of a transmission line or waveguide to rotate continuously with respect to another while passing energy through the joint.
Read in Glossary ↗Rotational Delay
The time required for the read/write head to find a specified record on a disk, diskette, or drum once head positioning has occurred.
Read in Glossary ↗Rotational Velocity
The component of relative wind produced by the rotation of the rotor blades.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Rotor
A complete system of rotating airfoils creating lift for a heli- copter or gyroplane.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Rotor Brake
A device used to stop the rotor blades during shutdown.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Rotor Force
The force pro- duced by the rotor in a gyroplane.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Roundout (Flare)
A pitch-up during landing approach to reduce rate of descent and forward speed prior to touchdown.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Rpk
The symbol used to represent the resistance between the cathode and plate of a tube [6].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Rpm
operation at low rotor RPM necessitates the use of higher blade pitch to get a given thrust from the rotor, thus a higher angle of attack 3.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 8 ↗Rsa
5 and RSA-10 series fuel injection servos since August 22, 2006, are made of a di fferent material than the previous gasket part number used.
Read in Chapter 8 — Part 2 ↗Rtl (Resistor
TRANSISTOR LOGIC) In this type of logic, inputs are applied to resistors, and the output is produced by a transistor.
Read in Special Logic Circuits ↗Rts
the signature, certificate number, and type of certificate of the person who is approving the work for RTS Note: Frequently, logbooks have a statement entered that ends something like this: “ … and is hereby returned to service.
Read in Performance, Records, and Inspections ↗Rudder
FIXED RUDDER-FREE RUDDER FLOAT -e ANGLE SIDESLIP ANGLE, p EFFECT OF ANGLE OF ATTACK HIGH ANGLE OF ATTACK SIDESLIP ANGLE, fla EFFECT OF MACH NUMBER SIDESLIP ANGLE, p Figure 4.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 6 ↗Run Length
LIMITED (RLL) ENCODING The RLL method of encoding digital data onto a disk is actually a refinement of the MFM encoding method.
Read in Magnetic Disk Recording ↗Running Lights
CAF\ RUNNING LIGHTS - ENVELOPE INDICATOR LIGHTS SIGNAL LIGHT ~R LIGHTING NAVIGATOR'S LIGHT RADIO TABLE LIGHT PANEL -INCANDESCENT PANEL - ULTRA VIOLET F-RADIO MAIN TRANSMITTER TRANSMIT STANDBY MAIN RECEIVER INTRA-SQUAD - ---- ·--··---- TRANSMITTER _ _ TRAJ::!
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 7 ↗Running Open
The teletypewriter condition where the type hammer constantly strikes the type box but does not print or move across the page.
Read in Glossary ↗Running/Roll
ON LANDING Use a shallow approach and running landing when a high-density altitude or a high gross weight condition, or some combination thereof, is such that a normal or steep approach cannot be made because of insufficient power to hover.
Read in Chapter 10 — Advanced Maneuvers — Part 1 ↗Runw Ay
A defined rectangular area on a land airport prepared for the landing and takeoff run of aircraft along its length.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Runw Ay Incursion
Any occurrence at an airport involving an aircraft, vehicle, person, or object on the ground that creates a collision hazard or results in loss of separation with an aircraft tak- ing off, intending to takeoff, landing, or intending to land.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Rvr
the RVR visibility readout values obtained from RVR equipment serving the runway touchdown zone.
Read in Chapter 1 — Departure Procedures — Part 2 ↗Rvr)
one-half airplane Category A visibility but no less than 1⁄4 SM/1,200 RVR.
Read in Chapter 7 — Helicopter Instrument Procedures — Part 1 ↗Rwy Gs/ Tch/ Rpi Cat M Da-Vis Haa Ceil-Vis Cat M Da
VIS HAA CEIL-VIS 16 DEC N 2011 RADAR MINS ASHEVILLE, NC V E L E) A A F ( 8 9 9 1 , 8 1 V O N , A 5 .
Read in Chapter 4 — Approaches — Part 8 ↗Rwy Gs/Tch/Rpi Cat Mda-Vi S Haa Ceil-Vi S Cat Mda
VI S HAA CEIL-VI S PAR 7 2.
Read in Chapter 10 — IFR Flight — Part 3 ↗Rwy Gs/Tch/Rpi Cat Mda-Vis Haa Ceil
VIS ASR 33R ABCD 380-¾ 338 (400-¾) 6L AB 620-1 573 (600-1) Figure 10-10.
Read in Chapter 10 — IFR Flight — Part 3 ↗Rz Recording
(See digital recording.
Read in Glossary ↗S (607 9
+2S-f) · I TILT CHAJA · (C R.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 7 ↗S Law
Also called the law of electric charges or the law of electrostatic attraction.
Read in Glossary ↗S Laws
(1) The algebraic sum of the currents flowing toward any point and the current flowing from that point in an electric network is zero.
Read in Glossary ↗S Operating Handbook (Poh)
A document developed by the aircraft manufacturer and contains the FAA approved Aircraft Flight Manual (AFM) information.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗S Second Law Of Motion
If an unbalanced outside force acts on a body, the resulting acceleration is directly proportional to the magnitude of the force, is in the direction of the force, and is inversely proportional to the mass of the body.
Read in Glossary ↗S Theorem
this theorem consists of two parts: (1) AB = A + B and (2) A + B = A B (Look at the fourth and eighth sets of gates in table 2-4).
Read in Boolean Algebra ↗S Theory
A theory of magnetism which assumes that all magnetic material is composed of many tiny magnets.
Read in Glossary ↗S-Lsa (Special Light-Sport Aircraft)
An aircraft issued a special airworthiness cer- tificate in accordance with 14 CFR 21.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗S-N-A
P, which stands for Shipboard Non-Tactical ADP Program.
Read in Operational Concepts ↗S/N 34
E4, 34-7250001 through 34-7250214 (See NOTE 3) (+86.
Read in Center of Gravity and Airplane Loading ↗S0752-Aa-Spn
010/SCLSIS, Naval Sea Systems Command, Washington, DC, 1988.
Read in References ↗S52
"') · RACK INS TALLA~~oO,:?
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 7 ↗Sae As 8015B
Minimum Performance Standards for Parachute Assemblies and Components with Personnel PIA TS 135—Performance Standards for Personnel Parachute Assemblies and Components (pages A-26 – A-43) • Revised Appendix A: updated page numbering for all documents (pages A3 – A-65).
Read in Chapter 6 ↗Safety And Operational Tips
Includes optional information from the manufacturer of a general nature addressing safety practices and procedures.
Read in Chapter 19 — Rotorcraft Flight Manual — Gyroplane ↗Sailing
Using the wind as the main motive force while on the water.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Salient
POLE ROTOR and the DRUM or WOUND ROTOR.
Read in Synchros ↗Sar
See SEARCH AND RESCUE.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Satellite
SUN CONJUNCTION (increased noise while the satellite passes near the sun), SATELLITE ECLIPSE 4-15 (absence of power from solar cells), and satellite failures.
Read in Introduction to Satellite Communications ↗Satellite Eclipse
An eclipse where the rays of the sun don't reach the satellite.
Read in Glossary ↗Satellite-Sun Conjunction
A period when the satellite and sun are close together and the noise from the sun prevents or hampers communications.
Read in Glossary ↗Saturable
CORE REACTOR or SATURABLE REACTOR.
Read in Special Amplifiers ↗Saturable-Core Reactor
A coil whose reactance is controlled by changing the permeability of the core.
Read in Glossary ↗Saturation
The point in a tube where a further increase in plate voltage no longer produces an increase in plate current.
Read in Glossary ↗Saturation (Magnetic Core)
The condition in which a magnetic material has reached a maximum flux density and the permeability has decreased to a value of (approximately) 1.
Read in Glossary ↗Saturation Flux Density
(1) The maximum intrinsic flux density possible in a sample of magnetic material.
Read in Glossary ↗Sawtooth
and TRAPEZOIDAL-WAVE GENERATORS.
Read in Waveforms and Wave Generators ↗Sb 20-01
00 is complied with: Forward Limits: 138.
Read in Chapter 2 — Weight and Balance Theory — Part 2 ↗Sb)
the distance the jaws of a brake must be setback from the mold line to form a bend.
Read in Sheet Metal Forming Concepts ↗Sb-914
027 1,000 hours to 1,200 hours or 12 years, whichever comes first None SB-914-027 1,000 hours to 1,200 hours or 12 years, whichever comes first to 4,420.
Read in Light-Sport Engine Requirements and Authorization ↗Scaling Factor
The term used to describe the use of unequal resistors in a servo's summing network to compensate for differences between input and output signal levels.
Read in Glossary ↗Scanning
The process of subdividing a picture in an orderly manner into segments.
Read in Glossary ↗Scat Code
A four-digit subcategory code used to identify the functional measurement parameters that can be satisfied by any one of many pieces of test equipment [16].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Scat Codes
A four-digit subcategory code used to identify the functional measurement parameters that can be satisfied by any one of many pieces of test equipment.
Read in Glossary ↗Scatter Angle
The angle at which the receiving antenna must be aimed to capture the scattered energy of tropospheric scatter [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Scf
PP)–This category includes a variety of hazards, some which the pilot or operator may not easily identify.
Read in Appendix B — Part 1 ↗Schematic
A diagram that shows, in graphic symbols, the electrical connections and functions of a specific circuit arrangement.
Read in Glossary ↗Schematic Circuit Diagram
A circuit diagram in which component parts are represented by simple, easily drawn symbols.
Read in Glossary ↗Schematic Diagram
FUEL SYSTEf'f~'AIRSHIP TRANSFERRING FUEL FROM F0RWARD TO AFT STORAGE- TANKS WHILE FEEDING ENGINES FROM SERVICE TANKS Open outlet valves of tank from which it is desired _to transfer fuel.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 6 ↗Schematic Diagram-Fuel System
"~"AIRSHIP EMERGENCY PUMP & STRAINER UNIT.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 6 ↗Schematic Symbols
A letter, abbreviation, or design used to represent specific characteristics or components on a schematic diagram.
Read in Glossary ↗Scintillation
Apparent change in target reflectivity.
Read in Glossary ↗Score-And
BREAK method is the basic fiber cleaving technique for preparing optical fibers for coupling.
Read in Optical Splices, Connectors, and Couplers ↗Scratch
A long, narrow, straight defect in the top surface of a head track or a tape.
Read in Glossary ↗Screen Grid
A grid placed between a control grid and the plate and usually maintained at a fixed positive potential [6].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Screen Grin
A grid placed between a control grid and the plate and usually maintained at a positive potential.
Read in Glossary ↗Screening
Process of applying nonconductive or semiconductive materials to a substrate to form thick film components.
Read in Glossary ↗Sd 57117
5057 Ink, Marking (for parachutes and other textile items) A-A-59211 (21Jul/98) Supersedes MIL-I-6903C (5Mar/68) American Writing Ink Co.
Read in Chapter 5 — Part 6 ↗Se000-00-Eim
160 EQUIPMENT-ORIENTED Communications SE000-00-EIM-010 Radar SE000-00-EIM-020 Sonar SE000-00-EIM-030 Test Equipment SE000-00-EIM-040 Radiac 0967-000-0050 Countermeasures SE000-00-EIM-07 1-143 ENGINEERING INFORMATION BULLETIN (EIB).
Read in The Technician's Handbook ↗Sea
Waves generated by the existing winds in the area.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Sea Clutter
Unwanted echoes from the irregular surface of the sea that appear on a radar indicator.
Read in Glossary ↗Sea W Ard
The direction away from shore.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Seaplane
An airplane designed to operate from water.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Search And Rescue (Sar)
A lifesaving service provided through the combined efforts of the federal agencies signatory to the National SAR plan along with state agencies.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Search Radar System
Early -warning device that searches a fixed volume of space.
Read in Glossary ↗Seb-25
03, dated February 17, 2015, to address this concern.
Read in Advisory Circulars and Airworthiness Directives ↗Secas (Ship Equipment Configuration Accounting System)
The Navy system that keeps track of the configuration of equipment in the fleet [16].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Second Detector (Demodulator)
The part of the receiver that separates the audio or video component from the modulated intermediate frequency [18].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Second Detector Demodulator
The part of the receiver that separates the audio or video component from the modulated intermediate frequency.
Read in Glossary ↗Second-Sweep Echoes
See Ambiguous Returns.
Read in Glossary ↗Secondary
The output coil of a transformer.
Read in Glossary ↗Secondary Cell
A cell that can be recharged by passing a current through the cell in a direction opposite to the discharge current.
Read in Glossary ↗Secondary Emission
The liberation of electrons from an element, other than the cathode, as a result of being struck by other high-velocity electrons.
Read in Glossary ↗Secondary Loop
In a cooling system, the loop that transfers the heat from the heat source (electronic equipment) to the primary loop; usually distilled water.
Read in Glossary ↗Secondary Storage
See storage, secondary.
Read in Glossary ↗Secondary Swells
Those swell systems of less height than the primary swell.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Section A
A SECTION B-B provide the part number, name of the part, material the part is to be constructed of, the quantity required, and the source of the part or material.
Read in Drawing Types and Document Control ↗Sectional Aeronautical Charts
Designed for visual navigation of slow or me- dium speed aircraft.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Sectional Chart Side
1:500,000 NAVIGATIONAL FLIGHT PLOTTER 350 170 190 10 40 230 50 240 NAUTICAL 5 MILES 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 NAUTICAL 85 MILES 0 STATUTE 5 MILES 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 9585 100 90 DEGREES Figure 11-3.
Read in Chapter 11 — Cross-Country Soaring — Part 1 ↗Sectors
The pie -shaped segments of a disk's recording surface.
Read in Glossary ↗See And A Void
When weather conditions permit, pilots operating IFR or VFR are required to observe and maneuver to avoid other aircraft.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Segment
FED LOOP METHOD is shown in figure 2-35C.
Read in Microwave Components and Circuits ↗Segmented Circle
A visual indicator around a windsock or tetrahedron designed to show the traffic pattern for each runway.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Selectivity
The ability of a receiver to select the desired signal and reject unwanted signals.
Read in Glossary ↗Selenium
A chemical element which has rectification and light-sensitive properties that make it widely used as a semiconductor material.
Read in Glossary ↗Self
EXCITED or EXTERNALLY EXCITED.
Read in Basic Meters ↗Self-Bias
The voltage developed by the flow of vacuum-tube current through a resistor in a grid or cathode lead.
Read in Glossary ↗Self-Excited Generators
Dc generators in which the generator output is fed to the field to produce field excitation.
Read in Glossary ↗Self-Excited Meter
A term used to describe meters that operate from their own power sources.
Read in Glossary ↗Self-Inductance
The process by which a circuit induces an emf into itself by its own moving magnetic field.
Read in Inductance ↗Self-Induction
Th e production of a counter-electromotive force in a conductor when its own magnetic field collapses or expands with a change in current in the conductor SINE WAVE—The curve traced by the projection on a uniform time scale of the end of a rotating arm, or vector.
Read in Glossary ↗Self-Luminous Bodies
Objects that produce their own light [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Self-Synchronized Radar
A type of radar in which the timing pulses are generated within the transmitter.
Read in Glossary ↗Semiconductor
REACTANCE MODULATOR is used to frequency modulate low-power semiconductor transmitters.
Read in Angle and Pulse Modulation ↗Semiconductor Light
EMITTING DIODES AND LASER DIODES Semiconductor LEDs emit incoherent light.
Read in Optical Sources and Fiber Optic Transmitters ↗Semirigid Rotor
A rotor sys- tem in which the blades are fixed to the hub but are free to flap and feather.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Sensitivity
In reference to test equipment, the ratio of the response of the test equipment to the magnitude of the measured quantity.
Read in Glossary ↗Sensitivity Of A Microphone
Efficiency of a microphone.
Read in Glossary ↗Sensitivity Time Control (Stc)
A circuit that varies the gain of a receiver as a function of time.
Read in Glossary ↗Separation Loss
The loss in output that occurs when the surface of the coating of a magnetic tape fails to make perfect contact with the surface of the record or reproduce head.
Read in Glossary ↗Sequential
ACCESS STORAGE is associated with punched cards, paper tape, and magnetic tape.
Read in Data Representation and Communications ↗Sequential Access
A storage technique in which the stored items of information become available only in a one after the other sequence, whether or not all the information or only some of it is desired.
Read in Glossary ↗Serial
PARALLEL DIGITAL MAGNETIC TAPE RECORDING FORMAT This format is more complex.
Read in Digital Magnetic Tape Recording ↗Series
PARALLEL network of cells must be used.
Read in Batteries ↗Series Circuit
An arrangement where electrical devices are connected so that the total current must flow through all the devices; electrons have one path to travel from the negative terminal to the positive terminal.
Read in Glossary ↗Series Grid
LEAK BIAS circuit shown in figure 1-26 operates similarly to the shunt grid-leak circuit.
Read in Introduction to Electron Tubes ↗Series Limiter
The diode is connected in series with the output and the output is taken across the resistor.
Read in Glossary ↗Series Peaking
A technique used to improve high-frequency response in which a peaking coil is placed in series with the output signal path.
Read in Glossary ↗Series Voltage Regulator
A regulator with a regulating device that is in series with the load resistance.
Read in Glossary ↗Series- (Voltage
) DIODE DETECTOR has a rectifier diode that is in series with the input voltage and the load impedance.
Read in Demodulation ↗Series-Connected Duplexer
Configuration in which the tr spark gap is connected in series in one leg of the transmission line one-half wavelength away from the T- junction.
Read in Glossary ↗Series-Diode Detector
The semiconductor diode in series with the input voltage and the load impedance.
Read in Glossary ↗Series-Fed Oscillator
An oscillator in which dc power is supplied to the amplifier through the tank circuit or a portion of the tank circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Series-Negative Limiter
The diode is connected in series with the output and the output is taken across the resistor.
Read in Glossary ↗Series-Parallel Circuit
A circuit that consists of both series and parallel networks.
Read in Glossary ↗Series-Positive Limiter
The diode is connected in series with the output and the output is taken across a resistor.
Read in Glossary ↗Series-Resonant Circuit
A resonant circuit in which the source voltage is connected in series with a capacitor and an inductor (also in series) to furnish a low impedance at the frequency at which the circuit is resonant.
Read in Glossary ↗Series-Wound Motors And Generators
Machines in which the armature and field windings are connected in series with each other.
Read in Glossary ↗Service (Hiw As)
Recorded weather forecasts broadcast to airborne pilots over selected VORs.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Servo Amplifier
An ac or dc amplifier used in servo systems to build up signal strength.
Read in Glossary ↗Servo Motor
An ac or dc motor used in servo systems to move a load to a desired position or at a desired speed.
Read in Glossary ↗Servo System
An automatic feedback control system that compares a required condition (desired value, position, etc.
Read in Glossary ↗Servoamplifier
Either ac or dc amplifiers used in servosystems to build up signal strength.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Servomotor
An ac or dc motor used in servosystems to move a load to a desired position or at a desired speed.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Servosystem
An automatic feedback control system that compares a required condition (desired value, position, and so forth) with an actual condition and uses the difference to drive a control device to achieve the required condition [15].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Set
A unit or units and the assemblies, subassemblies, and parts connected or associated together to perform a specific function.
Read in Glossary ↗Setting
SPEED FOR MINIMUM ,REQUlRED POWER SETTING.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 7 ↗Settling With Power
See vortex ring state.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Sexadecimal
Same as HEXADECIMAL [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Sfc
240 chart was replaced with a two-panel chart.
Read in Aviation Weather Services — Part 4 ↗Sgs 1
35 Fatal The pilot's low-altitude release from tow for reasons that could not be determined, and his subsequent exceedance of the glider's critical angle of attack while returning to the runway, which resulted in an aerodynamic stall and impact with terrain.
Read in Chapter 13 — Human Factors — Part 2 ↗Sgs 2
33 SGS 1-26 ASK 21 93 mph 87 mph 98 mph 95 mph 108 mph 81 knots 76 knots 85 knots 83 knots 94 knots Maximum Aero Tow Speed MPH Knots Figure 12-6.
Read in Chapter 12 — Towing — Part 1 ↗Shadow
A dead spot (minimum radiation) caused by the physical obstruction of transmitted waves by a feed horn.
Read in Glossary ↗Shaft Turbine
A turbine engine used to drive an output shaft commonly used in helicopters.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Shallow-Banked Turn
Turns in which the bank (less than approximately 20 degrees) is so shallow that inherent lateral stability of the PPC is acting to level the wings unless the pilot maintains the bank.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Shaping Circuit
A circuit which alters the shapes of input waveforms.
Read in Glossary ↗Sharp-Cutoff Tube
The opposite of a remote-cutoff tube.
Read in Glossary ↗Shedding
The loss of oxide or other particles from the coating or backing of a tape, usually causing contamination of the tape transport and, by redeposit, of the tape itself.
Read in Glossary ↗Shelf Life
The period of time that a cell or battery may be stored and still be useful.
Read in Glossary ↗Shft Sync Wx
10 3330 24 2I I5 I2 6 3 M G P S 1 3 6 0 ILX 310° 5.
Read in Satellite Navigation and Avionics ↗Shielded Pair
A line consisting of parallel conductors separated from each other and surrounded by a solid dielectric [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Shielding
Technique designed to minimize internal and external interference.
Read in Glossary ↗Shipboard Non
TACTICAL ADP PROGRAM (SNAP) consists of computers used by work center supervisors for logistic and administrative support.
Read in Operational Concepts ↗Shipboard Receive
ONLY EQUIPMENT SYSTEMS The purpose of a shipboard receive-only system is to receive fleet multichannel teletypewriter broadcasts, which, as you recall from chapter 1, require no receipt.
Read in Introduction to Satellite Communications ↗Short
FIELD TAKEOFF Short-field takeoff and climb procedures may be required when the usable takeoff surface is short, or when it is restricted by obstructions, such as trees, powerlines, or buildings, at the departure end.
Read in Chapter 20 — Gyroplane Flight Maneuvers — Part 1 ↗Short Circuit
An unintentional current path between two components in a circuit or between a component and ground; usually caused by a circuit malfunction.
Read in Glossary ↗Short-Circuited Line
A transmission line that has a terminating impedance equal to 0 [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Shorts
Examine any terminal or connection that is close to the chassis or to any other terminal for the possibility of a short.
Read in Power Supplies ↗Shunt
DIODE DETECTOR (figure 3-6) is similar to the series-diode detector except that the output variations are current pulses rather than voltage pulses.
Read in Demodulation ↗Shunt Peaking
A technique used to improve high-frequency response in which a peaking coil is placed in parallel (shunt) with the output signal path.
Read in Glossary ↗Shunt Resistor
A resistor in parallel.
Read in Glossary ↗Shunt Voltage Regulator
A regulator whose regulating device is in parallel with the load resistance.
Read in Glossary ↗Shunt- (Current
) DIODE DETECTOR is characterized by a rectifier diode in parallel with the input and load impedance.
Read in Demodulation ↗Shunt-Diode Detector
A diode detector in which the diode is in parallel with the input voltage and the load impedance.
Read in Glossary ↗Shunt-Fed Oscillator
An oscillator which receives its dc power for the transistor or tube through a path both separate from and parallel to the tank circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Shunt-Wound Motors And Generators
Machines in which the armature and field windings are connected in parallel (shunt) with each other.
Read in Glossary ↗Siemans
The new and preferred term for mho.
Read in Glossary ↗Siemens
The new and preferred term for MHO [1].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Sigmet
Example Chapter 26, Advisories 26-10 Table 26-2.
Read in Chapter 26 — Advisories — Part 2 ↗Signal
The angle through which a synchro transmitter rotor is mechanically turned.
Read in Glossary ↗Signal Distortion
Any unwanted change to the signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Signal-To
NOISE RATIO Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is the first magnetic tape recorder specification we’ ll describe.
Read in Magnetic Tape Recording Specifications ↗Signal-To-Noise Ratio
(1) The ratio of the power output of a given signal to the noise power in a given bandwidth.
Read in Glossary ↗Significant Sidebands
Those sidebands with significantly large amplitude.
Read in Glossary ↗Silicon
A metallic element which, in its pure state, is used as a semiconductor.
Read in Glossary ↗Silicon Bipolar
TRANSISTOR AMPLIFIERS in integrated circuit form have been developed that provide up to 40 watts peak power in the 1- to 1.
Read in Microwave Components and Circuits ↗Silicon-Controlled Rectifier (Scr)
A semiconductor device that functions as an electrically controlled switch.
Read in Glossary ↗Silicone
Silicone is a rubber compound that does not carry the "R" designator for many of its applications.
Read in Electrical Conductors ↗Simultaneous (Converging) Dependent Approaches
An approach operation permitting ILS/RNAV/GLS approaches to runways or missed approach courses that intersect where required minimum spacing between the aircraft on each final approach course is required.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 8 ↗Simultaneous (Converging) Independent Approaches
An approach operation permitting ILS/RNAV/GLS approaches to non-parallel runways where approach procedure design maintains the required aircraft spacing throughout the approach and missed approach and hence the operations may be conducted independently.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 8 ↗Simultaneous (Parallel) Dependent Approa Ches
An approach operation permitting approaches to adjacent parallel runways where prescribed diagonal spacing must be maintained.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 8 ↗Sine
WAVE OSCILLATOR RC networks, LC tanks, and crystals may appear in sine-wave oscillator circuits.
Read in Oscillators ↗Sine Wave
The basic synchronous alternating waveform for all complex waveforms.
Read in Glossary ↗Sine Waves In Phase
When two sine waves are exactly in step with each other, they are said to be in phase.
Read in Concepts of Alternating Current ↗Sine Waves Out Of Phase
When two sine waves go through their minimum and maximum points at different times, a phase difference exists between them.
Read in Concepts of Alternating Current ↗Single
PHASE ALTERNATORS A generator that produces a single, continuously alternating voltage is known as a SINGLE-PHASE alternator.
Read in Alternating Current Generators ↗Single Line Diagram
A diagram which shows, by means of single lines and graphic symbols, the course of an electric circuit or system of circuits and the component devices or parts used therein [4].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Single Mode Graded
INDEX FIBERS There are several types of single mode graded-index fibers.
Read in Optical Fibers and Cables ↗Single Mode Step
INDEX FIBERS There are two basic types of single mode step-index fibers: matched clad and depressed clad.
Read in Optical Fibers and Cables ↗Single-Ended Mixer
See Unbalanced Crystal Mixer.
Read in Glossary ↗Single-Line Diagram
A diagram that shows, in single lines and graphic symbols, the course of an electric circuit or system of circuits and the component devices or parts used in the circuit(s).
Read in Glossary ↗Sister Keelsons
Structural members in the front portion of floats lying parallel to the keel and midway between the keel and chines, adding structural rigidity and adding to directional stability when on the water.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Situational Aw Areness
The accurate perception and understanding of all the factors and conditions within the four fundamental risk ele- ments that affect safety before, during, and after the flight.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Sk Bkn-Ovcunkn-Top060/Bkn120
TOP150/ SKC Base of a broken to overcast layer unknown, top 6,000 ft MSL , base of a broken layer 12,000 ft MSL, top 15,000 ft MSL, clear above.
Read in Chapter 24 — Observations — Part 4 ↗Sk Ovc
TOP085 Overcast layer, top 8,500 ft MSL.
Read in Chapter 24 — Observations — Part 4 ↗Sk Ovc015
TOP035/OVC230 Base of an overcast layer 1,500 ft MSL, top 3,500 ft MSL, base of an overcast layer 23,000 ft MSL.
Read in Chapter 24 — Observations — Part 4 ↗Sk Ovc065
TOPUNKN Base of an overcast layer 6,500 ft MSL, top unknown.
Read in Chapter 24 — Observations — Part 4 ↗Sk Ovc100
TOP110/ SKC Base of an overcast layer 10,000 ft MSL, top 11,000 ft MSL, clear above.
Read in Chapter 24 — Observations — Part 4 ↗Sk Sct-Bkn050
TOP100 Base of a scattered to broken layer 5,000 ft MSL, top 10,000 ft MSL.
Read in Chapter 24 — Observations — Part 4 ↗Sk-1
6420 >r) 1-'· Otl ~ ~ ~ o' (/) 'd PJ <D t-l ~ 'd tJ Pl cT Pl .
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 8 ↗Skeg
A robust extension of the keel behind the step which helps prevent the seaplane from tipping back onto the rear portion of the float.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Skew
A deviation of a line connecting the average displacement of the read or write track gaps from a line perpendicular to the reference edge of the tape in the direction of tape motion.
Read in Glossary ↗Skew Tape
(1) The continuous strings of "1" values written on a properly adjusted tape drive for the entire recoverable length of the tape.
Read in Glossary ↗Skid
A flight condition in which the rate of turn is too great for the angle of bank.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Skid Shoes
Plates attached to the bottom of skid landing gear pro- tecting the skid.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Skids-On-Floats
A type of helicopter float design where the rigid portion of the landing gear rests on the floats.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Skills And Procedures
The procedural, psychomotor, and perceptual skills used to control a specific aircraft or its systems.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Skin
The outside covering of an aircraft airframe.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Skin Effect
The tendency for alternating current to concentrate in the surface layer of a conductor.
Read in Glossary ↗Skin Friction Drag
The type of parasite drag resulting from a rough surface which deflects the streamlines of air on the surface, causing resis- tance to smooth airflow.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Skip Distance
The distance from a transmitter to the point where the sky wave is first returned to earth [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Skip Zone
A zone of silence between the point where the ground wave becomes too weak for reception and the sky wave is first returned to earth [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Skipping
Successive sharp bounces along the water surface caused by excessive speed or an improper planing attitude when the seaplane is on the step.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Sky Waves
Radio waves reflected back to earth from the ionosphere [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Sli R
118, this leg must be coded into the database using the VR value in the Path and Terminator field.
Read in Chapter 6 — Airborne Navigation Databases — Part 2 ↗Slip
A flight condition in which the rate of turn is too slow for the angle of bank.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Slip Rings
Contacts that are mounted on the shaft of a motor or generator to which the rotor windings are connected, and against which the brushes ride.
Read in Glossary ↗Slipstream
DYNAMIC PRESSURE AT TAIL AFFECTED BY SLIPSTREAM WING LIFT AFFECTED BY SLIPSTREAM FLOW INDUCED BY JET EXHAUST DOWNWASH AT TAIL Figure 4.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 6 ↗Slope Detector
A tank circuit tuned to a frequency, either slightly above or below an fm carrier frequency, that is used to detect intelligence.
Read in Glossary ↗Slot
Narrow opening in a waveguide wall used to couple energy in or out of the waveguide.
Read in Glossary ↗Smoking Parts
If any part smokes or if you hear any boiling or sputtering sounds, pull the plug immediately.
Read in Power Supplies ↗Smp-0029M1
10 Double Vacuum Debulk Cycle—Laminate Thickness <16 plies Vent outer box after 60 minutes Inner bag Full vacuum Outer box No vacuum Ramp rate 1 °F to 5 °F per minute Inner bag Full vacuum Outer box Full vacuum Hold at 125 °F for 150 minutes ± 5 minutes core degradation.
Read in Composite Fasteners, Machining, and Safety ↗Snap-Acting
Changing position quickly with the aid of a spring.
Read in Glossary ↗Soft
FIELD TAKEOFF A soft field may be defined as any takeoff surface that measurably retards acceleration during the takeoff roll.
Read in Chapter 20 — Gyroplane Flight Maneuvers — Part 1 ↗Soft Copy
Output of a computer displayed on a display terminal or monitor (crt).
Read in Glossary ↗Soft Metal Laminations
(See core material, soft.
Read in Glossary ↗Software
Programs, routines, codes, and other written informati on used to direct the operation of a computer; as distinguished from hardware.
Read in Glossary ↗Solder
FLOW PROCESS used with this interconnection method.
Read in Microelectronics ↗Soldering
The joining of metals with a higher melting point than solder.
Read in Glossary ↗Solenoid
An electromagnetic device that changes electrical energy into mechanical motion; based upon the attraction of a movable iron plunger to the core of an electromagnet.
Read in Glossary ↗Solid
One of the three states of matter which has definite volume and shape.
Read in Glossary ↗Solid-State Device
An electronic device which operates by the movement of electrons within a solid piece of semiconductor material.
Read in Glossary ↗Solidity Ratio
The ratio of the total rotor blade area to total rotor disc area.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Solo Flight
Flight that is conducted and logged when a pilot is the sole occupant of an aircraft.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Solving Combination
CIRCUIT PROBLEMS The basic technique used for solving dc combination-circuit problems is the use of equivalent circuits.
Read in Direct Current ↗Sonic
Pertaining to sounds capable of being heard by the human ear [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Sort
The process of arranging data records in a predefined sequence by use of sort keys; for example, to sequence personnel records by social security number (the sort key).
Read in Glossary ↗Sot
80 STABILITY AND CONTROL - “CONVENTIONAL’ TAIL WHEEL CONFIGURATION SIDE FORCE ON MAIN WHEELS CENTRIFUGAL FORCE TRICYCLE \\ CONFIGURATION --BALANCING NOSE WHEEL SIDE FORCE CENTRIFUGAL FORCE BICYCLE CONFIGURATION FORCE Figure 4.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 6 ↗Soundebuoy
ENGINE HEATER - OIL SERVICE TANK HEATER- AUXILIARY UNIT HEATER- ENGINE STARTER $TARTER - SOLENOIQ SWITCH MESHING - SOLE~OID_j)EVJCE BOOSTER COIL TRANSFER PUMPS -FUEL -LIGHTING LANDING LIGHT SPOTLIGHT RUNNING LIGHTS - CAF\ RUNNING LIGHTS - ENVELOPE 11\lr'\ lrA Tf"\0 1 lf.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 7 ↗Source
(1) The object that produces the waves or disturbance.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Source Data
The data in its initial state to be processed by a computer system.
Read in Glossary ↗Source Document
The document that contains the initial (raw) data for computer processing.
Read in Glossary ↗Source Program
A computer program written in a language like COBOL, FORTRAN, or assembly language.
Read in Glossary ↗Source Voltage
The device which furnishes the electrical energy used by a load.
Read in Glossary ↗Source-To
FIBER COUPLING EFFICIENCY and INSENSITIVITY TO MICROBENDING AND MACROBENDING LOSSES are distinguishing characteristics of multimode graded-index fibers.
Read in Optical Fibers and Cables ↗Space
Absence of an rf signal in cw keying.
Read in Glossary ↗Space Charge
An electrical charge distributed throughout a volume or space.
Read in Glossary ↗Space Diversity
Reception of radio waves by two or more antennas spaced some distance apart [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Space Wave
Radio waves that travel directly from the transmitter to the receiver and remain in the troposphere [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Spacing
The condition in teletypewriter operation where a circuit is open and no current flows.
Read in Glossary ↗Spaghetti Tubing
(See TRANSPARENT TUBING.
Read in Glossary ↗Span
The dimension of a rotor blade or airfoil from root to tip.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Spark
GAP MODULATOR consists of a circuit for storing energy, a circuit for rapidly discharging the storage circuit (spark gap), a pulse transformer, and an ac power source.
Read in Angle and Pulse Modulation ↗Spark-Gap Modulator
Modulator consists of a circuit for storing energy, a circuit for rapidly discharging the storage circuit (spark gap), a pulse transformer, and a power source.
Read in Glossary ↗Sparking
Tap or shake the chassis.
Read in Power Supplies ↗Spatial Disorientation
Specifically refers to the lack of orientation with regard to the posi- tion, attitude, or movement of the PPC in space.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Spdt)
route circuit current to either of two paths.
Read in Aircraft Lighting Systems ↗Special Purpose Electronic Test Equipment (Spete)
Test equipment that is specifically designed to generate, modify, or measure a range of electronic functions of a specific or peculiar nature on a single system or equipment.
Read in Glossary ↗Special Use Airspace
Airspace that exists where activities must be confined because of their nature.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Special-Purpose Computer
A computer designed to perform one specific function such as a weather computer.
Read in Glossary ↗Specific Gravity
The ratio between the density of a substance and that of pure water at a given temperature.
Read in Glossary ↗Specific Resistance
The resistance, measured in ohms, of a unit volume of a substance to the flow of electric current.
Read in Glossary ↗Spectrum
(1) The entire range of electromagnetic waves arranged in order of their frequencies.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Spectrum Analysis
The display of electromagnetic energy arranged according to wavelength or frequency.
Read in Glossary ↗Spectrum Analyzer
A test instrument that provides a visual display of the frequency distribution of a transmitter output.
Read in Glossary ↗Speed
The speed below which a gyroplane, the propeller of which is producing maximum thrust, loses alti- tude.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Spherical Wavefronts
Waves of energy that spread out in concentric circles [18].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Spin Vector
In a gyro, a vector representing the angular velocity of the gyro rotor.
Read in Glossary ↗Splatter
Unwanted sideband frequencies that are generated from overmodulation.
Read in Glossary ↗Splice
A joint formed by connecting two or more conductors.
Read in Glossary ↗Split Needles
A term used to describe the position of the two nee- dles on the engine/rotor tachometer when the two needles are not superim- posed.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Spoking
A buckling in which the tape pack is deformed into a shape that approximates a polygon.
Read in Glossary ↗Sponsons
Short, winglike pro- jections from the sides of the hull near the waterline of a flying boat.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Sporadic E Layer
Irregular, cloud-like patches of unusually high ionization.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Sport Pilot Certificate
An FAA-issued pilot certificate, allowing the holder to operate a light-sport aircraft in the category, class, make and model for which they are endorsed to do so.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Spray Rails
Metal flanges attached to the inboard forward por- tions of the chines to reduce the amount of water spray thrown into the propeller.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Spreader
Insulator used with transmission lines and antennas to keep the parallel wires separated [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Sprocket Tuner
Mechanical tuning device for magnetron tubes that changes the frequency of the cavities by changing the inductance.
Read in Glossary ↗Spst)
opens and closes a single circuit.
Read in Aircraft Lighting Systems ↗Square Mil
The area of a square, the sides of which are each equal to 1 mil.
Read in Glossary ↗Squelch
A circuit that cuts off the output of a receiver when there is no input.
Read in Glossary ↗Squirrel-Cage Windings
A type of rotor winding in which heavy conductors are imbedded in the rotor body.
Read in Glossary ↗Srm
See SINGLE PILOT RESOURCE MAN- AGEMENT.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Srm)
Area of human factors study that ad- dresses application of management skills in the cockpit.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Ssfor
PORTABLE INTERFACE UNIT JOB 4A D-4 FRAWB41 18.
Read in Human Factors and Accident Patterns ↗Ssr
equipped aircraft within airspace of over 30 miles in range and over 15,000 feet in elevation.
Read in Chapter 2 — The Air Traffic Control System — Part 2 ↗Stability
In a magnetron, the ability to maintain normal operating characteristics.
Read in Glossary ↗Stability And Control
UNSTABLE PITCH-UP NEUTRAL SEPARATION OR STALLTIP FIRST RD SHIFT OF VORTEX INCREASE IN LOCAL DDWNWAM AT TAIL : : 4b FUSELAGE CROSS- FLOW SEPARATION VORTICES INCREASE LOCAL DOWNWASH AT TAIL Figure 4.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 6 ↗Stabilized Approach
A landing approach in which the pilot establishes and maintains a constant angle glidepath towards a predetermined point on the landing runway.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Stage
One of a series of circuits within a single device; e.
Read in Glossary ↗Stagger Tuning
A method of klystron tuning in which the resonant cavities are tuned to slightly different frequencies to increase the bandwidth of the amplifier.
Read in Glossary ↗Stall
A rapid decrease in lift caused by the sepa- ration of airflow from the wing’s surface brought on by exceeding the critical angle of attack.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Standard
An exact value of an electrical quantity (established by international agreement), which serves as a model for measurement of that quantity.
Read in Glossary ↗Standard Airport Traffic Pattern
The left-hand turn traffic flow that is prescribed for air- craft landing at, taxiing on, or taking off from an airport.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Standard Atmosphere
A hypothetical atmosphere based on averages in which the surface temper- ature is 59°F (15°C), the surface pres- sure is 29.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Standard Reference Tape
A tape intended for daily calibration, the performance of which has been calibrated to the amplitude reference tape.
Read in Glossary ↗Standing
WAVE RATIO, abbreviated swr, is a way to measure the degree of mismatch between the transmission line and its load.
Read in Microwave Antennas ↗Standing Wave
The distribution of voltage and current along a transmission line formed by the incident and reflected waves, which has minimum and maximum points on a resultant wave that appears to stand still.
Read in Glossary ↗Standing Wave Ratio
The ratio of the maximum to the minimum amplitudes of corresponding components of a field, voltage, or current along a transmission line or waveguide in the direction of propagation measured at a given frequency.
Read in Glossary ↗Standing-Wave Ratio (Swr)
The ratio of the maximum (voltage, current) to the minimum (voltage, current) points of a transmission line.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Starboard
The right side or the direction to the right of a vessel.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Start
The first unit of a teletypewriter signal.
Read in Glossary ↗State-Of-The
ART MICROELECTRONICS.
Read in Microelectronics ↗Static
(1) A fixed nonvarying condition, without motion [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Static Electricity
Stationary electricity that is in the form of a charge.
Read in Glossary ↗Static Pressure
The pressure of air that is still, or not moving, measured perpendicular to the surface exposed to the air.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Static Stop
A device used to limit the blade flap, or rotor flap, at low r.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Stationary
LOBE SCANNING is the simplest type of scanning and is usually used in 2D search radar.
Read in Radar Fundamentals ↗Stationary-Lobe Scanning System
Antenna (with a single, stationary beam) that is rotated to obtain 360-degree coverage.
Read in Glossary ↗Stator
The stationary part of a rotating electrical machine.
Read in Glossary ↗Stc
approved fabrics with processes used to install polyester fabric coverings.
Read in Fabric Condition and Testing ↗Steady-State Flight
A con- dition when a rotorcraft is in straight- and-level, unaccelerated flight, and all forces are in balance.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Steel Tape
A second type of metallic armor is steel tape.
Read in Electrical Conductors ↗Steep Turn
Turn resulting from a degree of bank (45 degrees or more) at which the overbank- ing tendency of a PPC overcomes stability, and the bank increases unless the steering controls are applied to prevent it.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Steering Bars
Located just aft of the nose- wheel and mounted on each side of the aircraft, the steering bars move forward and back when the pilot applies foot pressure.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Steering Lines
Connected to the steering bars and routed through pulleys up to the trailing edge of the parachute.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Step
An abrupt break in the longitudinal lines of the float or hull, which reduces water drag and allows the pilot to vary the pitch attitude when running along the water’s surface.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Step Position
The attitude of the seaplane when the entire weight of the aircraft is supported by hydrodynamic and aerodynamic lift, as it is during high-speed taxi or just prior to takeoff.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Step-By
STEP (STEP) COUNTER is used as a voltage multiplier when a stepped voltage must be provided to any device which requires such an input.
Read in Wave Shaping ↗Step-By-Step Counter
A counter that provides an output for each cycle of the input in one-step increments [9].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Step-By-Step-Counter
A counter which provides an output for each cycle of the input in one- step increments.
Read in Glossary ↗Step-Down
A transformer so constructed that the number of turns in the secondary winding is less than the number of turns in the primary winding.
Read in Glossary ↗Step-Transmission System
A data transmission system that operates on direct current.
Read in Glossary ↗Step-Up
A transformer so constructed that the number of turns in the secondary winding is more than the number of turns in the primary winding.
Read in Glossary ↗Stereoscopic
ZOOM MICROSCOPE The stereoscopic-zoom microscope provides a versatile optical viewing system.
Read in Miniature/Microminiature (2M) Repair Program and High-Reliability Soldering ↗Stick-Slip
(1) A low-speed phenomenon.
Read in Glossary ↗Stickoff Voltage
A low voltage used in multispeed synchro systems to prevent false synchronizations.
Read in Glossary ↗Sticktion
The tape's adhering to transport components, such as heads or guides.
Read in Glossary ↗Stiffness
(1) The resistance to bending the tape.
Read in Glossary ↗Stop
crouch lower, or sit down and await assistance.
Read in Chapter 7 — Helicopter Performance — Part 2 ↗Stored Program
The set of instructions stored in computer memory for execution.
Read in Glossary ↗Stowage Container
OPERATING LIMITS: The minimum and maximum operating limits in Table 1 shall be marked/placarded on or attached to the outside of the parachute stowage container (pack).
Read in Chapter 5 — Part 7 ↗Straight
IN AUTOROTATION A straight-in autorotation implies an autorotation from altitude with no turns.
Read in Chapter 11 — Helicopter Emergencies — Part 1 ↗Straight-And
LEVEL FLIGHT Straight-and-level unaccelerated flight consists of maintaining the desired altitude, heading, airspeed, and pedal trim.
Read in Chapter 11 — Helicopter Emergencies — Part 4 ↗Straight-In Approach
Entry into the traffic pattern by interception of the extended runway centerline (final approach course) without execut- ing any other portion of the traffic pattern.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Stranded Conductor
A conductor composed of a group of wires.
Read in Glossary ↗Strands
Fine metallic filaments twisted together to form a single wire.
Read in Glossary ↗Strap
FED LOOP METHOD (figure 2-35D), intercepts the energy between the strap and the segment.
Read in Microwave Components and Circuits ↗Stratosphere
Located between the troposphere and the ionosphere; it has little effect on radio waves [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Stress Management
The personal analysis of the kinds of stress experienced while flying, the application of appropriate stress assessment tools, and other coping mechanisms.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Strobe
A high intensity white flashing light.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Stroboscope
An instrument that allows viewing of rotating or reciprocating objects by producing the optical effect of a slowing or stopping motion.
Read in Glossary ↗Stub
A short section of transmission line connected in parallel with the main transmission line.
Read in Glossary ↗Student Pilot Certificate
An FAA- issued certificate that permits student pilots to exercise solo pilot privileges with limitations.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Subassembly
Consists of two or more parts that form a portion of an assembly or a unit.
Read in Glossary ↗Subharmonic
An exact submultiple of the fundamental frequency.
Read in Glossary ↗Subroutine Library
A set of standard and proven computer routines that are kept on file for use at any time.
Read in Glossary ↗Subscriber
LOOP APPLICATIONS, system designers consider trade- offs in the following areas: fiber properties, types of connections, optical sources, and detector types.
Read in Background on Fiber Optics ↗Subsonic
\ SUPERSONIC Figure 4.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 5 ↗Substrate
Mounting surface for integrated circuits.
Read in Glossary ↗Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance
An irregular ionospheric disturbance that can totally blank out hf radio communications [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Summing Network
A combination of two or more parallel resistors used in servo systems as error detectors.
Read in Glossary ↗Superheterodyne Receiver
A type of receiver that uses a mixer to convert the rf echo to an IF signal for amplification.
Read in Glossary ↗Superhigh
FREQUENCY (shf) band is used for radar and satellite communications, whereas the EXTREMELY HIGH-FREQUENCY (ehf) band is used only in the experimental stage.
Read in Introduction to Radio-Frequency Communications ↗Superhigh Frequency
The band of frequencies from 3 gigahertz to 30 gigahertz.
Read in Glossary ↗Supersonic
(1) Speed greater than the speed of sound [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Supplements
Contains information necessary to safely and efficiently operate the gyroplane's various optional systems and equipment.
Read in Chapter 19 — Rotorcraft Flight Manual — Gyroplane ↗Support System
For a radar, a system that provides an auxiliary input, such as dry air, electrical power, or liquid cooling.
Read in Glossary ↗Suppression
The process of eliminating an undesired portion of a signal.
Read in Glossary ↗Surface
EMITTING LED (SLED),t h eEDGE-EMITTING LED (ELED),a n d the SUPERLUMINESCENT DIODE (SLD).
Read in Optical Sources and Fiber Optic Transmitters ↗Surface Treatment
Any process by which the surface smoothness of the tape coating is improved after it has been applied to the base film.
Read in Glossary ↗Surface Wave
Radio waves that travel along the contours of the earth, thereby being highly attenuated [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Suspension Lines
Lines that run from several attachment points on the wing down to a set of cables called risers, which connect to the PPC cart.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Svc Vor/Dme R
193 to KUNRE INT/SVC VOR/DME 24.
Read in Complete Aeronautical Chart Users' Guide — Part 7 ↗Swamping Resistor
A resistor used to increase or "broaden" the bandwidth of a circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Swell
Waves that continue after the generating wind has ceased or changed direction.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Swell Direction
The direction from which a swell is moving.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Swell Face
The side of the swell toward the observer.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Swell Length
The horizon- tal distance between successive crests.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Swell Period
The time interval between the passage of two successive crests at the same spot in the water, measured in seconds.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Swell Velocity
The velocity with which the swell advances with relation to a fixed reference point, measured in knots.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Swept
FREQUENCY TESTING EQUIPMENT SWEPT-FREQUENCY testing is used to determine the bandwidth, alignment, frequency response, impedance matching, and attenuation in various circuits, systems, and components.
Read in Waveform Interpretation ↗Swept-Frequency Testing
Testing the frequency response of a component or system by applying an rf signal, in which the frequency is varied back and forth through a set frequency range at a steady rate, to the input of a device.
Read in Glossary ↗Swim)
will provide a single infrastructure and information management system to deliver high quality, timely data to many users and applications.
Read in Chapter 5 — Improvement Plans — Part 1 ↗Switch
A device to connect, disconnect, or change the connections in an electrical circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Symmetrical Airfoil
An airfoil having the same shape on the top and bottom.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Symmetrical Multivibrator
Circuit that generates square waves.
Read in Glossary ↗Symptom Elaboration
Using built-in indicating instruments or other aids to define an equipment malfunction.
Read in Glossary ↗Symptom Recognition
Recognition of a situation in equipment operation that is not normal.
Read in Glossary ↗Synchro
A small motorlike device that operates like a variable transformer and is used primarily for the rapid and accurate transmission of data among equipments and stations.
Read in Glossary ↗Synchro Capacitor
A unit containing three delta-connected capacitors.
Read in Glossary ↗Synchro System
Two or more synchros interconnected electrically.
Read in Glossary ↗Synchro Tester
A synchro receiver with a calibrated dial.
Read in Glossary ↗Synchro Troubleshooting
The locating or diagnosing of synchro malfunctions or breakdowns by means of systematic checking or analysis.
Read in Glossary ↗Synchronizer
Circuit that supplies timing signals to other radar components.
Read in Glossary ↗Synchronizing Network
A circuit used in servo systems, also called a crossover or switching network, to sense how far the load is from the point of correspondence and then functions to switch the appropriate signal into control.
Read in Glossary ↗Synchronous
A type of teletypewriter operation where both transmitter and receiver operate continuously.
Read in Glossary ↗Synchronous Motor
An ac motor whose rotor is activated by dc.
Read in Glossary ↗Synchronous Orbit
An orbit in which the satellite moves or rotates at the same speed as the earth.
Read in Glossary ↗Synchronous Speed
The speed at which the rotating field in an ac motor revolves.
Read in Glossary ↗Synchronous Tuning
In a klystron amplifier, a method of tuning which tunes all the resonant cavities to the same frequency.
Read in Glossary ↗System
See articulated rotor sys- tem.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗T
~--~~r~n~l~s~h~~~d~w~i~th~L=a=w~r~an~c~e_U~n=i~~_!
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 7 ↗T A 12
to 18-hour categorical outlook for IFR is included in the description of significant clouds and weather.
Read in Chapter 3 — Overview of Aviation Weather Information — Part 4 ↗T Flip
FLOP ¾ A single input flip-flop that changes state with each positive pulse or each negative pulse.
Read in Glossary ↗T)
Service Volume Receive & Transmit on 122.
Read in Complete Aeronautical Chart Users' Guide — Part 5 ↗T-41
3 28 Cand-Bay 1068-23 302 T-4l 3 28 Cand-Bay 1068-18 303 G-6 6 28 Cand-Bay 1068-18 303 G-6 6 28 Cand-Bay 1068-18 303 G-6 6 28 Cand-Bay 305 S-8 15 28 Cand-Bay 305 S-8 15 28 Cand-Bay 305 S-8 15 28 Cand-Bay 305 S-8 15 28 Cand-Bay 309 S-11 32 28 Cand-Bay • 9A 22 Pref-Flange ?
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 8 ↗T-D
F The variation of the net accelerating force throughout the takeoff roll is shown in figure 2.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 4 ↗T0
T8), you will see that the output of the circuit remains at a constant zero.
Read in Special Amplifiers ↗T10
artificially aged and then cold-worked Additional digits may be added to T1 through T10 to indicate a variation in treatment, which significantly alters the characteristics of the product.
Read in Nonferrous Treatment, Hardness, and Forming ↗T6 2024-T65052
0 6061-0 5052-H32 6061-T6 2024-T3 2024-T4 4-61 SB = DIstance from mold line to bend line 1.
Read in Bending and J-Chart Layout ↗Tac
Terminal Area Chart TACAN - Tactical Air Navigation TAS - True Air Speed TCA - Terminal Control Areas (Canada) TCH - Threshold Crossing Height TDZ - Touchdown Zone TDZE - Touchdown Zone Elevation TDZL - Touchdown Zone Lights TDZ/CL - Touchdown Zone/Centerline Lights TERPS - U.
Read in Complete Aeronautical Chart Users' Guide — Part 8 ↗Tacan
ONLY AIRCRAFT− An aircraft, normally military, possessing TACAN with DME but no VOR navigational system capability.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 8 ↗Tachometer
An instrument that measures the rate at which a shaft is turning.
Read in Glossary ↗Taf
like information for locations where an NWS or EWINS TAF is not available at the intended destination in Alaska.
Read in Appendix D — Special Terminal Operation Procedures (STOP) — Part 1 ↗Tail Rotor
A rotor turning in a plane perpendicular to that of the main rotor and parallel to the longitudinal axis of the fuselage.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Tailwind
Wind blowing in the same direction the aircraft is moving.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Take
OFF MINIMUMS:Rwy 7,300-1 w/ min.
Read in Chapter 1 — Departure Procedures — Part 3 ↗Takeoff Clearance
ATC authorization for an aircraft to depart a runway.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Takeoff Roll Lift
OFF CLIMB EN ROUTE TAKEOFF POWER ROTATION BEST CLIMB SPEED SAFE MANEUVERING ALTITUDE CLIMB POWER The takeoff, though relatively simple, often presents the most hazards of any part of a fl ight.
Read in Chapter 7 — Takeoffs and Departure Climbs — Part 1 ↗Takeoff Roll Rotation
LIFT-OFF CLIMB Wind Figure 7-8.
Read in Chapter 7 — Takeoffs and Departure Climbs — Part 1 ↗Tank Circuit
A tuned circuit used to temporarily store energy.
Read in Glossary ↗Tape Contamination
(See tape-to-head separation.
Read in Glossary ↗Tape Pack
The form taken by the tape wound on a reel.
Read in Glossary ↗Tape Skew
(1) The tape's deviation from following a linear path when transported across the heads.
Read in Glossary ↗Tape Speed
(1) The speed at which the tape is transported across the read/write head during normal recording or reproduction.
Read in Glossary ↗Tape Transport
(1) The mechanism that extracts magnetic tape from a storage device, moves it across magnetic heads at a controlled speed and then feeds it into another storage device.
Read in Glossary ↗Tape-To
HEAD SEPARATION—(1) Separation.
Read in Glossary ↗Tapped Resistor
A wire-wound, fixed resistor having one or more additional terminals along its length, generally for voltage-divider applications.
Read in Glossary ↗Target
In radar, a specific object of radar search or detection.
Read in Glossary ↗Target Resolution
The ability of a radar to distinguish between two or more targets that are close to each other.
Read in Glossary ↗Tarter
SOLENOI~D~S~W~I~T~C~H--~~·~E~o~l~i~plse~T~~y~p·e~6~1~8~M~o~de~1~2~A~+-~2--~l~A~@~2~8~V~, --~---"-------"------~"+---~M~--4---------~------~--------+-------~ MESHING - SOLEt:JOID DEVICE • Eo 11 ps e , Series 11 •-iYoS~.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 7 ↗Tas)
the speed of the aircraft in relation to the air mass in which it is flying.
Read in Aircraft Performance — Part 3 ↗Tat
15 c 50 OIL ORESS 50 105 OIL TEMP 100 97.
Read in Electrically Driven Instrument Systems ↗Taxi
The movement of an aircraft under its own power while on the ground.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Taxiw Ay
Airport area designated for aircraft surface movement.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Tb
1 H215B20 H216B20 H217B20 H218B20 H215A20 H216A20 H217A20 H218A20 XYZ 15 XYZ15 Sleeve marker tied in place Pressure-sensitive tape commonly used.
Read in Aircraft Electrical Wiring and Installation ↗Tb Cons Mod Chop 220/Neg 230
280 Continuous moderate chop at 22,000 ft MSL, negative turbulence between 23,000 and 28,000 ft MSL.
Read in Chapter 24 — Observations — Part 5 ↗Tb Mod
SEV CAT 350 Moderate to severe CAT at 35,000 ft MSL.
Read in Chapter 24 — Observations — Part 5 ↗Tb Neg 120
180 Negative turbulence between 12,000 and 18,000 ft MSL.
Read in Chapter 24 — Observations — Part 5 ↗Tb Ocnl Mod
SEV BLO 080 Occasional moderate to severe turbulence below 8,000 ft MSL.
Read in Chapter 24 — Observations — Part 5 ↗Tc00125At
A would be a TC project assigned by the Atlanta ACO on a small airplane with the assigned number 00125.
Read in Type Certificates and Maintenance Data ↗Tcas
I generates traffic advisories only.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 8 ↗Tcf
style graphics to facilitate ease of interpretation, the ECFP does not forecast TCF criteria.
Read in Chapter 27 — Forecasts — Part 7 ↗Tdls) D
ATIS application uses weather inputs from local automated weather sources or manually entered meteorological data together with preprogrammed menus to provide standard information to users.
Read in Chapter 1 — Departure Procedures — Part 2 ↗Tdw)
the width of material measured around the bends from edge to edge.
Read in Sheet Metal Forming Concepts ↗Tdx
TR system when all the rotors are on 0º, as in view A of figure 1-20.
Read in Synchros ↗Tdzl)
installed on some precision approach runways to indicate the touchdown zone when landing under adverse visibility conditions.
Read in Airport Operations — Part 3 ↗Tear Strength
The force required to initiate and/or propagate a tear in a specially shaped specimen of tape or base film.
Read in Glossary ↗Teetering Hinge
A hinge that permits the rotor blades of a semi- rigid rotor system to flap as a unit.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Telecommunications
The transmission of data between computer systems and/or terminals in different locations.
Read in Glossary ↗Teleprocessing
A method of data processing in which communication devices are used.
Read in Glossary ↗Teletypewriter
A machine that can transmit and or receive letters, numbers, or symbols.
Read in Glossary ↗Tell
FAA (1-866-835-5322).
Read in Chapter 7 — Chapter 7 ↗Temperature Coefficient
The amount of change of resistance in a material per unit change in temperature.
Read in Glossary ↗Temperature Coefficient Of Resistance
The amount of increase in the resistance of a 1-ohm sample of a conductor per each degree of rise in temperature above 0º C.
Read in Glossary ↗Temperature I
IN THE STRATOSPHERE 0, --I 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 TRUE AIRSPEED, KNOTS APPROXIMATE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE ULTIMATE STRENGTH, l/2 HR, EXPOSURE IOO- go- 30- ,-ALUMINUM 20- ALLOY IO- L Or I 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 SO0 900 ~000 TEMPERATURE, “F Figure 3.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 5 ↗Temperature Inversion
The condition in which warm air is formed above a layer of cool air that is near the earth's surface [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Tempest
A term normally used to describe compromising emanations.
Read in Glossary ↗Tempo 0303/0304 30030G45Kt 3/4Sm
SHSN FM030500 31010G20KT P6SM SCT025.
Read in Chapter 27 — Forecasts — Part 2 ↗Tempo 0912/0915
RA SCT010 BKN015 OVC040.
Read in Chapter 27 — Forecasts — Part 2 ↗Temporary Flight Restriction (Tfr)
Designated airspace of specified dimension where flight is temporarily restricted or prohibited.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Tensile Strength
The greatest stress a substance can withstand along its length without tearing apart.
Read in Glossary ↗Terminal
VERY HIGH FREQUENCY OMNIDIRECTIONAL RANGE STATION (TVOR)− A very high frequency terminal omnirange station located on or near an airport and used as an approach aid.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 8 ↗Terminal Board
(Also called a terminal strip.
Read in Glossary ↗Terminal Diagram
A diagram of a switch, relay, terminal board, or other component showing the connections to the equipment.
Read in Glossary ↗Terminal Lug
A device attached to a conductor for connecting to a terminal.
Read in Glossary ↗Terminal Radar Service Areas (Trsa)
Areas where participating pilots can receive addi- tional radar services.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Terps
based IFR climb gradient.
Read in Chapter 1 — Departure Procedures — Part 3 ↗Test Equipment
A general term applied to devices used to test electrical and electronic circuits.
Read in Glossary ↗Test Equipment Index
The Navy guide used to assist in identifying portable electrical/electronic test equipment required for support of prime electrical/electronic, IC, weapons, and reactor instrumentation systems.
Read in Glossary ↗Test Points
Locations in equipment that are accessible to the technician's probes where operating voltages or signals can be monitored.
Read in Glossary ↗Tetrode Tube
A four-electrode electron tube containing a plate, a cathode, a control grid, and a screen grid.
Read in Glossary ↗Tfr
See TEMPORARY FLIGHT RESTRIC- TION.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗The Cathode
RAY TUBE (CRT) Although you may not be aware of this fact, the CATHODE-RAY TUBE shown in figure 2-17 is, in all probability, the one tube with which you are most familiar.
Read in Special-Purpose Tubes ↗The Decision
MAKING PROCESS An understanding of the decision-making process pro- vides you with a foundation for developing ADM skills.
Read in Chapter 14 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Part 1 ↗The Drum
WOUND ARMATURE consists of coils actually wound around the armature core so that all coil surfaces are exposed to the magnetic field.
Read in Direct Current Motors ↗The Electrostatic Field
When a charged body is brought cl ose to another charged body, the bodies either attract or repel one another.
Read in Capacitance ↗The Frequency
RESPONSE CURVE FROM WHICH YOU SHOULD SELECT ANSWERS TO THE QUESTIONS.
Read in Module 9 Index ↗The Gas Turbine
PROPELLER COM- BINATION.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 3 ↗The Gramme
RING ARMATURE is inefficient since part of each armature coil is prevented from cutting flux lines.
Read in Direct Current Motors ↗The Ideal Series
RESONANT CIRCUIT The ideal series-resonant circuit contains no resistance; it consists of only inductance and capacitance in series with each other and with the source voltage.
Read in Tuned Circuits ↗The Lead
ACID CELL is the most widely used secondary cell.
Read in Batteries ↗The Nickel
CADMIUM CELL, commonly called the NICAD, has the following advantages over the lead-acid cell; charges in a shorter period of time, delivers a larger amount of power, stays idle longer, and can be charged and discharged many times.
Read in Batteries ↗The Ripple Frequency Of A Half
WAVERECTIFIER IS THE SAME AS THE LINE FREQUENCY.
Read in Power Supplies ↗The Silver
ZINC CELL is used mostly for emergency equipment.
Read in Batteries ↗The Two
INPUT, SINGLE-OUTPUT, DIFFERENCE AMPLIFIER If you combine the common-base and common-emitter configurations into a single transistor amplifier, you will have a circuit like the one shown in figure 3-2.
Read in Special Amplifiers ↗The V-B Or V
g DIAGRAM The operating flight strength limitations of an airplane are presented in the form of a V-‘-n or V-g diagram.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 7 ↗Thermal
MAGNETIC TRIP ELEMENT The thermal trip element circuit breaker, like a delay fuse, will protect a circuit against a small overload that continues for a long time.
Read in Circuit Protection Devices ↗Thermal Inertia
The capacity of a soldering iron to generate and maintain a satisfactory soldering temperature while giving up heat to the material being soldered.
Read in Glossary ↗Thermal Runaway
A conduction that exists when heat causes more electron-hole pairs to be generated; which, in turn, causes more heat and may eventually cause diode destruction.
Read in Glossary ↗Thermal Trip Element
A circuit breaker trip element that uses the increased bending of a bimetallic strip caused by increased current to open a circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Thermal-Magnetic Trip Element
A single circuit breaker trip element that combines the action of a thermal and a magnetic trip element.
Read in Glossary ↗Thermionic Emission
Emission of electrons from a solid body as a result of elevated temperature.
Read in Glossary ↗Thermistor
(1) A semiconductor device in which the resistance varies with temperature.
Read in Glossary ↗Thermocouple
A junction of two dissimilar metals that produces a voltage when heated.
Read in Glossary ↗Thermocouple Meter Movement
A meter movement that uses the current induced in a thermocouple by the heating of a resistive element to measure the current in a circuit; used to measure ac or dc.
Read in Glossary ↗Thermoplastic
A synthetic mixture of rosins that is flexible and used as an insulating material.
Read in Glossary ↗Theta
T he greek letter (θ) used to represent phase angle.
Read in Glossary ↗Thick
FILM ELEMENTS are screened onto the substrate.
Read in Microelectronics ↗Thick Film Components
Passive circuit components (resistors and capacitors) having a thickness of 0.
Read in Glossary ↗Thin
FILM ELEMENTS are produced through EVAPORATION or CATHODE SPUTTERING techniques.
Read in Microelectronics ↗Thin Film Components
Passive circuit elements (resistors and capacitors) deposited on a substrate to a thickness of 0.
Read in Glossary ↗Thof
42, and polychloroprene jacket on THOF-400 and THOF- 500.
Read in The Technician's Handbook ↗Thof-400 Thof
500 Diver’s line and telephone DLT 400-Hz aircraft servicing CVSF-4 DC aircraft servicing JAS-250 1/ The order of listing of cables for general application data has no significant meaning for their usage.
Read in The Technician's Handbook ↗Thp)
the horsepower equivalent of the thrust produced by a turbojet or turbofan engine.
Read in Aircraft Systems — Part 3 ↗Three
PHASE ALTERNATOR The three-phase alternator, as the name implies, has three single-phase windings spaced such that the voltage induced in any one phase is displaced by 120º from the other two.
Read in Alternating Current Generators ↗Three-Dimensional Radar (3D)
Measures the range, bearing, and altitude of a target.
Read in Glossary ↗Three-Element Array
An array with two parasitic elements (reflector and director) and a driven element [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Throttle
The control in an aircraft that regu- lates the power or thrust the pilot wants the engine to develop.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Throw
In a switch, the number of different circuits each pole can control; e.
Read in Glossary ↗Thrust
The force developed by the rotor blades acting parallel to the relative wind and opposing the forces of drag and weight.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Thyratron
Gas tube used as a modulator switching device.
Read in Glossary ↗Thyratron Modulator
An electronic switch that requires a low potential to turn it on.
Read in Glossary ↗Thyratron Tube
A gas-filled triode in which a sufficiently large positive pulse applied to the control grid ionizes the gas and causes the tube to conduct, after which the control grid has no effect in conduction.
Read in Glossary ↗Tickler Coil
Small coil connected in series with the collector or plate circuit of a transistor or tube and inductively coupled to a base or grid-circuit coil to establish feedback or regeneration.
Read in Glossary ↗Tides
The alternate rising and falling of the surface of the ocean and other bodies of water connected with the ocean.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Tie
IN FACILITY– The FSS primarily responsible for providing FSS services, including telecommunications services for landing facilities or navigational aids located within the boundaries of a flight plan area (FPA).
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 8 ↗Tight
BUFFERED, LOOSE-TUBE,a n dGEL-FILLED LOOSE-TUBE are types of fiber optic buffering techniques.
Read in Optical Fibers and Cables ↗Time
BASED FLOW MANAGEMENT (TBFM) − A foundational Decision Support Tool for time −based management in the en route and terminal environments.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 8 ↗Time Constant
The ti me required to charge a capacitor to 63.
Read in Glossary ↗Time Lag
The delay in a servo system between the application of the input signal and the actual movement of the load.
Read in Glossary ↗Time Sharing
A processing mode in which many users share the computer systems' resources through online terminals.
Read in Glossary ↗Time-Division Multiplexing
The process that periodically samples the full 360 degrees of each sine wave.
Read in Glossary ↗Time-Domain Reflectometer
A piece of test equipment used to test a transmission line for defects, such as shorts and opens.
Read in Glossary ↗Timer
See SYNCHRONIZER [18].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Timum Range And Endur
ANCE There are many conditions of flying oper- ations in which optimum range or endurance conditions are not possible or practical.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 4 ↗Tinning
The process of applying a thin coat of solder to materials prior to their being soldered (for example, application of a light coat of solder to the filaments of a conductor to hold the filaments in place prior to soldering the conductor).
Read in Glossary ↗Tip Floats
Small floats near the wingtips of flying boats or floatplanes with a single main float.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Tip-Path Plane
The imaginary circular plane outlined by the rotor blade tips as they make a cycle of rotation.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Tis
B service status The weather products provided by FIS-B are for information only.
Read in Aviation Weather Services — Part 5 ↗Tj4 1
320 84-86 AIR CORPS be very careful to turn a heavy airship slowly when at low altitudes.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 6 ↗Tjzs Sigmet Foxtrot 2 Valid 082030/090230 Kkci
SAN JUAN FIR VA FROM SOUFRIERE HILLS LOC 1642N06210W VA CLD OBS AT 2030Z WI N1730 W06400 - N1700 W06300 - N1650 W06300 - N1710 W06400 - N1730 W06400.
Read in Chapter 26 — Advisories — Part 2 ↗Tm 1
320 WAR DEPARTMENT , W ASHlNGTON, Pebr·um·y 11, 1941.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 1 ↗Tn 9
71 to provide an alternate static system source and an aural landing gear warning system.
Read in Routine, Required, and Special Inspections ↗To Answer Questions 1
48 THROUGH 1-50, SELECT FROM COLUMN B THE CIRCUIT WHICH DESCRIBES THE CIRCUIT OPERATION IN COLUMN A.
Read in Module 9 Index ↗To Answer Questions 1-53 And 1
54, SELECT FROM FIGURE 1G THE CIRCUIT DIAGRAM WHICH MATCHES THE CIRCUIT NAME IN EACH QUESTION.
Read in Module 9 Index ↗To Answer Questions 2
27 THROUGH 2-29, SELECT THE CONFIGURATIONS IN COLUMN B THAT MATCH THE AMPLIFIER CHARACTERISTICS IN COLUMN A.
Read in Module 9 Index ↗To Rolling Motion Only
-----(A) HIGH DlRECTlCNAL STABILITY m DIHEDRAL EFFECT AIRPLANE UNRESTRAINED \ AND FREE TO SIDESLIP \ (RUDDER FIXED) ( B ) LOW DIRECTIONAL STABIUTY .
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 6 ↗Toga
Takeoff/Go Around TORA - Takeoff Runway Available TPP - Terminal Procedures Publication TRSA - Terminal Radar Service Area TWR - Tower UC - Under Construction UHF - Ultra High Frequency UIR - Upper Information Region UNICOM - Universal Communications U.
Read in Complete Aeronautical Chart Users' Guide — Part 8 ↗Toggle Flip
FLOP The toggle, or T, flip-flop is a bistable device that changes state on command from a common input terminal.
Read in Special Logic Circuits ↗Tolerance
(1) The maximum error or variation from the standard permissible in a measuring instrument.
Read in Glossary ↗Tone
MODULATED SYSTEM, referred to as audio-frequency tone shift (afts), and the CARRIER-FREQUENCY SHIFT SYSTEM, referred to as radio-frequency-carrier shift (rfcs).
Read in Fundamental Systems Equipment ↗Tone-Terminal Set
Equipment that converts tty dc pulses into audio tones for modulation of a transmitter in audio-frequency-tone shift transmissions.
Read in Glossary ↗Top
HAT (flat- top) capacitive loading with one or more radiating elements.
Read in Introduction to Miscellaneous Communications Systems and Equipment ↗Top-Hat
An antenna that is center-fed and capacitively loaded.
Read in Glossary ↗Tora
Takeoff Runway Available TPP—Terminal Procedures Publication TRACAB—Terminal Radar Approach Control in Tower Cab TSO—Technical Standard Order TSOA—Technical Standing Order Authorization UHF—Ultra High Frequency UNICOM—Universal Communications U.
Read in Appendix B — Acronyms — Part 2 ↗Torque
In helicopters with a sin- gle, main rotor system, the tendency of the helicopter to turn in the opposite direction of the main rotor rotation.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Torque Differential Receiver (Tdr)
A type of differential synchro that takes two electrical inputs, one to the rotor and one to the stator, and produces a mechanical output.
Read in Glossary ↗Torque Differential Synchro System
A synchro system containing either a TDX or a TDR.
Read in Glossary ↗Torque Differential Transmitter (Tdx)
A synchro that is functionally the same as the CDX except that it is used in torque systems rather than control systems.
Read in Glossary ↗Torque Gradient
A term used in the rating of torque synchros.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Torque Receiver (Tr)
A type of synchro that converts the electrical input supplied to its stator back to a mechanical angular output through the movement of its rotor.
Read in Glossary ↗Torque Synchro System
A synchro system that uses torque synchros to move light loads such as dials, pointers, and other similar devices.
Read in Glossary ↗Torque Transmitter (Tx)
A synchro that is functionally the same as the CX except that it is used in torque synchro systems.
Read in Glossary ↗Torque Vector
In a gyro, a vector representing the rotary motion applied to change the direction of the rotor axis.
Read in Glossary ↗Total Drag
The sum of the parasite and in- duced drag.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Total Reactance
The total reactance of a series ac ci rcuit is determined by the formula X = XL − XC or X = XC − X L.
Read in Inductive and Capacitive Reactance ↗Total Resistance
(R T) The equivalent resistance of an entire circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Total Thickness
The sum of the thicknesses of the base film and the magnetic coating, as well as back coating, when applied.
Read in Glossary ↗Touch And Go
An operation by an aircraft that lands and takes off without stopping.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Touch-And
GO− An operation by an aircraft that lands and departs on a runway without stopping or exiting the runway.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 8 ↗Touchdown Point
The point or intended point at which an aircraft first makes contact with the landing surface.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Touchdown Zone
The portion of a runway, beyond the threshold, where it is intended landing aircraft first contact the runway.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Toxic Vapors
Vapors emitted by a substance that can do bodily harm.
Read in Glossary ↗Tpp)
Terms Margin Identification Information The margin identification at the top, bottom, and sides of the chart provides information about the airport location, proce- dure identification, and chart currency.
Read in Complete Aeronautical Chart Users' Guide — Part 6 ↗Tpum
6 Telephone, portable, multiple conductor: copper-clad steel conductors, polypropylene insulation, six pairs cabled, polyurethane jacket applied in two layers.
Read in The Technician's Handbook ↗Tr
it prevents the rotor from oscillating.
Read in Synchros ↗Tr Recovery Time
Time required for a fired tr or atr tube to deionize to a normal level of conductance.
Read in Glossary ↗Track
Operational phase of a fire- control or track radar during which the radar beam is kept on the target.
Read in Glossary ↗Track Radar
Radar that provides cont inuous range, bearing, and elevation data by keeping the rf beam on the target.
Read in Glossary ↗Track Width
The width of the track corresponding to a given record gap.
Read in Glossary ↗Trade
OFFS are made in APD design to optimize responsivity and gain, dark current, response time, and linearity.
Read in Optical Detectors and Fiber Optic Receivers ↗Traffic Fail
Traffic device has failed.
Read in Chapter 6 — Airplane Attitude Instrument Flying — Part 3 ↗Traffic Pattern
The traffic flow that is pre- scribed for aircraft landing at or taking off from an airport.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Traffic Pattern Indicators
Ground based visual indicators that identify traffic pattern direction at certain airports.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Traic
A three-terminal device that is similar to two SCRs back-to-back with a common gate and common terminals.
Read in Glossary ↗Trailing Edge
The rearmost edge of an airfoil.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Transconductance
A measure of the change in plate current to a change in grid voltage with the plate voltage held constant.
Read in Glossary ↗Transfer Pumps
FUE~L~==~~====~==================~====~============~============~-=~~====~b========F========+========~======~ IE- LIGHTING LANDIN~ LIGHT Grimes Mfg,Co, 8T 1220 A 1 ' lOA@ 24 V, .
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 7 ↗Transferred
ELECTRON SEMICONDUCTORS.
Read in Microwave Components and Circuits ↗Transformer
A device co mposed of two or more coils, linked by magnetic lines of force, used to transfer electrical energy from one circuit to another.
Read in Glossary ↗Transformer Construction
A TRANSFORMER consists of two coils of insulated wire wound on a core.
Read in Transformers ↗Transformer Efficiency
The ratio of ou tput power to input power, generally expressed as a percentage.
Read in Glossary ↗Transformer Losses
Transformer losses have two s ources-copper loss and magnetic loss.
Read in Transformers ↗Transformer Secondary (Point A
POINT B) HAS AN RMS VALUE OF 480 VOLTS AC.
Read in Module 7 Index ↗Transistor
A semiconductor device with three or more elements.
Read in Glossary ↗Transit Time
The time an electron takes to cross the distance between the cathode and anode.
Read in Glossary ↗Transition
The time it takes to shift from a mark to a space condition or from a space to a mark condition.
Read in Glossary ↗Translating Tendency
The tendency of the single-rotor heli- copter to move laterally during hover- ing flight.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 1 ↗Translation
In a gyro, a force acting through the center of gravity of the gyro that causes no torque on the gyro rotor.
Read in Glossary ↗Translational Lift
The additional lift obtained when entering forward flight, due to the increased efficiency of the rotor system.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 2 ↗Translucent
Those substances, such as frosted glass, through which some light rays can pass but through which objects cannot be seen clearly [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Transmission Line
A device designed to guide electrical or electromagnetic energy from one point to another [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Transmission Medium
A means of transferring intelligence from point to point.
Read in Glossary ↗Transmit
RECEIVER TUBE, or TR TUBE; the other is called the ANTITRANSMITRECEIVE TUBE, or ATR TUBE.
Read in Radar Subsystems ↗Transmit-Receive Tube (Tr)
A gas-filled RF switch that is used as a duplexer [18].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Transmitted Frequency
SHIFT KEYED SIGNAL (FSK).
Read in Angle and Pulse Modulation ↗Transmitter
Equipment that generates, amplifies, and modulates electromagnetic energy.
Read in Glossary ↗Transmitter Distributor
A device that reads Baudot code from paper tape and allows a message to be printed on a page printer.
Read in Glossary ↗Transmitter Frequency (Carrier Frequency)
The frequency of the unmodulated output of a transmitter.
Read in Glossary ↗Transmitter Transfer Switchboard
Equipment that selectively transfers remote control station functions and signals to transmitters.
Read in Glossary ↗Transmitting Antenna
The device used to send the transmitted signal energy into space [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Transom
As it applies to seaplanes, the rear bulkhead of a float.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Transonic And Supersonic Configu
RATIONS PHENOMENA OF SUPERSONIC FLIGHT.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 5 ↗Transparent
Those substances, such as glass, that pass almost all of the light waves falling upon them [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Transparent Tubing
(Also known as spaghetti tubing.
Read in Glossary ↗Transponder
The airborne portion of the sec- ondary surveillance radar system.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Transverse
FLOW EFFECT—A condition of increased drag and decreased lift in the aft por- tion of the rotor disc caused by the air having a greater induced velocity and angle in the aft portion of the disc.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 2 ↗Transverse Electric Mode
The entire electric field in a waveguide is perpendicular to the wide dimension and the magnetic field is parallel to the length.
Read in Glossary ↗Transverse Magnetic Mode
The entire magnetic field in a waveguide is per- pendicular to the wide dimension ("a" wall) and some portion of the electric field is parallel to the length.
Read in Glossary ↗Transverse Wave Motion
The up and down motion of a wave as the wave moves outward [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Traveling
WAVE TUBE (twt) is a high-gain, low-noise, wide-bandwidth microwave amplifier.
Read in Microwave Components and Circuits ↗Traverse (Bearing) Signal
In a monopulse radar system, the combination of individual lobe signals that represents target offset direction and amplitude from the antenna axis.
Read in Glossary ↗Tremendously High Frequency
The band of frequencies from 300 gigahertz to 3,000 gigahertz.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Trfc
01 F 3 TAKLE30 C N 1 33 N 2 R 10nm R E M V CRS VLOC1 HDG + R N G M E N U CRS VLOC1 HDG MODE SYNC MODE SYNC select and tune, most of the aircraft’s avionics from this one control interface.
Read in Navigation Systems ↗Tri
SPEED SYNCHRO SYSTEM The advent of long-range missiles and high-speed aircraft has brought about the need for accurately transmitting very large quantities.
Read in Synchros ↗Triac
A three-terminal device that is similar to two SCRs back to back with a common gate and common terminals.
Read in Glossary ↗Triatic
A special type of monopole antenna array.
Read in Glossary ↗Tricycle Gear Configuration
Land- ing gear configuration employing a third wheel located on the nose of the aircraft.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Trigger
Short pulse, either positive or negative, which can be used to cause an electrical function to take place.
Read in Glossary ↗Trigger Generator
See SYNCHRONIZER [18].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Trigger Pulses
In radar, pulses that are used to initiate specific events.
Read in Glossary ↗Triode Tube
A three-electrode electron tube containing a plate, a cathode, and a control grid.
Read in Glossary ↗Trip-Element
The part of a circuit breaker that senses any overload condition and causes the circuit breaker to open the circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Trip-Free Circuit Breaker
A circuit breaker that will open a circuit even if the operating 5 mechanism is held in the ON position.
Read in Glossary ↗Trip-Free/Nontrip
FREE CIRCUIT BREAKERS Circuit breakers are classified as being trip free or nontrip free.
Read in Circuit Protection Devices ↗Trivalent Impurity
Acceptor impurities containing only three valence electrons.
Read in Glossary ↗Troposphere
The portion of the atmosphere, closest to the earth's surface, where all weather phenomena take place [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Tropospheric Scatter
The propagation of radio waves in the troposphere by means of scatter [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Trouble Indicators
Signal lights used to aid maintenance personnel in locating synchro troubles quickly.
Read in Glossary ↗Trouble Tables
Tables of trouble symptoms and probable causes furnished by many manufacturers, with their equipment, to help technicians isolate synchro problems.
Read in Glossary ↗Troubleshooting
A procedure used to evaluate equipment performance and repair equipment when it fails to operate properly.
Read in Glossary ↗Trough
The low area between two wave crests.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Trough (Bottom)
The peak of the negative alternation (maximum value below the line) of a sine wave [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Trsa
See TERMINAL RADAR SERVICE AREAS.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗True Air Spied
KNOTS 6o f· - ~ -- -~ -- r- -- .
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 6 ↗True Altitude
The actual height of an object above mean sea level.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 2 ↗True Bearing
Angle between a target and true north measured clockwise in the horizontal plane.
Read in Glossary ↗True North
Geographic north [18].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗True Power
The power dissipated in the resistance of the circuit, or the power actually used in the circuit.
Read in Glossary ↗Truncated Paraboloid
A paraboloid reflector that has been cut away at the top and bottom to increase beam width in the vertical plane.
Read in Glossary ↗Truth Table
A table that describes a logic function by listing all possible combinations of input values and indicating, for each combination, the true output values [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Ts
FZRA When a thunderstorm is included in the significant weather group (even using vicinity , VCTS), the cloud group (NsNsNshshshs) includes a forecast cloud type of CB.
Read in Chapter 27 — Forecasts — Part 2 ↗Ts)
108, Parachute Canopy Fabric Pull Test, Non-Destructive Method.
Read in Chapter 5 — Part 1 ↗Ts0-C
23e and/or (J) TSO-C-23e if applicable X X X X X X X Operators Warning Label with Maximum Operating Limits 4.
Read in Chapter 5 — Part 7 ↗Tsio-360
RB reciprocating engines, and Superior Air Parts, Inc.
Read in Chapter 8 — Part 2 ↗Tso
C129 or C196 users unless certain requirements are met (see AIM) even though the "N/A" has been removed from the approach chart.
Read in Chapter 1 — Departure Procedures — Part 2 ↗Tso (C
23 series), or a personnel-carrying U.
Read in Chapter 7 — Part 2 ↗Tso C
23d) calls for “Average Peak Force.
Read in Chapter 4 — Part 3 ↗Tso)
C91 may not be used for new installations.
Read in Aircraft Maintenance Practices ↗Tso) C
23b and is rated at 300 pounds.
Read in Chapter 5 — Part 1 ↗Tt 1095 1034-4
10 1 10 4AG Converter No.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 8 ↗Ttl (Transistor
TRANSISTOR LOGIC) In TTL, transistors with multiple emitters are used for the logic inputs.
Read in Special Logic Circuits ↗Tube Dynamic Condition
Refers to the testing condition in which a vacuum tube is actually performing its function [16].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Tube Static Condition
Refers to the testing condition in which a tube has certain voltages applied but is not in its normal operating condition [16].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Tuned
PLATE TUNED-GRID OSCILLATOR.
Read in Microwave Components and Circuits ↗Tuned Circuit
A circuit that is used as a filter which passes or rejects specific frequencies.
Read in Glossary ↗Tuned Line
Another name for the resonant line.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Tuning Fork
A two-pronged mechanical device that is designed to vibrate only at its natural frequency.
Read in Glossary ↗Tunnel
DIODE FREQUENCY CONVERTERS AND MIXERS.
Read in Microwave Components and Circuits ↗Tunnel Diode
A heavily doped junction diode that has negative resistance in the forward direction over a portion of its operating range.
Read in Glossary ↗Tunneling
The piercing of a potential barrier in a semiconductor by a particle (current carrier) that does not have sufficient energy to go over the barrier.
Read in Glossary ↗Turboshaft Engine
A tur- bine engine transmitting power through a shaft as would be found in a turbine helicopter.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 2 ↗Turn
One com plete loop of a conductor about a core.
Read in Glossary ↗Turn-And
SLIP□ INDICATOR Gimbal Gimbal□ Rotation Gyro□ Rotation Canted GyroTURN□ COORDINATOR Horizontal□ Gyro Inclinometer Figure 12-8.
Read in Chapter 11 — Helicopter Emergencies — Part 3 ↗Turns Ratio
The ratio of num ber of turns in the primary winding to the number of turns in the secondary winding of a transformer.
Read in Glossary ↗Turnstile Antenna
A type of antenna used in vhf communications that is omnidirectional and consists of two horizontal half-wave antennas mounted at right angles to each other in the horizontal plane [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Twist Grip
The power control on the end of the collective control.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 2 ↗Twisted Pair
A line consisting of two insulated wires twisted together to form a flexible line without the use of spacers [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Two
PHASE ALTERNATORS Two phase implies two voltages if we apply our new definition of phase.
Read in Alternating Current Generators ↗Two Degrees-Of
FREEDOM GYROS The two-degrees-of-freedom (free) gyros can be divided into two groups.
Read in Gyros ↗Two-Dimensional Radar (2D)
Measures the range and bearing to a target.
Read in Glossary ↗Two-M (2M)
Miniature/microminiature repair program [14].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Two-Stroke Engine
A simple form of reciprocating engine that completes its operating cycle in two strokes of its piston—one down and one up.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Two-Wire Open Line
A parallel line consisting of two wires that are generally spaced from 2 to 6 inches apart by insulating spacers [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Two-Wire Ribbon (Twin Lead)
A parallel two-wire line in which uniform spacing is assured by two wires imbedded in a low-loss dielectric [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Tx-Tdr
TX System Operation (Subtraction) As we previously explained, the differential receiver differs chiefly from the differential transmitter in its application.
Read in Synchros ↗Tx-Tdx
TR); or two torque transmitters (TXs) and one torque differential receiver (TDR), (TX-TDR-TX).
Read in Synchros ↗Types Of Capacitors
Capacitors are manufactured in vari ous forms and may be divided into two main classes-fixed capacitors and variable capacitors.
Read in Capacitance ↗Typical Video
AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT There are many different ways in which video amplifiers can be built.
Read in Video and RF Amplifiers ↗Ua-18660041
1","trackOutbound":true,"trackMailto":true,"trackDownload":true,"trackDownloadExtensions":"7z|aac|arc|arj|asf|asx|avi|bin|csv|doc(x|m)?
Read in Complete Handbook ↗Ua-33523145
1'); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].
Read in Complete Handbook ↗Uas
which are usually under positive control by ATC and flying under Instrument Flight Rules—are an exception to this guideline.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 7 ↗Ube
(See upper band edge.
Read in Glossary ↗Ug-18D/U Ug-20D/U Ug-19D/U Rg
5/U, 6/U, 21/U and 212/U UG-21E/U UG-594A/U UG-23E/U UG-23E/U UG-160D/U RG-8/U, 9/U, 213/U and 214/U UG-536B/U RG-55/U and 58/U Captivated Contact Version: UG-1185/U UG-1186/U UG-1187/U RG-8/U,9/U,213/ U AND 214/U Figure 1-31.
Read in The Technician's Handbook ↗Ug-260D/U Ug-261C/U Ug-262C/U Rg
59/U, 62/U and 71/U Captivated Contact Version (Amphenol): 31-301 31-302 31-300 RG-55/U, 58/U, 141/U and 142/U 31-304 31-305 31-303 Rg-59/U, 62/U, 71/U and 140/U HN series connectors have a 50-ohm impedance and threaded coupling connectors designed for high-voltage applications.
Read in The Technician's Handbook ↗Ug-572A/U Ug
570A/U UG-571A/U RG-8/U, 9/U, 213/U and 214/U UG-626B/U UG-633A/U UG-629A/U UG-630A/U RG-5/U, 6/U, and 212/U UG-707A/U RG-14/U and 217/U You can find more information on rf connectors in Military Handbook 216 (MIL-HDBK-216).
Read in The Technician's Handbook ↗Uimc
related accidents and fatalities.
Read in Chapter 7 — Helicopter Performance — Part 7 ↗Uio
228 AIR DATA INST SWITCHING UNIT 34 - 14 UIO - 207 M S1 S2 C E N T R A L P R O C E S O R C E N T R A L P R O C E S O R S1 S2 NORMAL L ON AUX NORMAL BOTH ON 2 BOTH ON 1 NORMAL R ON AUX NORMAL Break Lines Break lines indicate that a portion of the object is not shown on the drawing.
Read in Lines, Symbols, and Drawing Interpretation ↗Ultrahigh Frequency
The band of frequencies from 300 megahertz to 3 gigahertz.
Read in Glossary ↗Ultralight
A vehicle as defined by 14 CFR 103.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Ultrasonic
(1) Sounds above 20,000 hertz [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Unbalanced Crystal Mixer
Circuit consisting of a section of coaxial transmission line one half wavelength long that is tuned to the difference (intermediate) frequency between the local oscillator and rf echo signals.
Read in Glossary ↗Unblocked
Having a blocking factor of one logical record per block.
Read in Glossary ↗Underslung
A rotor hub that rotates below the top of the mast, as on semirigid rotor systems.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 2 ↗Unicom
Aeronautical advisory station Follows the Common Traffic Advisory Frequency (CTAF) Unverified Heliport Airport of Entry When lighting is lacking, the respective character is replaced by a dash.
Read in Complete Aeronautical Chart Users' Guide — Part 3 ↗Unidirectional
In one direction only.
Read in Glossary ↗Unidirectional Array
An antenna array that radiates in only one general direction [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Uniformity
The extent to which the output remains free from variations in amplitude.
Read in Glossary ↗Unijunction Transistor (Ujt)
A three-terminal, semiconductor device with a negative-resistance characteristic that is used in switching circuits, oscillators, and Waveshaping circuits.
Read in Glossary ↗Unit
An assembly or any combination of parts, subassemblies, and assemblies mounted together.
Read in Glossary ↗Unit Of Inductance
Inductance (L) is measured in henrys (H).
Read in Inductance ↗Unit Size
The standards adopted to make comparisons between things of like value (for example, the unit size for conductors is the mil-foot).
Read in Glossary ↗Universal Time Constant Chart
A chart used to find the time constant of a circuit if the impressed voltage and the values of R and C or R and L are known.
Read in Glossary ↗Unloaded Rotor
The state of a rotor when rotor force has been removed, or when the rotor is operating under a low or negative G condition.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 2 ↗Unmanned Aircraft (Ua)
A device used or intended to be used for flight that has no onboard pilot.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 8 ↗Unmanned Aircraft System (Uas)
An unmanned aircraft and its associated elements related to safe operations, which may include control stations (ground, ship, or air based), control links, support equipment, payloads, flight termination systems, and launch/recovery equipment.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 8 ↗Uns
1, was released by Universal in 1982, it was called a flight management system (FMS).
Read in Chapter 5 — Flight Instruments — Part 4 ↗Unstabilized Approach
The final approach of an aircraft that has not achieved a stable rate of descent or controlled flight track by a pre-deter- mined altitude, usually 500 feet AGL.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Untuned Line
Another name for the flat or nonresonant line [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Unverified
A landing area available but warranting more than ordinary precaution due to: (1) lack of current information on field conditions, and/or (2) available information indi- cates peculiar operating limita- tions.
Read in Complete Aeronautical Chart Users' Guide — Part 2 ↗Up Link
The frequency used to transmit a signal from earth to a satellite.
Read in Glossary ↗Upper
FREQUENCY RESPONSE of an amplifier is limited by the inductance and capacitance of the circuit.
Read in Video and RF Amplifiers ↗Upper Band Edge (Ube)
The upper band edge of the recorder/reproducer response (usually at the -3dB point).
Read in Glossary ↗Upper Sideband
All of the sum frequencies above the carrier.
Read in Glossary ↗Upper-Frequency Cutoff
The highest frequency a circuit can pass.
Read in Glossary ↗Upper-Sideband Parametric Up
CONVERTER produces an output frequency that is the SUM of the input frequency and the pump frequency.
Read in Microwave Components and Circuits ↗Upswell
Motion opposite the direction the swell is moving.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Upwind Leg
A flight path parallel to the landing runway in the direction of landing.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Usaf B
12 assembly Used with small frame adjustable “V” ring.
Read in Chapter 8 — Part 5 ↗Useful Load
The difference between the gross weight and the basic empty weight.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 2 ↗User Programs
Programs written to solve specific user problems, called applications software.
Read in Glossary ↗Users
(1) The people who use the output from computer processing.
Read in Glossary ↗Ush
26(V), NAVSEA SE640-AF-MMO-010/USH-26(V), Naval Sea Systems Command, Washington, DC, 1981.
Read in References ↗Utc
Coordinated Universal Time.
Read in Chapter 27 — Forecasts — Part 3 ↗Utility Programs (Utilities)
Programs designed to perform often needed general functions.
Read in Glossary ↗V A)
the maximum speed at which the structural design’s limit load can be imposed (either by gusts or full deflection of the control surfaces) without causing structural damage.
Read in Flight Instruments — Part 2 ↗V Alve
WAI valve open, closed, or regulating.
Read in Pneumatic Deicing Boots ↗V Antenna
A bidirectional antenna, shaped like a V, which is widely used for communications [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗V Ariation
The angular differ- ence between true north and magnetic north; indicated on charts by isogonic lines.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 2 ↗V Fe)
the maximum speed with the flaps extended.
Read in Flight Instruments — Part 2 ↗V Le)
the maximum speed at which an aircraft can be safely flown with the landing gear extended.
Read in Flight Instruments — Part 2 ↗V N0)
the maximum structural cruising speed.
Read in Flight Instruments — Part 2 ↗V S0)
the stalling speed or the minimum steady flight speed in the landing configuration.
Read in Flight Instruments — Part 2 ↗V S1)
the stalling speed or the minimum steady flight speed obtained in a specified configuration.
Read in Flight Instruments — Part 2 ↗V X)
performed at an airspeed that will produce the most altitude gain in a given horizontal distance.
Read in Chapter 5 — Preflight and Ground Operations — Part 6 ↗V Y)
the airspeed at which an aircraft will gain the greatest amount of altitude in a given unit of time (maximum rate of climb in feet per minute (fpm)).
Read in Chapter 5 — Preflight and Ground Operations — Part 5 ↗V Yse)
the best rate-of-climb or minimum rate-of-sink in a light twin-engine aircraft with one engine inoperative.
Read in Flight Instruments — Part 2 ↗V-204 V
204 Obstacle study flight inspection and ESV’s required GHI vortac IJK vortac (L) HIJ vortac (shutdown) SUB-ROUTE V-204 60* Figure 2-18 Sub-route wider than existing route.
Read in Chapter 2 — En Route Operations — Part 2 ↗V-F
106, AN229 N/A N/A Some military containers, carry bags, jumpsuits Most modern zippers are polyester though they are still referred to as Nylon.
Read in Chapter 8 — Part 7 ↗V-T
295 40 lb As marked 5 cord for general harness construction Comes waxed for hand tacking Figure 3-41.
Read in Chapter 8 — Part 5 ↗V/S
Vertical Speed VSO—Stalling Speed or the Minimum Steady Flight Speed in the Landing Configuration WAAS—Wide Area Augmentation System WAC—World Aeronautical Chart WAM—Wide Area Multi-lateration WP—Waypoint ZFW—Fort Worth Air Route Traffic Control Center Glossary Abeam Fix .
Read in Appendix B — Acronyms — Part 2 ↗V1
critical engine failure speed or takeoff decision speed.
Read in Chapter 16 — Transition to Jet-Powered Airplanes — Part 2 ↗V2
takeoff safety speed, or a referenced airspeed obtained after lift-off at which the required one- engine-inoperative climb performance can be achieved.
Read in Chapter 16 — Transition to Jet-Powered Airplanes — Part 2 ↗V257
MCA at DBS of 8600’ traveling North V298 - MCA at DBS of 9800’ traveling West V343 - MCA at DBS of 8500’ traveling North V520 - MCA at DBS of 9000’ traveling East V520 - MCA at DBS of 10600’ traveling West MCA and MRA at a Fix MCA at SABAT on V298 of 11,100 traveling East.
Read in Complete Aeronautical Chart Users' Guide — Part 5 ↗V287-495
500 confluence of airways V520 (even) oriented east/west Victor Airway V23 V595 MRA 9300 No altitude change V287 MOCA *3400 V165 (odd) oriented north/south Altitude change Figure 1-2.
Read in Chapter 1 — The National Airspace System — Part 1 ↗Va)
Outside the CONUS A SIGMET for a volcanic ash cloud is issued for volcanic eruptions.
Read in Chapter 26 — Advisories — Part 2 ↗Vacuum
TUBE EQUIPMENT Vacuum tubes were found to have several built-in problems.
Read in Microelectronics ↗Vacuum Evaporation
Process of producing thin film components.
Read in Glossary ↗Valence
The measure of the extent to which an atom is able to combine directly with other atoms.
Read in Glossary ↗Valence Shell
The electrons that form the outermost shell of an atom.
Read in Glossary ↗Valid 151800Z For Use 1400
2100Z TEMPS NEGATIVE ABV 24000 FB 3000 6000 9000 12000 18000 24000 30000 AMA 2714 2725+00 2625-04 2531-15 2542-27 265842 DEN 2321-04 2532-08 2434-19 2441-31 235347 Figure 13-9.
Read in Aviation Weather Services — Part 3 ↗Var
Abbreviation for Volt-Amperes Reactive.
Read in Glossary ↗Varactor
A pn-junction semiconductor designed for microwave frequencies in which the capacitance varies with the applied bias voltage.
Read in Glossary ↗Varactor Fm Modulator
An fm modulator which uses avoltage-variable capacitordiode (varactor).
Read in Glossary ↗Variable
LENGTH WORDS (CHARACTER ADDRESSABLE) NEETS MODULE 22-Digital Computing UNCLASSIFIED 4-15 UNCLASSIFIED Working in a variable-word-length environment, each address holds one alphanumeric character as shown in figure 4-9, view B.
Read in Data Representation and Communications ↗Variable Attenuator
An attenuator for reducing the strength of an ac signal either continuously or in steps, without causing signal distortion.
Read in Glossary ↗Variable Resistor
A wire-wound or composition resistor, the value of which may be changed.
Read in Glossary ↗Variable-Mu-Tube
Same as REMOTE-CUTOFF TUBE [6].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Varnished Cambric
Cotton cloth coated with insulation varnish.
Read in Glossary ↗Vdl
2 Operations Control Tower ARTCSCC Taxi Instructions TRACONs Digital ATIS Departure Clearance Figure 5-5.
Read in Chapter 5 — Improvement Plans — Part 1 ↗Vector
A line used to represent both direction and magnitude.
Read in Glossary ↗Vef
speed used during certification at which the critical engine is assumed to fail.
Read in Chapter 16 — Transition to Jet-Powered Airplanes — Part 2 ↗Vehicle
Man-made means of transportation; an ultralight aircraft (not a light-sport aircraft).
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Veitch Diagram
A diagram consisting of joined squares, which is used to give a graphic representation of basic logic relations [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Velocity
KNOTS (TAS) POWER REK?
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 2 ↗Velocity Modulation
Modification of the velocity of an electron beam by the alternate acceleration and deceleration of electrons.
Read in Glossary ↗Velocity Servo System
A servo system that controls the speed of the load it is driving.
Read in Glossary ↗Velocity Servosystem
A servosystem which controls the speed of the load it is driving [15].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Venturi
A specially shaped restriction in a tube designed to speed up the flow of fluid passing through in accordance with Bernoulli’s principle.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Venturi Effect
The effect of Bernoulli’s principle, which states that the pressure of a fluid decreases as it is speeded up without losing or gaining any energy from the outside.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Verified
Confirmation of information or con- figuration status.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Vertical
DEFLECTION AMPLIFIER increases the amplitude of the input signal level required for the deflection of the CRT beam.
Read in The Oscilloscope and Spectrum Analyzer ↗Vertical Axis
On a graph, the straight line axis that is plotted from bottom to top [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Vertical Axis (Y Aw)
An imaginary line pass- ing vertically through the center of gravity of an aircraft.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Vertical Deflection Plates
A pair of parallel electrodes in a CRT that moves the electron beam up and down.
Read in Glossary ↗Vertical Pattern
The part of a radiation pattern that is radiated in the vertical plane [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Vertical Plane
An imaginary plane that is perpendicular to the horizontal plane.
Read in Glossary ↗Vertical Speed Indicator (Vsi)
An in- strument that uses static pressure to display a rate of climb or descent in feet per minute.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Vertical Vibration
A vibra- tion in which the movement is up and down, or vertical, as in an out-of-track condition.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 2 ↗Vertically Polarized
Waves that are radiated with the E field component perpendicular to the earth's surface [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Vertigo
A type of spatial disorientation caused by the physical senses sending conflicting signals to the brain.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Very High Frequency
The band of frequencies from 30 megahertz to 300 megahertz.
Read in Glossary ↗Very Low Frequency
The band of frequencies from 3 kilohertz to 30 kilohertz.
Read in Glossary ↗Very-High
FREQUENCY (vhf) and ULTRAHIGH-FREQUENCY (uhf) bands are known as line-of-sight transmission bands.
Read in Introduction to Radio-Frequency Communications ↗Very-Low
FREQUENCY (vlf) transmissions provide a highly reliable path for communications in these northern latitudes as well as over and under all oceans and seas of the world.
Read in Introduction to Radio-Frequency Communications ↗Vessel
Anything capable of being used for transportation on water, including seaplanes.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Vfe
the highest speed permissible with the wing flaps in a prescribed extended position.
Read in Aircraft Performance — Part 3 ↗Vfr
On-Top” authorized instead of a specific assigned altitude.
Read in Chapter 10 — IFR Flight — Part 1 ↗Vfr Terminal Area Charts
Charts desig- nated to depict Class B airspace in greater detail and greater scale than sectional charts.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Vfr)
On-Top) via a route that lies within joint-use restricted airspace: 1.
Read in Chapter 1 — The National Airspace System — Part 1 ↗Vfr-On
TOP 4,000' Intervals begin at FL 300 359°M 180° 0° 179°M Flight level 290 and above IFR EVEN thousands VFR or ON-TOP EVEN thousands plus 500' IFR ODD thousands VFR or ON-TOP ODD thousands plus 500' 359°M 180° 0° 179°M Cruising altitudes - U.
Read in Chapter 2 — En Route Operations — Part 6 ↗Vhf
UHF) Space waves Sky wave (HF) Ground wave (VLFto Receiver frequency of the carrier wave in proportion to the strength of the signal.
Read in Navigation Systems ↗Vhf (30
300 MHz), UHF (300 MHz - 3 GHz), and super high frequency (SHF) (3 - 30 Ghz) radio waves.
Read in Navigation Systems ↗Video Amplifier
An amplifier designed to amplify the entire band of frequencies from 10 hertz (10 Hz) to six megahertz (6 MHz).
Read in Glossary ↗Video Enhancement Features
See Antijamming Circuits.
Read in Glossary ↗Viii
36" Air Valve ·K-3 thru K-53, Excl.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 3 ↗Vincula
Plural of vinculum (see below) [13].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Vinculum
A straight horizontal line placed over one or more members of a compound logic expression to negate or complement.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Virtual Ground
A point in a circuit which is at ground potential (0 V) but is not connected to ground.
Read in Glossary ↗Visual Flight Rules (Vfr)
Code of Federal Regulations that govern the procedures for con- ducting flight under visual conditions.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Vle
the maximum speed at which the aircraft can be safely flown with the landing gear extended.
Read in Aircraft Performance — Part 3 ↗Vlo
the maximum speed at which the landing gear can be safely extended or retracted.
Read in Aircraft Performance — Part 3 ↗Vlo)
the maximum speed for extending or retracting the landing gear if flying an aircraft with retractable landing gear.
Read in Flight Instruments — Part 2 ↗Vlof
lift-off speed—speed at which the airplane leaves the surface.
Read in Chapter 13 — Transition to Multiengine Airplanes — Part 1 ↗Vmc
currently defined in 14 CFR part 23, section 23.
Read in Chapter 13 — Transition to Multiengine Airplanes — Part 1 ↗Vmc)
the minimum flight speed at which a light, twin-engine aircraft can be satisfactorily controlled when an engine suddenly becomes inoperative and the remaining engine is at takeoff power.
Read in Flight Instruments — Part 2 ↗Vmo
maximum operating speed expressed in terms of knots.
Read in Chapter 16 — Transition to Jet-Powered Airplanes — Part 1 ↗Vn0
the maximum speed for normal operation or the maximum structural cruising speed.
Read in Aircraft Performance — Part 4 ↗Vne
the speed that should never be exceeded.
Read in Aircraft Performance — Part 4 ↗Void
An area where material is missing on the surface of a tape or on a head's track.
Read in Glossary ↗Volt
OHM-MILLIAMMETER (VOM).
Read in Common Test Equipment ↗Voltage
DIODE DETECTOR) because the semiconductor diode is in series with both the input voltage and the load impedance.
Read in Demodulation ↗Voltage Amplifier
An amplifier in which the output-signal voltage is greater than the input- signal voltage.
Read in Glossary ↗Voltage Divider
A series circuit in which desired portions of the source voltage may be tapped off for use in equipment.
Read in Glossary ↗Voltage Drop
The difference in voltage between two points.
Read in Glossary ↗Voltage Gain
Ratio of voltage across a specified load.
Read in Glossary ↗Voltage Multipliers
Methods of increasing voltages used primarily where low current is required.
Read in Glossary ↗Voltage Regulation
A measure of the ability of a generator to maintain a constant output voltage from no-load to full-load operation.
Read in Glossary ↗Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (Vswr)
In a waveguide, the ratio of the electric field at a maximum point to that of an adjacent minimum point.
Read in Glossary ↗Voltage Waveforms
The waveform of voltage or current is a graphical picture of changes in voltage or current values over a period of time.
Read in Concepts of Alternating Current ↗Voltage-Diode Detector
Series detector in which the crystal is in series with the input voltage and the load impedance.
Read in Glossary ↗Voltage-Feed Method
Same as END-FEED METHOD [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Voltmeter
A meter that is used to measure voltage.
Read in Glossary ↗Volume Unit (Vu)
Unit of measurement of a complex audio signal such as voice or music.
Read in Glossary ↗Vor
Ground-based navigation system consisting of very high fre- quency omnidirectional range (VOR) stations which provide course guidance.
Read in Chapter 5 — Helicopter Systems — Part 2 ↗Vor/Dme
based RNAV units operate in at least three modes: VOR, en route, and approach.
Read in Navigation — Part 4 ↗Vortex Ring State
A tran- sient condition of downward flight (descending through air after just pre- viously being accelerated downward by the rotor) during which an appre- ciable portion of the main rotor sys- tem is being forced to operate at angles of attack above maximum.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 2 ↗Vr
rotation speed—speed at which back pressure is applied to rotate the airplane to a takeoff attitude.
Read in Chapter 13 — Transition to Multiengine Airplanes — Part 1 ↗Vr75
30 and a VR105-40 are shown connected in series.
Read in Power Supplies ↗Vref
reference landing speed—an airspeed used for final approach, which is normally 1.
Read in Chapter 13 — Transition to Multiengine Airplanes — Part 1 ↗Vs
stalling speed or minimum steady flight speed at which the airplane is controllable.
Read in Chapter 16 — Transition to Jet-Powered Airplanes — Part 2 ↗Vs0
the calibrated power-off stalling speed or the minimum steady flight speed at which the aircraft is controllable in the landing configuration.
Read in Aircraft Performance — Part 3 ↗Vs1
the calibrated power-off stalling speed or the minimum steady flight speed at which the aircraft is controllable in a specified configuration.
Read in Aircraft Performance — Part 3 ↗Vsi
See VERTICAL SPEED INDICATOR.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Vso
stall speed in the landing configuration.
Read in Chapter 16 — Transition to Jet-Powered Airplanes — Part 4 ↗Vsse
safe, intentional OEI speed—originally known as safe single-engine speed.
Read in Chapter 13 — Transition to Multiengine Airplanes — Part 1 ↗Vv-G
632 General Purpose Grease 35 lb.
Read in The Technician's Handbook ↗Vv-L
751 Lubrication oil 35 lb.
Read in The Technician's Handbook ↗Vx
best angle of climb speed—speed at which the airplane gains the greatest altitude for a given distance of forward travel.
Read in Chapter 13 — Transition to Multiengine Airplanes — Part 1 ↗Vx)
performed at an airspeed that produces the most altitude gain over a given horizontal distance.
Read in Chapter 3 — Basic Flight Maneuvers — Part 3 ↗Vxse
best angle-of-climb speed with OEI.
Read in Chapter 13 — Transition to Multiengine Airplanes — Part 1 ↗Vy
best rate of climb speed—speed at which the airplane gains the most altitude for a given unit of time.
Read in Chapter 13 — Transition to Multiengine Airplanes — Part 1 ↗Vy)
produces the most altitude gained over a given amount of time.
Read in Chapter 3 — Basic Flight Maneuvers — Part 3 ↗Vyse
best rate of climb speed with OEI.
Read in Chapter 13 — Transition to Multiengine Airplanes — Part 1 ↗W Ake Turbulence
Wingtip vortices that are created when an aircraft generates lift.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗W Ashout
A condition in aircraft rigging in which a wing is twisted so its angle of incidence is less at the tip than at the root.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗W-P
236 Petrolatum, Technical 1 lb.
Read in The Technician's Handbook ↗Waas
based line of minima, called Localizer Performance (LP) is being added in locations where the terrain or obstructions do not allow publication of vertically guided LPV minima.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 1 — Chapter 1 — Part 1 ↗Wafer
A slice of semiconductor material upon which monolithic ICs are produced.
Read in Glossary ↗Wafer Switch
A rotary switch in which the contacts are arranged on levels.
Read in Glossary ↗Washout
(1) A hard-coated head whose magnetic core material has a much higher wear rate than the coating.
Read in Glossary ↗Water Rudders
Retractable control surfaces on the back of each float that can be extended downward into the water to provide more directional control when taxiing on the surface.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Watt
The unit of electrical power that is the product of voltage and current.
Read in Glossary ↗Watt-Hour
A practical unit of electrical energy equal to one watt of power for one hour.
Read in Glossary ↗Watt-Hour Meter
A meter used to measure electrical energy.
Read in Glossary ↗Wattage Rating
A rating expressing the maximum power that a device can safely handle.
Read in Glossary ↗Wattmeter
An electrodynamometer type meter used to measure electrical power.
Read in Glossary ↗Wave
ENVELOPE PATTERNS, as shown in figures 5-2 and 5-3, and the TRAPEZOIDAL PATTERN, as shown in figure 5-4.
Read in Waveform Interpretation ↗Wave Antenna
Same as BEVERAGE ANTENNA [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Wave Motion
A recurring disturbance advancing through space with or without the use of a physical medium [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Wave Train
A continuous series of waves with the same amplitude and wavelength [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Wave Winding
An armature winding in which the two ends of each coil are connected to commutator segments separated by the distance between poles.
Read in Glossary ↗Waveform
The shape of the wave obtained when instan taneous values of an ac quantity are plotted against time in rectangular coordinates.
Read in Glossary ↗Waveform Analysis
Observation of displays of voltage and current variations with respect to time or by harmonic analysis of complex signals.
Read in Glossary ↗Wavefront
A small section of an expanding sphere of electromagnetic radiation that is perpendicular to the direction of travel of the energy [10].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Waveguide
A rectangular, circular, or elliptical metal pipe designed to transport electromagnetic waves through its interior.
Read in Glossary ↗Waveguide Duplexer
Consists of tr and atr tubes housed in a resonant cavity attached to a waveguide system.
Read in Glossary ↗Waveguide Mode Of Operation
Particular field configuration in a waveguide that satisfies the boundary conditions.
Read in Glossary ↗Waveguide Post
A rod of conductive material used as impedance changing devices in waveguides [11].
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Waveguide Posts
A rod of conductive material used as impedance-changing devices in waveguides.
Read in Glossary ↗Waveguide Screw
A screw that projects into a waveguide for the purpose of changing the impedance.
Read in Glossary ↗Wavelength
The period of a sine wave is defined as the time it takes to complete one cycle.
Read in Concepts of Alternating Current ↗Wavemeter
An instrument for measuring the wavelength of an rf wave.
Read in Glossary ↗Wavemeters
(1) Calibrated resonant circuits that are used to measure frequency.
Read in Glossary ↗Waviness
(1) A non-flat head's top surface perpendicular to the tape motion due to different wear rates in top surface materials.
Read in Glossary ↗Wca
correction applied to the course to establish a heading so that track coincides with course.
Read in Navigation — Part 2 ↗Wear Product
Any material that is detached from the tape during use.
Read in Glossary ↗Weather Briefing
Means for pilots to gather all information vital to the nature of the flight.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Weatherv Ane
The tendency to point into the wind.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Weatherv Aning
The ten- dency of an aircraft to turn until it points into the wind.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Weber'S Theory
A theory of magnetism which assumes that all magnetic material is composed of many tiny magnets.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Weight
One of the four main forces acting on a rotorcraft.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 2 ↗Weight And Balance
Includes weighing procedures, weight and balance records, computation instructions, and the equipment list.
Read in Chapter 19 — Rotorcraft Flight Manual — Gyroplane ↗Weight-Shift Control Aircraft
Pow- ered aircraft with a framed pivoting wing and a fuselage controllable only in pitch and roll by the pilot’s ability to change the aircraft’s center of gravity with respect to the wing.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Wheatstone Bridge
An ac bridge circuit used to measure unknown values of resistance, inductance, or capacitance.
Read in Glossary ↗Whitney R
1340 WASP ENGINE For K-9 and Future Minimum Oil Inlet Temperature ·' for Take-off .
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 5 ↗Wi
=- SRI W, condition (1) applies to some known condi- tion of velocity, power required, and specific range for (L/D),.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 4 ↗Wide
AREA AUGMENTATION SYSTEM.
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 8 ↗Wide Area Network
A network that usually covers large geographical areas.
Read in Glossary ↗Wide-Band Amplifier
An amplifier designed to pass an extremely wide band of frequencies, i.
Read in Glossary ↗Wind
The way in which tape is wound onto a reel.
Read in Glossary ↗Wind Correction Angle
Correction ap- plied to the course to establish a heading so that track will coincide with course.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Wind Direction Indicators
Indicators that include a wind sock, wind tee, or tetrahedron.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Wind Drift Correction
Correction applied to the heading of the aircraft necessary to keep the aircraft tracking over a desired track.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Wind Shear
A sudden, drastic shift in wind- speed, direction, or both that may occur in the horizontal or vertical plane.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Winder/Cleaner
A device that winds and cleans magnetic tape to restore it to a near-new condition, providing the tape has not been physically damaged.
Read in Glossary ↗Windw Ard
Upwind, or the upwind side of an object.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Wing
A ram-air inflated and pressurized fabric airfoil that produces the lift necessary to support the powered parachute in flight; including the lines that attach to the cart.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Wing Floats
Stabilizer floats found near the wingtips of flying boats and single main float float- planes to prevent the wingtips from contacting the water.
Read in Front Matter and Table of Contents — Part 2 ↗Wing Illustrated By Tuft
GRID PHOTOGRAPHS AR=2.
Read in Chapter 1 — Part 2 ↗Wing Loading
The amount of weight that a wing must support to provide lift.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Wing Manifold Press
pneumatic duct pressure in PSIG.
Read in Pneumatic Deicing Boots ↗Wings
Pilot Proficiency Programs .
Read in Appendix A — References ↗Wingspan
The maximum distance from wingtip to wingtip.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Wire
A solid or stranded group of solid, cylindrical conductors having low resistance to current flow, with an associated insulation.
Read in Glossary ↗Wire Armor
Wire armor is a layer of wound metal wire wrapped around the cable.
Read in Electrical Conductors ↗Wire Strippers
A tool used to strip insulation from wire.
Read in Glossary ↗Wire-Braid Armor
Wire-braid armor (view A of figure 1-17 ), also known as basket-weave armor, is used when light and flexible protection is needed.
Read in Electrical Conductors ↗Wiring Diagram
A diagram that shows the connections for an installation or for its component devices or parts.
Read in Glossary ↗With By
PASS & RELIEF VALVES.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 6 ↗Wobble Frequency
The frequency at which an electron wobbles on its axis under the influence of an external magnetic field of a given strength.
Read in Glossary ↗Wood
ACROSS GRAIN CORK, FELT, FABRIC, ASBESTOS, LEATHER, AND FIBER RUBBER, PLASTIC ELECTRICAL INSULATION MAGNESIUM, ALUMINUM, AND ALUMINUM ALLOYS WOOD— WITH GRAIN BABBITT, LEAD, ZINC, AND ALLOYS near views and sections.
Read in Lines, Symbols, and Drawing Interpretation ↗Word
A group of related bytes that are treated as a single addressable unit or entity in memory.
Read in Data Representation and Communications ↗Words-Per
MINUTE is an approximate rate of speed.
Read in Fundamental Systems Equipment ↗Words-Per-Minute
An approximate rate of speed.
Read in Glossary ↗Work
The product of force and motion.
Read in Glossary ↗Working On De
ENERGIZED CIRCUITS When any electronic equipment is to be repaired or overhauled, certain general safety precautions should be observed.
Read in Test Equipment Administration and Use ↗Working Voltage
The working voltage of a capacitor is the maximum voltage that can be steadily applied to the capacitor without the capacitor breaking down (shorting).
Read in Capacitance ↗Wow And Flutter
(1) The changes in signal-output frequency caused by tape-speed variations occurring at relatively low and relative high rates, respectively.
Read in Glossary ↗Wpt
APPROACH LOADING NORTH UP FREQ APR 5NM From this page, the pilot is able to choose the desired approach, transition, and choose the option to activate the approach or just load it into the flight plan.
Read in Chapter 11 — Emergency Operations — Part 2 ↗Write Feedthrough
(1) The magnetic coupling from the write track to a read track in the read/write head.
Read in Glossary ↗Wrmfnt 10Z Cntrl Ok-Srn Ar
NRN MS FCST LIFT NWD INTO NERN OK-NRN AR EXTRM NRN MS BY 04Z.
Read in Aviation Weather Services — Part 2 ↗Wrs
88 radar sites located throughout the United States.
Read in Glossary — Part 2 ↗Wsr
88D Weather Radar Precipitation Intensity Terminology.
Read in Aviation Weather Services — Part 1 ↗Wx Fu002
TOP030 Base of a smoke layer, 200 ft MSL, top 3,000 ft MSL.
Read in Chapter 24 — Observations — Part 4 ↗Wx Fv02Sm Brhz000
TOP083 Flight visibility 2 SM, base of a haze and mist layer at the surface, top 8,300 ft MSL.
Read in Chapter 24 — Observations — Part 4 ↗Wx-Brief
Phone number for reaching an FAA Flight Service Station 24 hours a day almost anywhere in the United States.
Read in Glossary — Part 1 ↗Wye (Y)
A 3-phase connection in which one end of each phase winding is connected to a common point.
Read in Glossary ↗X L
XC or X = XC - XL A14.
Read in Inductive and Capacitive Reactance ↗X-Axis
In a gyro, the spin axis of the gyro.
Read in Glossary ↗X-Ray Emission
Penetrating radiation similar to light, but with shorter wavelength, that can penetrate human tissue.
Read in Glossary ↗Xi
Flight and Instrument Panel -42- (b) Damper Control The air dampers can be kept open by means of an olive on the control cables.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 4 ↗Xiv
45- INST,RUMENTS, CONTROLS AUXILIARIES Air Scoop Adjustment Air Damper Contols Air Valve Controls Manometers (3) Pressure Gage Auxiliary Blower Switch for Auxiliary Blower Gas Valve Controls Air Sleeve Rip Cords LOCATION Port & Starboard of Frame 6.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 4 ↗Xvi
Top of Landing Gear Stru~ \ D.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 5 ↗Xxix
c FUEL PUMP FAILURES TRANSFER ·PUMP WITH RELIEF VALVE In case of failure of one engine driven pump open cross connecting valve.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 6 ↗Xxviii
a thru XXVIII-j for K-3 thru K-10 airships, and in Figures XXIX-a thru XXIX-j for K-11 and future.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 6 ↗Xxxvi
a ELECTRIC FUSE DATA: K-3 thru K-8 Rating Type Amps.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 8 ↗Y
z RolL __ LateraL __ ________ y y Pitching __ M z X Pitch __ I NormaL _________ z z Yawing __ N x--Y Yaw ___ ' Velocities I ,.
Read in Complete Handbook — Part 5 ↗Y-Axis
In a gyro, an axis through the center of gravity and perpendicular to the spin axis.
Read in Glossary ↗Yagi Antenna
A multielement parasitic array.
Read in Master Glossary of Terms ↗Yaw
The movement of a rotorcraft about its vertical axis.
Read in Chapter 22 — Aeronautical Decision Making — Gyroplane — Part 2 ↗Yyhh
YYhh), where YY is the date, HHmm is the time, in hours and minutes, of last augmented observation, and hhmm is the time, in hours and minutes, the second complete observation is expected to be received.
Read in Chapter 27 — Forecasts — Part 3 ↗Yym
MDDHHMM−PERM DATA .
Read in FAA Aeronautical Information Manual: Chapter 3 — Chapter 3 — Part 3 ↗Z-Axis
In a gyro, an axis through the center of gravity and mutually perpendicular to both the spin (X) and Y axes.
Read in Glossary ↗Zener Diode
A pn-junction diode designed to operate in the reverse-bias breakdown region.
Read in Glossary ↗Zener Effect
A reverse breakdown effect in diodes in which breakdown occurs at reverse voltages below 5 volts.
Read in Glossary ↗Zero
MODULATION NOISE—(See noise.
Read in Glossary ↗Zeroing
The process of adjusting a synchro to its electrical zero position.
Read in Glossary ↗Zone 100
Lower half of fuselage 146 144 142 143 Zone 500—Left wing 132 133123 145 141122 131 Zones 135 Subzones 134 111 112 121 titanium are sometimes used in areas subject to higher stress or heat.
Read in Helicopter Structures ↗Zone Of Mutual Visibility
The area where the satellite can be seen by both the up- and down-link earth terminals.
Read in Glossary ↗